Alias Guanzhong, Mianma, Pheasant Bladder, Niu Mao Huang.
Source The rhizome and petiole base of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai, Mianma scaly fern (thick-stemmed scaly fern), family Scaly fern.
Plant Form Perennial herb, up to 1 M. The rhizome is thick, densely covered with large brownish-brown ovate-lanceolate scales along with the base of the petiole. Leaves clustered, petiole 10-25cm long; bipinnatisect, pinnae 20-30 pairs, lobes dense, rectangular-rounded, rounded, several entire or apex obtusely serrate, yellow-brown scales on both surfaces and on the leaf rachis. Sporangia are awarded on the pinnae above the middle of the leaf blade, born below the middle of the veinlets, 1 to 4 pairs per lobe, the cap of the sporangia is rounded-reniform, brown.
Born in forested wetlands. Mainly produced in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning.
Harvesting Spring and fall digging, cut off the ground part, sun-dried.
Traits The product is conical, pineapple-like, 10-20cm long, the surface is densely covered with neat petiole base and yellow-brown membranous scales. Petiole base is flat cylindrical, slightly curved. The surface is brownish black, slightly glossy, with irregular longitudinal ridges; the transverse section is round or semiorbicular, light brown, with 5-13 tiny vascular bundles near the edge, annular. Rootstock diameter 1 ~ 2cm, light brown, transverse section with large yellow-white vascular bundles 5 ~ 13, annular column. Gas specific, taste slightly astringent, bitter.
Chemical composition Contains filmarone, which is decomposed to produce: filicicacid BBB, PBB, PBP, flavaspidic acid BB, PB, AB; albaspidin AA, BB, PB and so on.
Taste and odor Slightly cold in nature, bitter in taste; slightly poisonous.
Functions and Indications Clearing heat and removing toxins, expelling worms and stopping bleeding. It is used for preventing influenza, abdominal pain of worm accumulation, and disintegration (with charcoal).
Attributes to the liver and stomach meridians.
Effects and Indications Expelling worms, clearing heat and removing toxins
Application
1. It is used for a variety of intestinal parasitic diseases. Guanzhong can kill hookworms, tapeworms, roundworms, pinworms, the "Classic" said: "to kill the three worms". But the single force is thin, more and other insecticidal drugs with, in order to enhance the efficacy. Treatment of hookworm disease, often used with Cephalotaxus, betel nut and so on. If the treatment of tapeworm disease, can be made into pills with betel nut, Lei pill to take. For the treatment of roundworms and abdominal pain, it is often used together with the root bark of neem and the root bark of neem. Pinworms, can be used alone decoction, wash around the anus at bedtime; or with the crane lice, neem bark and so on.
2. For wind-heat colds, warm spots, mumps. This product is bitter and cold, clearing heat and detoxification work is quite good, can clear the gas and blood heat and toxin. Prevention and treatment of influenza, can be used alone decoction; or with mulberry leaves, chrysanthemums, etc.; if the treatment of warm-heat disease blood fever spot, often with the big green leaves, comfrey, such as the birthplace, in order to enhance the clearing of heat and detoxification, cool the blood of the effect of spotting; if the treatment of mumps swelling, often with honeysuckle, forsythia, and so on. In addition, it can also be used for the prevention and treatment of mumps, measles, epidemic encephalitis B and other infectious diseases.
3. It is used for epistaxis, hematemesis, hematemesis, hematochezia, and leakage caused by blood heat. The charcoal of Guanzhong has the function of cooling the blood and stopping bleeding, especially good for treating bleeding from leakage. It is often used alone in treating hemorrhagic discharges or with diyu. If it is used to treat bleeding caused by Qi not taking in blood, it is used with Astragalus, Angelica sinensis and Colla Corii Asini to benefit Qi taking in blood and stop bleeding. If treating epistaxis or hematemesis, it can be combined with Rhizoma Coptidis to be taken in bulk; or with Radix et Rhizoma Cyperi, Rhizoma Citri Root, etc. It is also used to treat hematemesis.
