(1) Immunostimulant. Since the 1980s, there have been reports of the usefulness of levamisole. In recent years, there have been reports of giving this drug (2.5 mg/kg, once every other day) to patients with frequent relapses or adrenocortical hormone dependence. 112 In the future, proteinuria was maintained during the hormone withdrawal process. Complete responders were significantly higher than those in the control group. It has been observed that if the course of treatment is too short (12 weeks)

it is ineffective. It has been introduced in China that the application of BCG vaccine in the treatment of refractory nephrotic syndrome not only has obvious clinical effects, but also improves the function of lymphatic and mononuclear phagocytes.

(2) Intravenous immune globulin. The mechanism of action of this drug may be that immunoglobulin binds to the immune complex of the glomerulus, changing its crystal state, thereby promoting its dissolution, or blocking the Fc receptors of macrophages and B cells, thereby inhibiting B lymphocytes. Synthetic antibodies.

There have been many reports of the application of this therapy in recent years.

(3) Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. In recent years, the use of such drugs (captopril, benazepril, enalapril, etc.) to treat non-diabetic nephrotic syndrome can reduce urinary protein by 30% to 50%, and the group that is effective in reducing proteinuria His kidney function is also relatively stable. Does not affect renal hemodynamic changes. Therefore, there are reports that it is relatively safe when used for 12 to 18 months.

(4) Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. This type of drug (indomethacin, etc.) inhibits the production of prostaglandin PGE2, reduces local inflammation and permeability of the kidney, and has a certain effect on reducing urinary protein. However, due to the reduction of PGE2, the intrarenal blood flow distribution is affected, and the renal cortical blood flow is reduced, causing the glomerular filtration rate to decrease. Therefore, the use of such drugs to reduce urinary protein is currently not recommended.

Furthermore, the effect of this type of drug on lowering urinary protein is very unstable and will relapse within a few weeks of stopping the drug.

(5) Anti-platelet aggregation drugs and anticoagulation therapy. Such drugs may improve the coagulation function in glomerular capillaries and are used in nephrotic syndrome, but the results are inconclusive. However, in recent years, there have been reports of using dipyridamole 300 mg daily for 3 months intravenously. Double-blind randomized controlled trials have found that it can reduce urinary protein by 60% in membranous nephropathy, 65% to 70% in IgA nephropathy, and 65% to 70% in focal segmental renal failure. The ball is hardened by 40% and the effect is obvious. Awaiting further verification.