You can refer to the adverse reactions and prevention methods of DTP vaccine. DTP is a special vaccine to prevent pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus. However, many clinical practices have found that although DTP vaccine has a good effect of preventing infectious diseases, there are also many adverse reactions. The common adverse reactions and preventive methods are introduced here to attract people's attention. 1. Abnormal nervous system reaction 1. Neuritis: It usually occurs about 5 ~ 7 days or two weeks after inoculation, or even longer. It is characterized by numbness and pain in limbs, weakening or disappearance of tendon reflex, and severe cases can cause muscle atrophy, paralysis and other symptoms, often with facial paralysis and skewed mouth. 2. Encephalopathy: It mostly occurs within 3 days after inoculation, and the symptoms are convulsions, spasms, convulsions, drowsiness or abnormal howling, but most of them can recover, and a few patients can leave permanent injuries, such as limb muscle atrophy and paralysis, mental retardation or seizures. 3. Allergic encephalomyelitis: It mostly occurs 1 ~ 4 weeks after inoculation, with an average of about 10 days. It is characterized by sudden onset, limb pain, numbness of hands and feet, and may be accompanied by fever, restlessness, drowsiness, vomiting and convulsions. In the future, there will be spinal cord injuries such as reflex changes, hemiplegia and cerebral palsy, limb paralysis, and some will also have meningeal irritation symptoms such as coma. The condition of most patients develops rapidly, and can be gradually relieved after the acute phase, and some patients will have sequelae. Patients with abnormal nervous system reaction can generally use intravenous injection of 50% glucose 40 ml twice a day and intravenous drip of adrenocortical hormone, such as hydrocortisone100 ~ 200 mg; Patients with encephalitis can be dehydrated with mannitol, and given adenosine triphosphate, cytochrome C, coenzyme A and other drugs to promote cell metabolism, and supplemented with vitamin C, vitamin b 1, b2. Second, rashes usually appear within hours or days after vaccination. There are various forms of rash, such as urticaria similar to measles, scarlet fever rash, exudative papule, vesicular polymorphic rash, hemorrhagic rash or purpura. , can be systemic, can also be localized, rash can be accompanied by fever, general discomfort and other symptoms. For the treatment of rash, it is mainly anti-allergic, and hormone therapy can be used if necessary. Three, allergic shock after vaccination a few minutes or 1 hour suddenly pale, cold sweat dripping, cold limbs, blood pressure drop, dizziness, headache, difficulty breathing, and even syncope, cyanosis, if not rescued in time, can lead to death. Therefore, people must be vigilant about this. Once the shock occurs, the patient should be put on his back immediately, and the following drugs should be applied in turn according to the severity of the illness: 1. 1. 1000 epinephrine: 0.5 ~ 1 ml per kilogram for adults and 0.02 ~ 0.03 ml per kilogram for children, and injected subcutaneously. If 10 minutes later does not recover, you can use it again. 2. Hydrocortisone: Adults add 100 ~ 200mg to 250ml of 5% glucose solution for intravenous drip; Children should add 2 ~ 4 mg of 5% glucose solution to 100 ml for intravenous drip every time; In case of emergency, 1/2 ~ 2/3 of the above adrenaline can be diluted in 20 ~ 40ml of 5% glucose solution for intravenous injection. 3. Dexamethasone: 65,438+00 ~ 20mg for adults, 5 ~ 65,438+00mg for children, 65,438+00 ~ 20ml for 5% ~ 25% glucose solution, and rehydration in time after injection. 4. Phentolamine: If the above treatment is still ineffective, phentolamine can be given as appropriate, and the average adult should be given 10 ~ 20 mg each time, plus 250 ml of 5% glucose solution for intravenous drip; Children weigh 0.2 ~ 0.3 mg per kg at a time, and add 50 ml of 5% glucose solution for intravenous drip. 5. M-hydroxylamine: If it still has no effect, M-hydroxylamine can be added as appropriate, and adults should add 250 ml of 5% glucose solution for intravenous drip every time 15 ~ 100 mg; Children should be given 0.3 ~ 2 mg per kg of body weight at a time, and 5% glucose solution 100 ml should be added for intravenous drip. 6. Other treatments: If the patient is critically ill and has difficulty breathing, oxygen should be given in time; Laryngeal edema is serious, tracheotomy should be done; For patients with bronchospasm, aminophylline should be injected intravenously, 250 mg for adults and 2 ~ 4 mg per kg for children. If there is respiratory depression and weak heartbeat, tracheal intubation should be carried out when necessary. 4. Hypotonia and hyporeactivity (also known as shock-like syndrome) This is a rare complication after DTP vaccine injection, which often occurs in infants of 2-8 months, usually within 65,438+00 hours after vaccination. Its manifestations are pallor, lethargy, irritability and anorexia, and most of them can recover on their own. About 0.2% children can collapse suddenly, scream continuously, have obvious nervous system changes, and even die. The reason may be related to allergies or hypoglycemia. Five, angioneurotic edema often occurs within 1 ~ 3 days after inoculation, and the injection site appears red and swollen, and the skin shines due to swelling, which can spread to the whole upper arm in severe cases. In this case, anti-allergic treatment is mainly used. Precautions for Inoculating DTP Vaccine Although DTP vaccine will cause the above side effects, it is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases after all. In order to reduce or prevent all kinds of adverse reactions, people should pay attention to the following matters when vaccinating: (1) Strictly control contraindications. (2) In case of any of the following circumstances, such as collapse, shock, persistent screaming, high fever, convulsion, serious change of consciousness, systemic or local nervous system symptoms, allergic reaction, thrombocytopenia or hemolytic anemia, you should seek medical attention immediately. (3) BCG should not be inoculated on the same arm within 4 weeks to prevent BCG from spreading to the injection site through lymphatic metastasis and forming abscess and induration. (4) JE and polio are not suitable for vaccination during the epidemic period. ?