Use and Dosage Decoction: 4.5~9 g. It is recommended to be used in raw form for killing worms, clearing heat and removing toxins, and in fried charcoal form for stopping bleeding.
Note: It is bitter and cold, and should not be used by people with cold spleen and stomach, and should not be used by pregnant women. The thick-stemmed scaly fern is poisonous, the dosage should not be too large.
Modern research
Composition: The rough-stemmed scaly fern mainly contains myristic acid, yellow myristic acid, white myristic acid, northeastern myristic acid, isoprenoid adenosine and so on. It also contains triterpene components: libetene, 9 (11) - amnioidene, ferruginous fern ketone, 29 - hepaticol, libetenol and geodene, etc..
Pharmacology: Mianma Guanzhong decoction has inhibitory effect on all types of influenza virus; it also has different degrees of inhibitory effect on typhoid fever bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Mianma acid and yellow Mianma acid have strong toxicity to tapeworms and paralyze their bodies, while having strong anthelmintic effect. Mianma guanzhong extract can cause tonic contraction of the uterus, and intraperitoneal injection has an inhibitory effect on cervical cancer U14, sarcoma S180, brain tumor B22 and ARS ascites type.
Toxic reactions and side effects Omphalosporin has strong stimulating effect on the mucous membrane of gastrointestinal tract, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and blood in stool. Pregnant women can cause miscarriage. Excessive oral intake can cause dysfunction of the central nervous system, or even death due to central paralysis. There is also some damage to the heart and liver.
Mian Ma Guanzhong
Guanzhong is a more commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, and the commercial Guanzhong is the dried rhizome with petiole base of ferns. According to statistics, there are 31 species of its original plants in 5 families, among which there are mainly bulbous ferns in the family of Scaly Ferns (Mianma Guanzhong), podocarpus ferns in the family of Bulbous Ferns (Podocarpus guanzhong), purple stalks in the family of Zizyphus (Zizyphus guanzhong), and buds of dog's spine ferns in the family of Urticaceae (Dogspine Guanzhong), and other ferns in the family of Umbelliferae (Dogspine Guanzhong). [Herbs, Production and Marketing] Rhizoma Dryopteris crassirhizomae is mainly produced in the mountainous areas of Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning Provinces. It is sold in the northeastern provinces, Beijing, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Gansu. [History] It was first recorded in Shennong's Classic of the Materia Medica (神农本草经), and has been recorded in the herbs of all generations. Li Shizhen said: "The leaves of this grass resemble phoenix tail, its root is a book and many branches are connected to it, so the grass is called phoenix tail grass, and the root is called kanzhong". Han Baosheng said: "seedling like a dog's spine, like a pheasant's tail, the root is straight and multi-branched, the skin is black and flesh is red, and the curved one is like a grass scops owl". Su Song said: "spring red seedlings, leaves as large as ferns, stem three-pronged, green leaves like chicken plume, also known as phoenix-tailed grass, its roots purple-black, shaped like a dog's paw, under the black beard hair. Also like the old scops owl." Li Shizhen said: "a number of roots clustered; a number of stems, stems as large as a tendon, its saliva smooth; its leaves two and two pairs, such as the leaves of the dog's spine without serration, greenish-yellow, face deep back shallow; its roots curved and have a sharp beak, black beard clusters, also like the dog's spine root and large, like the scops owl". According to the above text, it is difficult to determine what kind of fern is referred to, but according to the "evidence of the class of Materia Medica" of the accompanying picture, it seems to be the scaly fern genus (Dryopteris) or similar plants, the "Materia Medica Compendium" of the Guanzhong figure is quite similar to the dog's spine genus (Woodwardia) plants, and the "botanical names and facts of the Guanzhong picture is Cyrtomium fortunei J. Sm, but the latter is now almost no longer available, but the latter is not a good example. Sm, but the latter is hardly used for Guanzhong at present. Therefore, the first edition of Chinese Medicine Zhi (《中藥志》) contained four kinds of