Kelp is a sea of algae plants, growing on the bottom of the sea has a "submarine forest" of the name. Kelp is brown, it also contains chlorophyll, but contains too much brown pigment, so the green cover. Kelp also rely on chlorophyll photosynthesis.
Kelp generally lives in shallow waters. It has pseudoroots that are not used to suck up nutrients, but are used to hold on to rocks, hence the name fixer. The kelp has neither a stem nor a branch, and its entire body is like a long leaf.
However, kelp does not flower and produce seeds. So how does it reproduce? Kelp is a sporophyte attack its reproduction method is more peculiar, first in the leaf grew many pockets like sporocysts, which have many spores. When the spores are ripe the sporangia rupture and the spores inside come out and swim in the sea with two flagella. When they land on a rock on the sea floor, they germinate and grow into a kelp under the right conditions.
Question 2: How does kelp grow? Kelp is a cold water seaweed, in our country natural growth of kelp only appeared in the Yellow Sea north of Qingdao, Bohai Sea. Kelp growth areas require smooth water flow, fertile water, and high safety coefficients.
Due to the temperature difference from north to south and light and other factors, so that the growth of kelp maturity early and late, in the same sea area or the same seedling rope on the kelp, the maturity of its successive, so the harvest period from the middle of May continued to the first half of July.
The growth of kelp is mainly affected by temperature and light, and the amount of nitrogen nutrient content in seawater also affects the growth and yield of kelp. In addition, tidal currents, wind and waves also have a greater impact on kelp growth.
Question 3: How does kelp grow, is it inside the sea? Kelp, is a large algae in the ocean, it is bathed in seawater, the body shape of the leaf like corn. Kelp consists of three parts: the blade, the stalk and the "root". Article leaf blade branching, brown and shiny, handle brown flat, "root" sucked on the seabed rocks or buildings in the sea, absorbing nutrients in the seawater growth and reproduction. Kelp is a kind of nutritional value and economic value are relatively high marine algae. As we all know, plants growing on land, such as corn, wheat, etc., are photosynthesized through the leaves using carbon dioxide in the air, synthesized sugar and then converted into components of the plant body, its roots into the soil, absorbing water and nitrogen in the soil, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients necessary for plant growth, its stems to the various parts of the plant body to transport these useful substances. So how does kelp grow in seawater? It turns out that seawater is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iodine and other substances which are essential nutrients for the growth and development of kelp. Kelp in seawater is like growing in a nutrient solution, drawing on the nutrients in seawater. The leaf blade of kelp is the proliferative part of kelp, which is not only the main body of kelp for photosynthesis, but also can absorb the nutrients in seawater, the long striped leaf blade improves the efficiency of kelp to absorb the nutrients and photosynthesize in seawater; the flat stalk of kelp not only supports the leaf blade of kelp but also can absorb the nutrients in seawater and photosynthesize; and the role of fixation of the The "root", which is in contact with seawater, can also absorb nutrients and photosynthesize in seawater. Like land plants, kelp is capable of photosynthesis, but it does not have a system for transporting water and nutrients to all parts of the algal body, because its leaves, stalks, and "roots" can absorb nutrients from seawater and photosynthesize. Kelp also reproduces its offspring differently from land plants. Mature large sea kelp leaf surface, there are many vesicles, this vesicle is the kelp spore group, the spore group released spores, spores scattered in the sea gradually develop male and female gametophytes, and then by the discharge of eggs and *** combination, later sprouted a new kelp. How to salvage kelp is beyond me.
Question 4: What does kelp look like? Here is a picture of kelp:
Question 5: How to grow kelp I. Selection of the breeding area
As a breeding area, it must have the following conditions:
Substrate: Flat muddy and muddy sandy bottoms are good, hard sandy bottoms are second best, and soft muddy bottoms are the worst. Rocky reef bottom and can. The former playing pegs, the latter under the weight.
Depth of water: It is determined by the length of the seedline and the form of breeding. Generally in the winter dry tide water depth of more than 5 meters in the sea area, can develop raft culture.
Water current, wind and waves, the better aquaculture area is a big current, small waves. Deep water flow, wind and waves in the outer sea area, as long as the safety is guaranteed, is also a very good breeding area. The sea area with upwelling and cold water mass is especially good.
Transparency: the aquaculture sea area should have good transparency to promote the growth of kelp. The key to the transparency requirements of the sea area is the relative stability of the transparency.
Nutrient salts: the aquaculture sea area should have good nutrient salt content, generally require nitrogen content of 100mg/m3 or more.
Sewage: Sewage includes domestic sewage and industrial and agricultural production sewage. The aquaculture sea area should avoid the polluted sea area.
Second, the structure and setup of aquaculture rafts
There are two main types of aquaculture rafts; single-type rafts (also known as large single frame) and double-type rafts (also known as large double frame). Single rafts are superior and are the main type of kelp culture in China at present.
Single-type raft structure: mainly consists of floating rope, peg cable, pegs (or stone weights), floats, lanyards and so on.
Floating rope: floats on the surface of the sea through the buoyancy of the float, and the seedling rope hangs on it. Its length is the length of the raft body, about 50-60 meters. Its material is plant fiber or chemical fiber rope.
