I. Raw materials. The main raw materials for cultivating mushrooms are the straw of crops (such as rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalks, rape stalks, etc.), by-products of agricultural product processing, weeds and feces of poultry and livestock. In addition, add a certain amount of mineral elements.

Two, the formula. (Measured in 0.25 acres of planting area, 1,000 square feet of net seeding).

Original material unit quantity Original material unit quantity

Mushroom seed bottle 100 agricultural fertilizer quan 40-50

Dry rice (wheatgrass) kg 3000-3500 urea kg 20-25

Mushroom special fertilizer kg 200 lime kg 50-80

Oil withered kg 200-250 fungal membrane kg 18

Which has no Urea, available n, p, k for 15-15-15 compound 60 pounds, or n, p, k for 13-5-7 compound fertilizer 120 pounds instead.

(2), heap fermentation

1, heap time: the latest should be before September 10th. After the rice harvest, grab the sunny days in time to dry the straw, as soon as possible, as early as possible heap material.

2. The method of piling up materials: build a pile in the rice field which is decided to grow mushrooms. The pile is 2m wide, 1.5m high, and the length is not limited. Generally 100 bottles of strains can be piled about 8-9 m. Technical requirements: the straw should be dry and should not be piled with moldy straw. On the first day of piling, the straw should be fully pre-wetted, and before building the pile, the mushroom special fertilizer, oil blight, urea, etc. should be mixed evenly. Note: Urea should not be mixed with lime. When building the heap, lay the straw first and change the straw shed to disperse, then splash the manure water, and then sprinkle the ingredients (auxiliary materials). The thickness of each layer of straw is 15-20㎝, and the pile is 10-12 layers. The top of the pile is built in the shape of a ridge to prevent rainwater from entering. The edge of the material should be piled straight around, not under the big on the small or big belly and thin waist, and must be piled in a standardized way to facilitate fermentation.

3, turn the heap: composting time 22-25 days, turn the heap requirements: must be up and down the culture material, raw and cooked turn evenly, so that the inside to the outside, around the middle to turn, the upper to the lower turn, the lower to the upper turn, turn the heap straight. The first turn over the pile, turn over the pile while sprinkling lime. If the material is dry, you can melt the lime into water and throw it on the material. Pile construction specifications: The width of the pile should be narrowed by 10㎝ each time when the pile is turned over for the 1st-2nd times, and it should be widened by 10㎝ each time when it is turned over for the 3rd-4th times, and its height remains unchanged and its length is shortened. Requirement for water content of culture material: counting the number of drops of water between the fingers of an adult who squeezes a handful of straw tightly with his hand, it is about 15-20 drops at the time of heap construction, 10-15 drops at the time of the first heap turning, 5-7 drops at the time of the second heap turning, 4-5 drops at the time of the third heap turning, and 3-4 drops at the time of the fourth heap turning. Requirements for setting exhaust holes: from the third turning of the heap, two rows of exhaust holes with a spacing of 1m×0.8m and a diameter of 10㎝ should be set up in the middle of the heap in order to improve the aeration condition, facilitate fermentation, and exclude ammonia. The moisture content of the material is about 60-65% after it is piled up, and when it is held tightly in the hand, 2-4 drops of water will drip between the fingers; ⑤ The ph value is between 7.5 and 7.8.

(3) Sowing

1. Soil requirements for mushroom growing paddy. General loam, clay or loamy sandy soil is appropriate, not suitable for sandy soil.

2, build scaffolding, open compartments. The standard of building trellis: take 100 bottles of mushroom seeds as an example, you can build a shed. Shed width 10m, length 15m, can open 7-8 compartments, or build two sheds, shed width 8m, length 10m, can open 6-7 compartments. There is a walkway between each compartment, and the width of the side compartments on both sides is 50-60㎝, the width of the ridge is 10㎝, the width of the net compartment is 40-50㎝ after removing the ridge, and the width of the net compartment is 110-120㎝ in the middle compartment, and the width of the walkway is 40㎝. The height of the top of the trellis is 1.7-1.8m, and the net sowing surface is 68-70%. If only one trellis is built, no less than two vent holes (skylights) should be opened at the top of the middle of the trellis, each vent hole is 30-40cm in diameter, and the height of the vent chimney is 1.1-1.2m. the trellis is covered with special black film, and both ends are left for access and ventilation. The two ends of the greenhouse are covered with special black film, and the doors for access and ventilation are left at both ends, and a grass fan is hung to cover the light.

3, material on the bed. The fermented culture material, the day before sowing, using a clean wicker basket pick transported to have opened a good compartment, the material will be piled up into the ridge of the red camas. When sowing, the material is shaken loose, mixed well, and shaken flat, and the thickness of the culture material is 15-18㎝ under the normal loosening and tightening condition according to the width of the compartment, and the general thickness is not less than 12㎝ and not more than 20㎝. The thinner the culture material is, the lower the yield is. If the culture material is too thick, it will be wasted.