Guanzhong according to the actual investigation at that time, namely, Northeast Guanzhong, Hoofcap Fern Guanzhong, Dog's Spine Guanzhong and Purple Stalk Guanzhong. The Chinese People's **** and National Pharmacopoeia 1977 edition contains two kinds of Guanzhong: Mianma Guanzhong (i.e., Northeast Guanzhong) and Purple Beanstalk Guanzhong. According to the field survey, four species of Guanzhong are included: Mianma Guanzhong, Ziqi Guanzhong, Dog ridge Guanzhong and Podocarpus Guanzhong, and the remaining species are listed in the notes. [Proto-Plant] Rough-stemmed Scaly Fern Alias: Guanzhong, Wild Chicken Bladder, Niu Mao Guang (NE). Dryopteris ceassirhizoma Nakai - Scaly hairy fern Dryopteridaceae Perennial, 50-100 cm tall. rhizome thick, tuberous, oblique, with many hard petiole stumps and black rootlets, densely covered with rust-colored or dark brown large scales. Leaves are clustered at the top of the rhizome, long-petiolate, blade broadly oblanceolate, 60-100 cm long, widest at the middle and slightly above about 25 cm, 2-pinnatisect or parted, ± covered with brown scales on the mid-axis and veins; pinnae 20-30 pairs, opposite or subopposite, sessile, lanceolate, pinnae parted again, the lobules densely interconnecting, oblong subentire or apex obtusely serrate; dark green above, light green below. Sporophylls homomorphic with nutritive leaves; spore clusters inserted on pinnae above the middle of the leaf, below the middle of the abaxial leaf veinlets, with reniform or rounded-reniform caps. Born in forest swamps and wetlands. It is distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei and Inner Mongolia. [Harvested in spring and autumn, cut off the petiole and fibrous roots, remove the soil, cut in half or whole, and dried in the sun. [Chemical constituents] The rhizomes contain myristic acids, including myristic acid BBB (Filicic acid BBB), myristic acid PBB (Filic acid PBB), myristic acid PBP (Filicic acid PBP), etc.; Flavaspidic acids, including flavaspidic acid BB (Flavaspidic acid BB), flavaspidic acid BB (Flavaspidic acid BB), flavaspidic acid BB (Flavaspidic acid BB), flavaspidic acid BB (Flavaspidic acid BB), flavaspidic acid BB (Flavaspidic acid BB), flavaspidic acid BB (Flavaspidic acid BB), flavaspidic acid BB (Flavaspidic acid BB). acids (Flavaspidic acids), including Flavaspidic acid BB, Flavaspidic acid PB, Flavaspidic acid AB, and traces of Albaspidin, Dryocrassin; in addition, there are also lambda triterpenes (9(11)-Fernene), Diploptene (Diploptene), and other substances that can be found in the plant. Diploptene), tannin, volatile oil, resin and so on. The leaves contain Dryocassol and Dryocrassyl acetate.
[Herb Identification]
Trait Identification
The whole is long obovate, slightly curved, the upper end is obtuse rounded or truncated, the lower end is more pointed; some longitudinal cut into two halves, about 10-20 cm long, 5-8 cm in diameter, the surface of the yellowish-brown to blackish-brown, densely arranged tightly petiole base and scales, and there are curved fibrous roots. The petiole base is flat cylindrical, slightly curved, hard, brown on the fracture surface, with 5-13 yellowish-white dots. Ring-like arrangement. Strip off the petiole base, visible rhizome. The texture is hard, the cut surface is dark green to brown, with 5 to 13 yellowish-white oblong dots. The odor is peculiar, the taste is light and slightly astringent at first, then gradually bitter and pungent. Large, firm, petiole base brown-green cross-section is preferred. Microscopic identification of rhizomes (2cm in diameter) in cross section: the outer part is several rows of thick-walled cells, brownish yellow. There are 5 to 13 split middle columns in the basic tissue, oblong or elliptic, slightly curved outward, arranged in a ring, and most of the smaller split middle columns leading to the leaves (leaf traces of vascular bundles) are scattered on the outside of them. The meristematic mesostyle encloses the endodermis, with obvious Kjeldahl dots, and the xylem tubular cells are polygonal, mostly trapezoidal, and surrounded by phloem. Thin-walled cells contain starch grains and yellowish-brown material, with interstitial glandular hairs in the cell interstices (see figure). Transverse section of the petiole base (1.1cm in diameter): the split median column is rounded or ellipsoid, 5 to 13, the structure is the same as the rhizome; there are also interstitial glandular hairs.
