Tall bamboo shoots, tall bamboo shoots are also known as: water bamboo shoots, water bamboo shoots, foot white bamboo shoots, Zizania, Zizania vegetable and so on. It is a unique aquatic vegetable in China. In the world, only China and Vietnam cultivate water bamboo shoots (wild rice) as a vegetable. Ancient people called wild rice "Zizania". Before the Tang Dynasty, wild rice was cultivated as a food crop, and its seeds were called Mizuso rice or carving Hu, which is one of the "six grains" (sticky rice, millet, grain, sorghum, wheat, and Mizuso). Later, it was discovered that some mizutaki were infected with black powder fungus and did not twig, and the plant was free of disease, and the stems continued to expand, gradually forming spindle-shaped fleshy stems, which is now edible wild rice. In this way, the black powder fungus is used to prevent wild rice from flowering and fruiting, and the deformed plants with the disease are propagated as a vegetable. It can be used as medicine.

Annual herb, often rhizomatous. Culms erect, 90-180 cm tall; leaf sheaths plump, longer than internodes, often with transverse vein lines at base; ligules membranous, slightly triangular, up to 15 mm long; leaf blades flattened and broad, surfaces scabrid, abaxial surface smoother, 30-100 cm long, 10-20 mm wide; panicle large, 30-60 cm long, branches much clustered, uplifted in blossom, spreading in fruiting; male spikelets 0-15 mm long, more or less compressed on both sides, with a few or more compression points. Male spikelet 0-15mm long, more or less compressed on both sides, often purplish, often inserted on lower spreading or upper flourishing branches of inflorescence, disarticulating on spikelet shank, but shank weak; glumes reduced to nothing; lemma apex acuminate or mucronate, and 5-veined, thickly papery; anthers 6-9mm; female spikelet 15-25mm long, lemma awned 15-30mm long, palea homogeneous with lemma, often both 3-veined, closely clasping; 6 spikelets in male flower, often with 3-veined awns, awned, awned by lemma. clasping; 6 developing stamens in male flowers. Caryopsis cylindrical, ca. 10 mm. flowering and fruiting in autumn.

Biological Characteristics

1. Morphological Characteristics:

Zizania aquatica is a perennial aquatic rooted plant of the family Gramineae. The plant is 1.6-2 meters tall, with 5-8 leaves,

Tall shoots (8 pictures)

Leaves are made up of two parts: the leaf blade and the leaf sheath. The leaf blade and leaf sheath have a triangular leaf pillow, called "wild rice eye". Leaf sheaths from the ground up layers around each other, forming a pseudostem. Stems can be divided into above-ground stems and underground stems of two kinds, above-ground stems are short shrunken, partially buried in the soil, on which most of the tillers occur, underground stems are stolons, horizontal born in the soil over the winter, the apex of the shoots sprouted the following spring new plants, new plants and can produce new tillers. As the wild rice plant body parasitic black spice fungus, its mycelium with the growth of the plant, to early summer or autumn moss shoots, the main stem and early tillers of the shortened stem of the flower stem tissue by mycelial metabolites - - - - - - - - - - - indole acetic acid stimulation, the base of the 2-7 section of the meristematic tissue cell proliferation, expanding into the fat and tender fleshy stems (galls), that is, the edible wild rice shoots.

Male wild rice refers to a few plants, disease resistance is particularly strong, the mycelium of the Black Spike fungus can not invade, can not form wild rice, to the summer and fall flowering stem elongation of moss shoots flowering plants. Gray wild rice refers to some of the plants overripe or mycelium grows rapidly, so that wild rice has been filled with black-brown spores, resulting in poor quality, can not be eaten. Male wild rice center shoots above the female wild rice, easier to identify, it is appropriate to pull out the roots in a timely manner, not to leave the root plant in the soil.

2. Growth habit:

Wild rice has a single-season wild rice in the fall and autumn and summer double-season wild rice two types. Both of them are propagated by dividing the plants, the Yangtze River Basin single-season wild rice in the Qingming to the valley rain pier planting, summer and autumn double-season wild rice can be divided into spring and fall, spring planting before and after the rain, fall planting in the autumn before and after the fall. Zizania can be divided into four stages:

(1) budding period: after the spring in March.April began to germinate, the minimum temperature of 5 ℃ above 10-20 ℃ is preferred.

(2) Tiller stage: from late April to the end of August, each plant can tiller more than 10-20, the appropriate temperature is 20-30 ℃.

(3) Zizania stage: double-season wild rice in early to late June Zizania once, in late August to late September again Zizania once. Single-season wild rice for the second half of August to the first half of September to pregnant wild rice, the appropriate temperature for 15-25 ℃, below 10 ℃ or higher than 30 ℃, will not be pregnant wild rice.

(4) growth stagnation and dormant stage: after the water bamboo temperature below 15 ℃ tiller and above the ground are growth stop, 5 ℃ below the ground part of the dead, underground are in the soil overwintering.

Wild rice is native to China and Southeast Asia, but as a vegetable cultivation, only China and Vietnam, which is the earliest cultivation in China. According to the Book of Rites, "eat snail minced meat and Mushroom soup". Mizutaki food is Mizutaki rice, can be seen in the Zhou Dynasty has used the seeds of wild rice for food. According to "Er Ya", "The deep vegetables look like the soil fungus born in the grass of Mizushroom. Now Jiangdong eat sweet and smooth." According to the Southern Song Dynasty, Luo Wang's "Er Ya wing" explains. "Today and Mizushroom in the fungi such as children's arms, Er Ya said that the expanse of vegetables." Also said: "Zizania head of Zizania Chiang more than three years, the heart of Carex such as lotus root, to the fall as a child's arm. The big one is called Zizania head, the so-called Zizania root of this herb is also, can be steamed, can also be eaten raw. It may have black strands such as black dots, the name 'Uyu'. "Er Ya" was written in the Qin and Han Dynasties, it can be seen at that time, in addition to the use of seeds for food, has been used wild rice as a dish.