4, sowing

①Treatment of strains before sowing: the night before seeding, 75% dichlorvos should be used to fumigate the strains in the ratio of medicine: water=1:1 to prevent the contamination of the mouth of strains bottles and cotton plugs. Before pulling out the seeds, we should use potassium permanganate solution, scrub and disinfect the mouth and body of the bottle, and clean and disinfect the tools and containers used for pulling out the strains. After pulling out the strains, divide them into soybean-sized pellets, and do not rub them.

②Sowing method. According to the area of each compartment, compartment quantitative seeding, first pulled out half of the seeding, and then pulled out the other half of the seeding cover. Specific method: like sowing grain, the mushroom seed evenly spread on the material bed by compartment. Seeds should be sown evenly, after the first sowing, with a grass grill hook gently hit the bed, so that part of the strains shaken down in the second layer of culture material, and then the other half of the strains evenly sown on the surface of the bed bed sealing, and with the back of the grass grill gently pat the bed, to ensure that the bed surface is flat.

3 Covered with clean newspaper. After sowing, it is best to cover the surface of the bed with newspaper, sowing a compartment to cover a compartment, in order to facilitate the development of bacteria.

5, post-sowing management. After sowing management focus: ventilation, cooling, moisturizing, anti-microbial and replanting.

(4), mulching

1, mulching time. The principle of mastering mulching time: "material to not wait for the time, time to not wait for the material". That is, after sowing, mycelium down to eat 2/3 of the material, regardless of the length of time to cover the soil; after sowing about 10 days, no later than 15 days, regardless of the mycelium to eat the material depth or not can also cover the soil.

2, mulching method. Shovel off the topsoil on the aisle, with two layers of soil digging over cuttings fine, while digging and mulching.

3, mulching requirements. The soil is required to be coarse at the bottom and fine at the top, and the coarse soil is as small as a bean and as big as a pigeon's egg. The thickness of soil is 4-5cm. Soil dryness and humidity to water content 50-55% is appropriate, that is, "pinch flat, rub round, do not stick to hand or slightly sticky hand" is appropriate, the soil material partial dry partial wet mulch effect is not good. Soil material must be covered flat, not too thin or too thick. Mulch material using loam, sandy loam, clay, clay loam can be, remember not to use sand.

4, mulching before bed surface treatment. Covering the soil before the bed should be paved, covered with newspaper should be removed newspaper, with 2 two grams of mildew, dichlorvos 2 two, to 30 pounds of water (a back of water), in the bed of uniform spraying to exterminate the fungus, the general 100 bottles of strains of bacteria in the area of the bed of spraying a back of water can be.

5, mulch management. The focus of management is ventilation, heat preservation, moisturizing, anti-microbial. During the day, open the two ends of the film ventilation, evening off. If the temperature is high, the night may not be closed; if the temperature is low, the daytime may not uncover the film. If the soil layer is dry, can be less ventilation, more moisturizing, indeed, in case of drought days is too dry, can be sprayed with water on the bed, to keep the mulch layer moist. If the soil layer is wet, and flooding, more ventilation, less moisturizing. If the soil layer appears to be a stray fungus, can be used to spray the center of the disease clusters of Kefir to water.

(5) Mushrooming and mushroom picking

Management of mushrooming period: when mushrooming, when mycelium is twisted and pea-sized mushroom buds generally appear in mushroom beds, a small amount of water can be sprayed, and when the buds are as big as caraway beans in 1-2 days, the amount of water spraying should be increased. Generally after picking mushrooms, except for rainy days, water can be sprayed, especially on sunny days, water should be sprayed even more after picking. The technique of water spraying is very important, not more spraying, not less spraying. Specific criteria should depend on the day, watch the mushroom, watch the soil dry and wet water spraying.

Mushroom picking: the mushroom picking is not based on the size of the standard, but the age of the mushroom as the standard. Generally visible pea-sized young mushrooms to harvest time: the first 3 tides, 2-3 days can be harvested, after 4 tides, the temperature is lower, 3-5 days to harvest, after the month of January, 5-7 days to harvest. But in November when the heat, a day to pick more than twice. In short, adhere to the "pick tender not pick old, pick early not pick late" principle.

Methods of mushroom picking: the first 3 tides use the left and right rotating and twisting mushroom method, and the 4th tide uses the pulling mushroom method.

Mushroom picking: Picked mushrooms should be carried and transported lightly. While picking mushrooms, use the knife to cut off the feet of mud and cut them flat in one cut, no feet of mud should be left.