? Portulaca oleracea, also known as Eupatorium odoratum, Five-element grass, Paederia cristata, etc., is the whole grass of Portulaceae annual succulent herb Portulaca oleracea, which is a traditional bulk medicine in China. It has the effects of dispersing blood, relieving swelling, cooling blood, moistening intestines, removing toxic substances and treating postpartum sweating. It is mainly used for dysentery, ulcer, metrorrhagia and hematochezia, and can be used externally to treat erysipelas and snake bites. Portulaca oleracea can be used as both medicine and food, which has high nutritional value and medicinal value. It contains a large amount of L- norepinephrine, dopamine and a small amount of dopa, as well as vitamins B 1, B2, P, C, carotene and potassium salt.
Second, the growth environment
Portulaca oleracea likes high temperature and high humidity, cold tolerance, waterlogging tolerance and positive, which is suitable for cultivation in various fields and slopes, especially in neutral and weakly acidic soils. It can be cultivated from spring to autumn. Spring sowing starts late and the quality is soft. Sowing in summer and autumn is easy to blossom and the quality is coarse and old, and it can be sowed in February-August. The germination temperature is 65438 08℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 20 ~ 30℃. When the temperature exceeds 20℃, it can be planted in stages and listed one after another. Protected cultivation can carry out periodic production.
Third, the feeding method.
It can be propagated by seeds and cuttings.
1. Seed propagation
After first frost in spring, you can sow in the open space. The seeds used are all collected from the ground, or the seeds left over from last year's cultivation. If you want to go public in advance, you can raise seedlings and transplant them in the protected area. Choose a plot with flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and few weeds, deeply turn over the ridges, apply organic fertilizer, and then make a compartment. The seeds of Portulaca oleracea are very small, so before sowing, base fertilizer should be applied, and then plowed with a rake to make a box with a width of1.2m. The surface is flat and the soil is fine. In order to ensure the uniform sowing of seeds, seeds can be mixed with fine soil and sown. After sowing, the compartment surface can be properly compacted and watered, and seedlings can emerge in 7 ~ 10 days. Seedlings in protected areas should be covered with plastic film and shed after sowing, and the plastic film should be removed immediately after seedling emergence. When the seedlings grow to 3 ~ 4 cm high, it is necessary to start thinning, which should be carried out in stages and gradually increase the spacing between plants. When the height of the seedling field is more than 5 cm, it can be transplanted. Generally, 700g seeds are used for sowing per mu, and 500g seeds are used for drilling.
2. Cutting
Cutting branches should be collected from seedlings planted or wild in the same year, preferably from robust plants with vigorous branches, and each node should have 3 ~ 5 nodes. Before cutting, carefully level the soil, apply sufficient fertilizer, plow and harrow to make a box with a width of 1 ~ 1.2m, and then cut the plants that have not blossomed and borne fruit into stems or branches, with the cutting density (plant row spacing) of 3cm× 5cm and the depth of soil insertion of about 3cm. After cutting, you should keep a certain humidity and proper shade, and you can survive after one week. After rooting, you should apply fertilizer.
Fourth, on-site management
15 ~ 20 days after sowing or cutting, it can be transplanted to the field for cultivation, and it can also be directly cut into the field when the cultivation area is small. Before transplanting, turn over the soil, combine with soil preparation, apply 1500 kg of fully decomposed human and animal manure or 15 ~ 20 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu, then open the compartment according to the width of 1.2m, plant at the row spacing of 15cm×20cm, and then pour root water thoroughly. It is best to choose cloudy days for transplanting. For example, in sunny days, shading measures should be taken within two days after planting, and water 1 time every evening. When transplanting, after applying sufficient fertilizer as required, topdressing is not needed in the early stage. After harvesting 1 ~ 2 times, topdressing is applied with 1 times diluted human excrement water, and a little nitrogen fertilizer is often applied in the growth period, so that the stems and leaves grow fat, increase yield, delay reproductive growth and improve quality. The formed buds should be removed in time to promote the emergence of vegetative branches. Proper watering should be done during drought, and attention should be paid to weeding during growth. Pests and diseases rarely occur in Portulaca oleracea L., so spraying is generally unnecessary.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) harvest
Portulaca oleracea seeds are harvested many times at a time, and the harvest is picking. The harvesting standard is the shoots that are 10 ~ 15 cm long before flowering, and the newly grown leaflets are the best edible parts. The top of the tender stem can be pinched continuously, and the middle and upper parts can be taken, leaving the stem base to germinate new buds, so that the plant can continue to grow, and it can be harvested once every 15 ~ 20 days until the first frost.
Six, seed, seed collection and processing
Portulaca oleracea L. in Taneda can be planted alone, or a plot of land can be set aside from the plot where commercial vegetables are produced, and it can be planted thinly to strengthen management. Commercial vegetables can naturally branch, blossom and seed without harvesting. The capsule of Portulaca oleracea L. is about 20 ~ 30 days after flowering. When the capsule (seed shell) is yellow, the seed is mature, so it should be harvested in time, otherwise it will be scattered on the ground. Its seeds are very small. When collecting, you can spread waste paper or film between rows or plants, then shake the plants to let the seeds fall on the waste paper or film, and then collect. In addition, if purslane is planted in greenhouse, it can be planted or mowed in early spring to seize the market, and planting should be postponed in autumn to supplement the off-season vegetable garden; After harvesting, remove impurities, wash, steam or scald, and dry in the sun.