1, garden selection: the establishment of the garden requires loose and fertile, deep soil, well-drained, rich in organic matter, ph between 5.5-7.5.

2, transplanting: conventional cultivation, plant spacing control in 3-3.5m × 3.5-4.5m or so. Dwarf dense cultivation, plant spacing control in 2 × 3m or 1.5 × 2m.

3, management: do a good job in the orchard soil improvement, straw mulching, fertilizer and watering, shaping and pruning and other management work.

A, garden selection

1, choose in the soil texture is good, the soil layer is deep (more than 60cm), loose and fertile, drainage and irrigation conditions are good, the organic matter content of 1.5% or more, the water table 100cm below the plains of the garden or hillside (slope control in the 25 ?below to 10-15 ?preferred) to build the garden, the soil ph is not suitable, but it is suitable to build a garden. ) for the establishment of the garden, soil ph control between 5.5-7.5.

2. The orchard is required to be more than 50 meters away from the main highway.

Second, transplanting

1, variety selection: if it is early and medium maturity varieties, choose to cultivate in the winter frost areas. If it is a special early-maturing varieties and late-maturing varieties, choose to cultivate in areas with higher temperatures and cumulative temperatures.

2, transplanting time, density: generally choose in the spring around February-March or fall around September-October transplanting planting. If it is conventional cultivation, plant spacing control in 3-3.5m or so, row spacing control in 3.5-4.5m or so. If it is a dwarf dense cultivation, row spacing control in 2?3m or 1.5?2m or 1?2m.

3, transplanting method: transplanting, root system and branches and leaves for appropriate pruning, and then the seedling placed squarely in the center of the planting hole, step on the side of the seedling gently lifted up to ensure that the seedling root system spread out, and the soil is fully close to the. After the end of transplanting, watering the root water.

4, transplanted fruit time: transplanted in the third year when the fruit began, the fourth year to reach the level of abundance, the fifth year into the fruitful period, 10 years after the gradual decline.

3, soil management

1, soil improvement

(1) deep tilling and soil reformation: deep tilling and soil reformation (mainly including expanding the hole type, trench type) can deepen the soil layer, improve the environment of citrus root growth, to ensure that the root distribution is deep and wide, prolonging the fruitful production years, and improve the ability of resilience. When deep turning, the depth of 60-80cm is appropriate.

(2) planting green fertilizer: the canopy of young trees is small, planting green fertilizer can increase soil organic matter. The main types of green manure in winter include garden flowers, oats, arrow peas, etc., while the main types of green manure in summer include soybeans, mung beans, and Indian cowpeas.

(3) soil cultivation: generally choose in the winter time, combined with frost protection for soil cultivation. When cultivating soil, choose non-polluting pond mud, river sand or nearby fertile soil, cultivate it near the tree pockets, and then rake it when the temperature rises in the coming spring.

2, grass cover

(1) orchard rows of grass, tree disk cover is currently widely used, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of weeds.

(2) If it is artificial grass, you can generally choose bahiagrass, white clover, multiflora ryegrass, patchouli thistle and so on. If it is natural grass grass species, generally choose grass species with shallow root systems, shorter stems, different types of pests and diseases and citrus, and conducive to fruit tree pest natural enemies as well as microbial activities, such as wild Artemisia, dogwood, hollow lotus grass, Matang, Shanglu and so on.

3, straw mulching

(1) in the high temperature, drought, cold, the use of straw and other things to cover the tree plate, can play a water retention, fertilizer, cold, drought prevention role.

(2) mulch and citrus tree trunk to maintain a distance of about 10cm, covering thickness of about 15-20cm appropriate.

Fourth, fertilization management

1, for young trees, fertilization 4-6 times a year, respectively, for the spring before pumping, summer before pumping, autumn before pumping, as well as the new tops of the self-shearing to the new leaves turn green period. For fruit trees, fertilization is divided into four periods, in which germination fertilizer is applied about 10-15 days before citrus germination, and the amount of fertilizer taken up 15-20% of the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year, with fast-acting nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers as the main focus. Fruit stabilization fertilizer in the flower thankful three-quarters to the second physiological fruit drop before the application, the amount of fertilizer to occupy 5% of the total amount of fertilizer throughout the year, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with the application of phosphorus fertilizer. Strong fruit fertilizer in late July to early August to apply, the amount of fertilizer to take up 40% of the total amount of annual fertilizer to fast-acting nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer-based, with the application of organic fertilizer. Fruit harvesting fertilizer is applied before and after the fruit harvest, the amount of fertilizer taken up 35-40% of the total amount of annual fertilizer, mainly organic fertilizer.

2, 1 year old trees, each year per mu orchard to apply 500-600kg of stable fertilizer, 2.5-4kg urea. 2 years old trees, each mu orchard to apply 750-1000kg of stable fertilizer, 4-5kg of urea. 3 years old trees, each mu orchard to apply 1,250-1,500kg of stable fertilizer, 5-7.5kg of urea. For trees 1 year before fruiting, apply 1750-2200kg of stable fertilizer, 10-13.5kg of urea, 10-13.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 16.5-21kg of potassium chloride per mu of orchard. For fruit trees, apply 4000-5000kg stable fertilizer, 25-35kg urea, 25-35kg calcium superphosphate, 37.5-45kg KCl per mu of orchard.

3, new growth period, foliar spraying 0.3-0.5% urea + 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution. At the flowering stage, foliar spray 0.2% borax + 0.3% urea solution. At young fruit stage, foliar spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or 0.3% urea solution, 1% calcium superphosphate leaching solution. When the fruit is rapidly expanding period, foliar spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.

V. Water management

1, fruiting period (April-June) when the rainy season, should be strengthened to open the ditch drainage work, if encountered in hot weather, timely watering.

2, fruit expansion period (July-September), pay attention to timely watering.

3, fruit ripening period (October to harvest), the water demand is less, generally do not need to water, unless the weather is too dry.

4, stop the growth period when (after harvest to March of the next year), the same amount of water needed to water, generally do not need to water. If too dry or there is a freeze occurs, appropriate irrigation.

Six, plastic pruning

1, citrus commonly used tree shape

Mainly includes a natural round head shape, natural happy shape and short stem multi-primary branch shape.

2, young tree pruning

(1) wipe buds and tips: young trees can be released three times a year in the spring, summer, and fall tips, in which the growing season to wipe off the early sporadic buds, put the summer and fall tips, and the spring tips to let the natural pumping, no need to wipe buds and tips.

(2) centering: when the branch tips are too long, centering, the general length of the new tips to 20-30cm or so is appropriate.

3, adult tree pruning

(1) If it is winter pruning, generally in the fruit harvest to spring before budding. If it is summer pruning, generally after budding to the fruit harvest before.

(2) When pruning in winter, you can cut off up to 20-25% of the total amount of leaves. Summer pruning, up to 15% of the total amount of leaves. Year-round pruning to control the amount of leaf removal in about 15-30%.

(3) If it is a big year tree, pruning volume control in about 20-25%. If it is a small year tree, pruning volume control in about 15%. If it is a stable tree, the pruning amount is controlled within 20%.