Physical and chemical identification Thin Layer Chromatography Sample Preparation: Take 3g of the powder, add 30ml of water, heat and extract for 30 minutes, filter. The filtrate is acidified with hydrochloric acid, and then extracted with ether three times, 5ml each time, combined with the ether solution, concentrated to dryness, and add 2ml of chloroform for spotting. Adsorbent: silica gel G (Shanghai Fluorescent Chemical Factory) spread plate, 105% activation for 1 hour. Spreading agent: chloroform-propanol-glacial acetic acid (80:20:2.5), spreading distance 13cm. Spreading distance: 13cm. color developer: first spray (1) newly prepared 0.5% solution of Fast Blue B Salt. Then spray (2) 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution.
[Flavor and efficacy] Bitter, cold, with a small poison. It has the function of driving away worms, stopping bleeding, clearing heat and detoxification. It is used for insect accumulation and abdominal pain, fever and sores, mumps and swelling, leakage and prevention of influenza. The dosage is 4.5g~9g. It is used to expel worms, clear away heat and detoxify the toxin in raw form; and used to stop bleeding by stirring charcoal. [Pharmacological effects and clinical applications] 1. Mianma Guanzhong has strong toxicity to tapeworms, can make the tapeworm muscle paralysis, detach from the intestinal wall, and show the effect of deworming. 2. Mianma acid magnesium salt (Mg-filicin; Filicin 105g plus Mgo 70g) than the crude extract of oleoresin anthelmintic effect is 5-7 times stronger, the toxicity is also 2 times greater. Daily gavage of 40 mg/kg in dogs can cause spermatogonial cell mutation, diarrhea and emaciation; if the drug is increased to 40-80 mg/kg, after 10-15 days of administration, the dog is blinded due to damage to the optic nerve, and damage to the white matter of the brain occurs, and liver function can still be normal. 3. Changchun City Health School Pharmaceutical Factory test showed that the ether extract of this product on the rabbit and guinea pig isolated uterus has a strong contraction effect, the administration of 0.8 ml (equivalent to the raw drug 50mg/ml) can make the uterus contraction frequency and tension are increased, the amplitude decreases, the amount of the drug increased to 1.3 ml, the uterus can be made to straighten the contraction. 4. The decoction of this product with test tube dilution method (1:800~1:160) has different degrees of effect on various types of influenza virus. 5. Concentrated tablets of decoction of leaves of the thick-stemmed scaly fern are used for chronic bronchitis, with antitussive, expectorant and anti-inflammatory effects. [Note] There are also a number of regional uses of "Guanzhong": European Scaly Fern Dryopteris filix-mas Schott (Xinjiang), Broad-scaled Scaly Fern D. championii (Benth.) C. chr. Ex Ching (Hunan), Dark-scaled Scaly Fern D. Atrata (Will.) Ching (Pingbian and Gongshan, Yunnan), Liaodong Scaly Fern D. Atrata (Will.) Ching (Pingbian and Gongshan, Yunnan), and Liaodong Scaly Fern D. Atrata (Will.) Ching (Pingbian, Gongshan). , Liaodong Scaly Hair Fern D. Peninsulae Kitag. (Hunan, Henan, Shandong), Pair of Horse Ear Ferns Polystichum tsus-simense (Hook.) J. Sm. (Henan), Long-tailed Compound Leaf Ear Fern Arachniodes simplicior (Makino) Ohwi (Hunan).
Toxic reactions and side effects Omphalosporic acid has a strong stimulating effect on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract, which can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and blood in the stool. Pregnant women can cause miscarriage. Excessive oral intake can cause dysfunction of the central nervous system, or even death due to central paralysis. There is also some damage to the heart and liver.
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