Peg cable and pegs (or stone weights): used to fix the raft body, one end of the peg cable is connected to the floating rope, and the other end is tied to a peg on the seabed. The other end is tied to the peg on the seabed. The material of the cable is the same as that of the floating rope. Pegs can be made of wood or bamboo. The stone weight can be made of stone or reinforced concrete components.
Float: provide buoyancy for the cable, types of bamboo tubes, glass balls, plastic balls and polyethylene foam.
The layout of the sea area should be unified planning, rational layout. To consider the through-flow, safety, ease of operation. Delineation of rows, composed of zones, generally 30-40 rafts for a row (a zone), zone spacing to 30-40 meters, raft spacing (equal) to 6-8 meters. The direction of rafts should take into account the relationship between wind and current and the light condition of kelp. Downstream rafts and cross-stream rafts under two categories.
Third, raise the process
Raise the choice of sea area → culture raft layout → kelp seedlings out of the warehouse transportation → kelp seedlings of the temporary feeding (hanging type, flat hanging type) → dismantle the seedling curtains → regulating the water layer → fertilizer → scrubbing and safety → the preparations for seedling splitting (seedling rope preparations, the preparations for the rope, the preparation of the stone, the preparations for splitting the seedling tool) → splitting the seedlings ｛Splitting the seedling time (from the end of October to early November), splitting the seedling standards (from the end of October to early November), splitting the seedling time (from the end of October to early November), splitting the seedlings. The standard (10cm), picking seedlings, transporting seedlings, clamping seedlings, hanging seedlings｝→cultivation methods (flat cultivation, pendant cultivation, pendant and flat rotational cultivation, one-stop cultivation, shellfish and algae inter-cultivation) →cultivation management (reasonable foster, adjusting the light, fertilizer, cutting the tip, and other management) →harvesting.
Fourth, fertilization
Kelp farming in sea areas with low nitrogen content requires fertilization to produce commercial kelp. Fertilization in seawater is characterized by low absorption of kelp, high loss and low fertilizer efficiency. According to this characteristic, the more commonly used methods are spraying fertilizer, splashing fertilizer and hanging bags. Nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied, and phosphorus fertilizer is supplemented in moderation. The amount of fertilizer varies according to different seasons. In recent years, due to the phenomenon of eutrophication in the sea area is more obvious, so the kelp culture more than no fertilization.
As you know, the main factors affecting the growth of kelp are: light, temperature, fertilizer, salt. Light, fertilizer, salt in a large area of the culture area is not in a big difference, only the water temperature of the sea area is different. Because of the different water temperatures in each sea area (generally about 2 ℃ difference), kelp growth is different. In the kelp culture, the same sea area in the same period, the kelp is located in a different layer of water, the growth potential is very different. Previously, some people think that the light makes it, that kelp growth is always good on the upper layer, the light is better than the light is better than the weak, shallow than deep, and ignored the role of the water temperature, ignored the sea area on the lower layer of the temperature difference on the growth of kelp impact.
We found that the heat of sunlight is the source of temperature, but sunlight acts on kelp by causing changes in water temperature. In general, the intensity of light does not change the pattern of temperature difference between the upper and lower layers of water. Only when the water temperature is lower than 6 ℃, the light is weak on the growth of kelp is unfavorable; water temperature is higher than 8 ℃, the light is strong on the growth of kelp is also unfavorable.
The practice of kelp culture has proved that the kelp is quite sensitive to water temperature, water temperature 6-8 ℃, kelp on the rapid growth, sometimes every day can grow 10-13cm, and to 0 ℃, it stops growing; 20 ℃ or more, not only do not grow, but rather rotten. Kelp nursery, whether winter or summer, as long as ...... >>
Question 6: When is the harvesting season for kelp? Due to the influence of the difference in temperature from north to south, light and other factors of difference, so that the growth of kelp maturity early and late, in the same sea area or the same seedling rope kelp, its maturity is also sequential, so the harvest period from the middle of May continued to the first half of July. It is usually the summer and fall harvest.
Question 7: Kelp is grown underground, or above Above ground, grown on the seabed, kelp is originally cold water seaweed. Its growth temperature is 0 ~ 13 ℃, to 2 ~ 7 ℃ for the optimal temperature kelp shipment degree. Kelp photosynthesis requires sufficient light energy, and from the seawater to absorb nutrients, due to the turbidity or transparency of seawater is different, suitable for the growth of the water layer there are differences in depth, deeper than the tidal line under the 2-3m, shallow in the water surface at a depth of 1m.
Question 8: Why does kelp grow in the sea? It was originally a seawater plant, and its structure has the function of excluding salt, absorbing fresh water and other nutrients.
This principle, just like the saltwater fish adapted to live in seawater, in freshwater on the contrary can not survive.
Question 9: We eat kelp is grown in the sea or artificially planted Currently on the market in the kelp there are 3
A kind of industrial synthesis is equivalent to a chronic poison refer to the black workshop chili, black hearted point of the direct plastic gelatin for this kind of people should go to the death
There is also a wild This is in the origin of the safer to buy.
There is also a kind of artificial breeding. There is no nutritional value