To ensure the yield and minimize the occurrence of pests and diseases, the first thing is to select excellent strains. For example, strain 36 is characterized by large fruiting body and low fruiting density, while strain 20 is characterized by small fruiting body and high fruiting density.
2. Optimize cultivation techniques
Agaricus bisporus is cultivated in a three-dimensional frame, and plastic nets are installed on the bedstead to lay cultivation materials, which can make full use of the space in the mushroom house. The culture material can be fermented for the second time, the raw materials can be fully decomposed, there are few pests and diseases, and the yield is high.
3. Stacking fermentation
The corncob (which had no mildew in the current year or the previous year) was crushed to the size of peanuts, and the ingredients according to the planting area of 100m2 were: 2200kg of corncob, 2200kg of dry cow dung, 50kg of urea 15kg, 50kg of calcium superphosphate, 50kg of cooked gypsum powder and 0/00kg of dry lime powder.
Pre-wet corncob and dried cow dung 3 days before stacking. Spread the bottom layer of corncob on the clean and tidy cement floor, cover it with a layer of dried cow dung, pile it into a pile with a height of 1m and unlimited length, and pour lime water with a pH of 8.5 every day until the water overflows the bottom, so that the materials are fully saturated.
Choose a site with high terrain, close to water source, close to mushroom house and hard ground, and build a fermentation pile with width of 2.0m, height of 1.5m and unlimited length. Mix the feed and cow dung as evenly as possible, add water when the feed is dry, cover the straw for heat preservation and moisture retention (covered with plastic film in rainy days), and start measuring the feed temperature the next day. Under normal circumstances, the pile temperature should rise to 70℃ on the third day.
4, mushroom room disinfection
Three days before the culture materials enter the room, the closed mushroom room should be fumigated with 2kg of 40% formaldehyde and 2.5% avermectin according to the ratio of 100m2, or closed for 24 ~ 48 hours to completely kill the pests and diseases, and then the doors and windows should be opened for ventilation.
5, secondary fermentation
While it is hot, transport the pre-fermented culture materials to the bedstead, seal the doors and windows, and introduce steam into the shed with a pipeline steam generator to raise the temperature. When the temperature rises to 63℃, control the fire temperature, and if necessary, open the doors and windows to lower the temperature, and keep the temperature at 60℃ 12 ~ 24h. Then open the vent hole, cool it to 50℃ for 50℃5 ~ 7d, and finally ventilate and cool it to discharge the waste gas and residual ammonia produced in the fermentation process.
Step 6 make a bed for sowing
When the temperature of the material drops below 28℃, spread the material and sow it. When laying materials, mix and shake the culture materials evenly, and the material surface should be flat, with the middle being 2~3cm thicker than the edge and the culture materials being about 20cm thick.
7. Hair bacteria
After sowing 1 ~ 5 days, heat preservation and moisture preservation are the main methods, and no ventilation or less ventilation is needed when hyphae germinate normally, so as to promote the early germination and colonization of strains and seal the feed surface. After 6 ~ 10 days, the mycelium was basically covered, and with the deepening of mycelium feeding, the ventilation rate gradually increased.
When the mycelium grows to 1 1~ 18d, it should be perforated and ventilated in time, and at the same time, the ventilation volume should be increased to increase the oxygen content in the material. When the mycelium grows to more than 2/3 of the material layer, it is ready to cover the soil.
8, covering soil and management
Choose vegetable garden soil below the surface layer 15~30cm, and the suitable soil particle size is1~1.5cm. Before use, dry it in the sun 1d, and then spray it with 0.5% dichlorvos or 4%~5% formaldehyde solution, every1d. After spraying, soil particles are piled up and covered with film 15~20h to eliminate pests in soil particles. Then use 1% lime water to adjust the water content of soil particles to 16%~ 18%.
9. Mushroom management
Mushroom water
When the mycelium grows to 1cm above the surface layer, 3~4kg/m2 of mushroom water should be sprayed in time to restore the water content of the covering soil to 16%~ 18%. Generally, when the temperature is low, spray water in the morning and evening, gently and diligently, and finish spraying in 2 ~ 3 days. The shed temperature should be controlled at 10~20℃ and ventilated at the same time for 1 ~ 2 hours.
Extended data
nutritive value
Every100g of fresh mushrooms contains 2.9g of high-quality protein, 0.2g of fat, 2.4g of carbohydrate, 0.6g of dietary fiber, 8mg of calcium, 66mg of phosphorus, 0.3g of iron/kloc-0, 0.6mg of vitamin B./kloc-0, 3.3mg of nicotinic acid and 4mg of vitamin C. In addition,
Mushrooms are rich in lysine. Lysine is an essential amino acid for human body, which can increase weight, disease resistance, hemoglobin and intelligence? .
Mushroom also contains interferon inducer, which can induce the production of interferon, so it has good curative effect on vesicular stomatitis virus and encephalitis virus. Fresh mushroom extract tablets can treat persistent or chronic hepatitis, so liver patients should eat mushrooms. Mushrooms also have the function of lowering blood cholesterol, and proteolytic enzymes and cool ammonia enzymes in mushrooms have the function of lowering blood pressure, so mushrooms are ideal health food for patients with hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
Mushroom is a kind of edible fungus planted indoors, which grows gradually from mycelium to fruiting body and eventually becomes an edible fungus, and can grow better and faster in a suitable environment. Mushrooms belong to saprophytic fungi, and there is no chlorophyll in their bodies, so they cannot directly carry out photosynthesis under light.
In the process of mushroom growth, various nutrients in the culture medium are mainly used as nutrient sources, thus achieving growth and development. Culture materials are generally composed of pig manure, cow dung, phosphate fertilizer and other substances.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Mushrooms (Mushrooms)