Children often do this when the weather is hot and the seasons are changing. They have a high fever. Injections and medicines for Xiaobao are only temporarily cooled down. After the drug effect passes, the child's temperature will grow again. Often, the high fever will last for two to three days. During this period of time, you should give the child medicine on time, and it is best not to inject it, because the child is too young. Then wipe his whole body with alcohol cotton, put it under his armpit and take less anti-inflammatory drugs. It should be all right in a day or two because of inflammation.

There is a thermoregulation center in the hypothalamus of human body, which acts like the temperature setting of air conditioner. In normal times, the temperature set by infants is slightly higher than that of adults, and the anal temperature of infants is about 37.5 degrees Celsius, with a fluctuation of about one degree. The oral temperature of adults and older children is about 36.8 degrees Celsius, with a fluctuation of 0.5 degrees.

If the set temperature is raised, for example, the human body is infected with pathogens, which will cause leukocyte reaction and produce "pyrogen", it will stimulate the thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus. When the set temperature is adjusted to 39℃, the body will contract and produce heat through muscle trembling, or reduce sweating and heat dissipation, and raise the body temperature to 39℃. Therefore, before a fever, you may have chills and chills, and then suddenly have a high fever and produce some bacterial toxins. This phenomenon is particularly obvious.

Many parents have also observed that children are prone to high fever at night. This is because the proportion of water in infants' bodies is higher than that in adults. As long as there is slight water shortage, it will affect heat dissipation and be prone to fever. When a child is ill, his physical strength deteriorates and he sleeps for a long time. Without eating or drinking water for a long time at night, of course, the body temperature rises.

1, factors causing fever

Non-disease factors

Infant's body temperature is easily influenced by external environment: too high temperature (heatstroke), too much clothes, insufficient water intake, water loss (sweating and diarrhea), poor air circulation in the room, before and after strenuous exercise, some special drugs, and others such as preventive injections may also cause fever. If the body temperature is unstable, the possibility of disease should be considered.

Disease factors

Infants younger than 3 months have a fever.

Bacterial infection is the most common (such as Streptococcus B); Others such as respiratory tract, urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract infection or otitis media can also cause fever. The most serious infectious disease is septicemia. Therefore, when a newborn has a fever, it must be taken to a doctor for early diagnosis and early treatment.

Infants older than 3 months have fever.

The most common are colds, otitis media and urinary tract infections. Otitis media is usually infected by cold bacteria or viruses from the eustachian tube to the middle ear. Except for severe otitis media, pus can be seen flowing to the ear, and most of them can't be seen from the outside.

In addition, when children have unexplained fever, urine test is also very important Older children may have frequent urination, painful urination and even urinary incontinence and low back pain when they are infected with urinary tract. Small babies may only have anorexia, vomit milk, diarrhea, jaundice and other phenomena, and can't see the symptoms of urinary tract, so it is very easy to be misdiagnosed. A small number of urinary tract infections are caused by congenital malformations of urinary organs, such as the wrong shape of kidneys and the wrong angle of ureter entering bladder, which require surgical treatment.

Second, what's the temperature?

Children's body temperature is normal at 36.2℃ ~ 38℃. General definition: The anal temperature is higher than 37.8℃, the oral temperature is higher than 37.3℃, and the axillary temperature is higher than 36.8℃. Nowadays, there are more opportunities to use ear thermometer. The temperature measured by ear thermometer is close to the anal temperature, which is called "core temperature".

Third, how to measure your temperature correctly?

1. It is better to measure the axillary temperature than the anal temperature: because the anal temperature must be inserted into the anus, it is more irritating to the baby, while the axillary temperature is milder.

2. Mercury thermometers or ear temperature guns are suitable for babies under three years old: the accuracy and safety of ear temperature guns have been affirmed by the medical community; Mercury thermometer is more accurate than electronic thermometer.

3. Throw the mercury column below 36℃ before use: the temperature measured in this way is accurate.

4. Need to measure enough time: if the axillary temperature needs to be measured for more than 5 minutes, the anal temperature only needs 1 minute.

5. The anal surface should be lubricated first: before measuring the anal temperature, it is necessary to apply lubricating paste on the anal surface and then insert it into the anus for 2 cm.

6. Do not take your temperature immediately after bathing, eating and exercising: it takes half an hour to take your temperature after bathing; After eating hot food, just coming in from the outside or exercising on a hot day, the body temperature is between 38 ~ 38.5℃, so you should rest for half an hour before measuring it. It is not appropriate to diagnose a fever suddenly.

Fourth, should the fever go down as soon as it comes?

A fever is a warning signal, which informs you that a certain part of your body is sick; However, fever itself will not harm children, so whether it is necessary to reduce fever has long been controversial. Scholars who advocate no need to reduce fever diagnose that fever is a normal immune response that can help white blood cells fight bacteria. Analyzing the form of fever can help diagnose the cause, but blindly reducing fever is misleading. In addition, fever itself also helps to sterilize and enhance resistance, so there is no need to rush to reduce fever if it is not too high.

However, most doctors are in favor of moderate fever reduction. Because fever will increase metabolism, resulting in internal consumption, patients have headaches, burnout, and rapid heartbeat. Infants and young children are prone to dehydration, and fever causes water evaporation, which is a vicious circle. The proportion of infantile febrile convulsions is high, so it is unnecessary to let fever cause injury.

Fifth, how to help your baby reduce fever by yourself?

