The planting time of southern lotus root and northern lotus root is different. The general planting time of southern lotus root is February; The planting time of lotus root in the north is generally in April-May.
In March and April every year, when the temperature reaches 15℃ or above, planting is started. When planting, the lotus seeds are buried in the soil, the lotus head is slightly deeper, and the tail section is slightly out of the water, showing an inclination angle of 20-30 degrees. Lotus seeds are arranged in staggered directions, with one row east and one row west, and the second row is opposite to the first row, so that lotus roots and leaves are evenly distributed; The planting row spacing is 2.0m, the plant spacing is 1.5m, and the planting depth is 10- 15cm.
2. Harvest season
Red rust lotus root is usually harvested in mid-June, 5438+10, so it is named after the rust color on the surface of lotus root. Red rust lotus root contains a lot of starch, which can be cooked or processed into lotus root powder. At the end of 10, the lotus root turns white, which is called white rust lotus root. At this time, lotus root is rich in starch, which can be stored until the next spring except for processing and cooked food. If you want to leave small lotus roots as seeds, you must harvest them after 10.
High-yield cultivation techniques of lotus root
Lotus root is an important aquatic economic plant, which is native to China and India and has been cultivated in China for 3000 years. Lotus root is planted all over China, with the largest planting area in the Yangtze River Basin and Huanghuai Basin. High-yield cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:
1. Selection and construction of lotus pond
Choose a plot with flat terrain, sufficient sunshine, sufficient water and far away from the air outlet to build a lotus pond. The soil is loose, fertile and rich in organic matter.
2. Selection of lotus seeds
Select high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant lotus root varieties suitable for local cultivation, such as Erian No.2, Erian No.4, Dawong03-12, etc. The seed lotus root should be thick, tidy, non-damaged, with 2-3 axillary buds and no disease, and grow along one side, with a single plant weighing 0.5 kg. When digging the seed lotus root, drain the field water first, then turn over the soil gently, and don't bruise or cut off the lotus root buds. What can't be planted that day should be covered with water and wet to prevent dryness.
3. Planting time and density
The planting time is from the end of March to the beginning of April. When the temperature is above 15℃, premature transplanting will not germinate, which is in danger of freezing and affects the emergence rate. The growth period of late transplanting is delayed, and the terminal bud is easy to break, which affects the maturity and the arrangement of late crops.
Row spacing 1.5-2.0m, plant spacing about 1.0m, with 2 holes per plant, and the holes are arranged in a zigzag manner. The terminal bud at the top of the seed lotus root enters the mud about 10cm, and then stays in the field. After planting, it is covered with mud and irrigated in time. If lotus root is found floating or missing after planting, it should be replanted in time.
4. Lotus field management
1) Apply base fertilizer.
Lotus root needs a large amount of fertilizer, and applying sufficient fertilizer is one of the key measures for high yield of lotus root. It needs to apply decomposed farm manure or Stanley organic fertilizer, and Stanley Sanan 22- 16- 16 compound fertilizer 50kg/ mu.
2) Top dressing in time
Topdressing as soon as possible on the basis of applying base fertilizer. When 1 vertical leaf appears, topdressing urea or Stanley Miao Wang 20 kg/mu. Lotus root fertilizer was applied in the early stage of the second lotus root, and 20kg/ mu of urea or Stanley Miaoliwang or Stanley Sanan 22- 16- 16 compound fertilizer was applied. For the third time, during the lotus root swelling period, Stanley high potassium blue 16-5-28 compound fertilizer was applied at 40 kg/mu.
3) Scientific water management
Lotus root is an aquatic plant, which should be planted according to the growth characteristics and stages of lotus root and the principle of shallow-deep-shallow.
4) intertillage weeding
After planting lotus root, the growth of moss hindered the growth of lotus root. At this time, attention should be paid to intertillage weeding. ?
5, pest control
In the prevention and control of corruption, areas where conditions permit can implement crop rotation and apply decomposed organic fertilizer. In the prevention and control of brown spot disease, reasonable close planting should be carried out to ensure ventilation and light transmission of lotus root field, appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be used to improve plant resistance, and the diseased plant residues should be removed in time. At the initial stage of the disease, 600 times of 25% carbendazim or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times of solution should be sprayed.
Disease-resistant varieties can be selected to control stripe virus disease and aphids in time, and 1.5% plant protection emulsion 1000 times can be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease. For the prevention and control of Fusarium wilt of lotus leaf, it is necessary to keep the lotus field clean and prevent the lotus field from being polluted by oil. Sewage and soapy water can also make the lotus leaf wither and die.
Lotus root is very sensitive to herbicides, so don't use herbicides in lotus root fields. Common pests are aphids, Spodoptera litura and water maggots. Aphids can spray 800- 1, 000 times of 90% trichlorfon or 2000 times of 40% dimethoate. Water maggots suck the juice of lotus roots, stems and leaves, which leads to the yellowing of lotus leaves. Once it is found that it can be killed by lime, the dosage is 10- 15kg/ mu.
6. Harvest and storage
When the terminal leaves appear and the back of the leaves is reddish, it means that the lotus root is mature. Drain the pool water before harvesting, and dig it with a shovel below the straight line where the back leaves and top leaves are located.