When the baby's body temperature reaches the above-mentioned fever temperature, the following mild (physical) antipyretic methods can make the baby feel more comfortable:

1. Cold compress method: This method is simple and easy. Apply a cold towel to the forehead, soak the towel in cold water after it gets hot, and then reapply it. It is better to apply a cold water bag or an ice pack than to apply a cold towel to the forehead.

2. Whole body warm water wiping bath or bathing: untie the baby's clothes and rub the whole body or bathing with warm water (about 37℃) towel, which can dilate the blood vessels of the baby's skin and release the body gas; In addition, when water vapor evaporates from the body surface, it will also absorb body heat.

Take a bath every time for about10 ~15 minutes, once every 4 ~ 6 hours.

3. Warm alcohol wiping bath: In alcohol wiping bath, 70% alcohol is mixed with tap water11,or 75% alcohol is mixed with water 1/2, or Erguotou wine can be mixed with water 1/4, and put in a small bowl. When taking a bath, close the doors and windows, dip the alcohol in the bowl with gauze or soft towel, and wipe the palms, soles, armpits, inner sides of upper arms, chest and thigh roots of children. The diluted water temperature is about 37 ~ 40℃, and then wipe the limbs and back; If you wipe it directly with alcohol, it will make children feel very cold, uncomfortable and even twitch.

After wiping, you can cover your body with a bath towel, wait for 5 ~10 minutes, when the alcohol evaporates almost, and when the blood in your body circulates to the surface of your body and makes your skin hot, you can repeat it for the second time, and if you repeat it for about three times, the temperature inside and outside your body can drop rapidly. Because of the rapid fever reduction, this method is suitable for children over 1 year-old, and high fever over 40℃ is not easy to get rid of.

4. Wipe with a cool towel: wipe your forehead and face with a slightly cool towel (about 25 degrees).

5. Drink plenty of water: it helps to sweat. In addition, water has the function of regulating temperature, which can reduce body temperature and replenish water lost in the body.

6. Use cold water pillow: cold water pillow can be used when the anal temperature is above 38℃, which uses lower temperature for local heat dissipation. Nowadays, the soft cold water pillow on the market is very convenient, and the coldness is not too cold, so it is suitable for older children and children.

However, it is not recommended for infants under 6 months, because infants are not easy to turn their bodies, which may lead to local supercooling and frostbite or hypothermia.

7. Appropriate increase or decrease of clothing: If the baby's limbs are cold and shivering (chills), it means that it needs to be warm, so it should be covered with a blanket; If the limbs, hands and feet are warm and the whole body is sweating, it means that heat needs to be dissipated and you can wear less clothes.

Sixth, how to use antipyretics correctly?

There are many kinds of antipyretics, which are usually taken only when the body temperature reaches above 38.5℃, and the interval between taking medicines must be 4 ~ 6 hours. The antipyretic comprises aqua, lozenge, suppository and injection;

1. aqua: It is mild and safe, and the most commonly used are acetaminophen syrup and Ibuprofen syrup.

2. Lozenges: Aspirin lozenges have a good antipyretic effect, but some specific viral infections, such as chicken pox or flu, may cause Raynaud's syndrome, so they are almost no longer used at present. If you eat more antipyretic tablets such as propranolol, it may also cause liver function problems. Generally, the safe dose should not exceed 150 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.

3. Suppository: used to plug anus, absorbed by rectum, with quick effect. When children refuse to take medicine, it can also reduce fever, which is very convenient, but it should be used less frequently. Because of intensive use, it is easy to reduce fever too much, which makes the body temperature drop too fast, or repeatedly stimulates anus, causing diarrhea. Excessive use of suppository also causes cases of gastric ulcer.

4. Injection: Antipyretic injection is the most unsafe method, and some children may even go into anaphylactic shock. However, at present, there is no allergy test for antipyretic needles, so unless oral antipyretic drugs (such as severe vomiting or fasting) cannot be used and anal plugs (such as severe diarrhea) cannot be used, the fever cannot be reduced by all means, and the last step will be to consider taking antipyretic needles.

Seventh, can a fever burn your head?

When a baby has a fever, the reason why parents are anxious is nothing more than the existence of a traditional concept that a child with a fever will burn his brain. In fact, a high fever itself will not make the brain worse and the intelligence worse. In the past, there was such a misunderstanding because people did not clearly distinguish the reasons behind a high fever.

In fact, only diseases such as encephalitis and meningitis, in which the brain itself is destroyed by viruses, will damage the intelligence or sensory function, instead of burning people stupid and deaf with fever. The stability of infant's body temperature control center is not as good as that of adults, and mild viral infection may lead to a high fever of 40℃, so parents need not be too alarmed.

According to statistics, no matter what causes the fever, the body temperature rarely exceeds 4 1℃. If it exceeds this temperature, the possibility of bacterial meningitis or septicemia is relatively high, so we should be especially vigilant. As for the high temperature limit that brain cells can tolerate, it is 4 1.6℃. Beyond this limit, protein of brain cells will deteriorate due to high temperature, causing irreparable damage, but this extreme high temperature rarely accompanies diseases.

Fever itself is not terrible, it is important to find the cause and treat the symptoms. Generally, a cold often has a fever for 2 ~ 4 days. If you have good activity and eat normally, you don't have to worry too much. However, attention should be paid to whether the infection has worsened or complications have occurred, such as crying, poor activity, persistent high fever, refusal to eat, convulsions, etc. Infants should see a doctor as soon as possible.

Usually, viral infection will be cured without antibiotics, and doctors should not be asked to prescribe antibiotics voluntarily, because it will easily lead to the derivation of drug-resistant strains. Once recommended by the doctor, the indications and time of use should be carefully discussed.