I. The principle of treatment is to reduce intracranial pressure and control cerebral edema to prevent the formation of cerebral hernia, and to reduce the increased blood pressure to prevent further bleeding. Second, conventional treatment (a) general treatment; ① keep quiet, absolute bedridden, should be in the local rescue, should not be long-distance transportation and too much moving, so as not to aggravate the bleeding; ② keep the airway open, ready to suction oral secretions or vomit. Appropriate oxygen administration, intermittent suction is appropriate; ③ Maintain nutritional and water electrolyte balance. (ii) control cerebral edema, reduce intracranial pressure; (iii) control hypertension, reduce the increased blood pressure is an important measure to prevent further bleeding, but should not lower the blood pressure too low to prevent insufficient blood supply. (d) Hemostatic drugs and coagulants are not effective for cerebral hemorrhage, but can be used when combined with gastrointestinal bleeding or coagulation disorders; (e) Preventing and treating complications. Seriously ill patients should especially strengthen basic nursing care, gently change the body position at regular intervals, pay attention to dry and clean skin, and prevent decubitus ulcers. Dry and clean skin, prevent bedsores and lung infections, paralyzed limbs should be kept in a functional position, massage and passive movement to prevent joint contractures; III. Surgical treatment IV. Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage therapy with treatment, treatment and rehabilitation have a certain effect. Prevention Hypertensive patients should control their blood pressure under the guidance of their physicians and avoid factors that may induce an increase in blood pressure, such as drastic changes, full meals, strenuous activities, forceful defecation, and sexual intercourse. The occurrence of severe posterior headache or neck pain, motor sensory impairment, vertigo or syncope, nosebleed, blurred vision, etc. may be the precursor of cerebral hemorrhage, and should be examined in the hospital in a timely manner. The dosage and usage of the above medications should be in accordance with the doctor's prescription. Most of them are caused by rupture of small arterial lesions in the brain associated with hypertension when the blood pressure rises suddenly, which is called hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage What should I do if I have a cerebral hemorrhage? Cerebral hemorrhage is a common disease among middle-aged and old people, which is caused by a sudden rise in blood pressure, resulting in the rupture of microvessels in the brain and bleeding. At the site of the bleeding foci, blood can directly compress the brain tissue, causing cerebral edema to occur around it, and in severe cases, it will lead to cerebral displacement and cerebral hernia. Typical manifestations of cerebral hemorrhage include sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis of side limbs, in which the patient will fall down without any precaution or the objects in his hand will fall to the ground suddenly; at the same time, the patient will also have crooked corners of the mouth, drooling, slurred speech or aphasia, and some of them will have headache, vomiting, blurring of vision, impaired consciousness, and urinary or fecal incontinence, and other phenomena. After cerebral hemorrhage, family members should provide emergency care. 1. Keep the patient calm and lie him/her down immediately. Do not rush the patient to the hospital to avoid road shock, and tilt his head to one side to prevent sputum and vomit from being inhaled into the trachea. 2. Loosen the patient's collar and belt quickly, keep the air circulating in the room, pay attention to keep warm when it is cold, and pay attention to cool down when it is hot. 3. If the patient is unconscious and snores strongly, it means that the root of the tongue has fallen, so the patient's tongue can be wrapped in a handkerchief or gauze and gently pulled outward. 4. Cold towels can be used to cover the patient's head, because blood vessels contract when cold, which can reduce the amount of bleeding. 5. When the patient is incontinent, it should be handled on the spot, and the patient's body should not be moved arbitrarily to prevent cerebral hemorrhage from aggravating. 6. When the patient's condition is stabilized and sent to the hospital, the vehicle should be driven as smoothly as possible to reduce the bumps and vibrations; at the same time, the patient's head should be lifted up slightly to keep a 20-degree angle with the ground and pay attention to the change of condition at any time. Cerebral infarction cerebral hemorrhage First of all, you need to rest in bed, have an optimistic and cheerful mentality, have full confidence in the recovery of the disease, and work closely with us for active treatment and early recovery. Some patients may have one or both sides of the arms and legs can not move, weakness, or temporary speech, may have some influence in the future life, you have to have a correct understanding of their own disease, as long as the early control of medication, a variety of functional exercises and language rehabilitation training (such as counting, looking at the picture to speak, etc.), and persistent, which is the paralyzed arms and legs and language function of the rehabilitation of a positive role. Diet for high protein, high vitamin, low fat light and easy to digest nutrient-rich food, such as fish, soybean products, grains, soybeans, etc., avoid spicy stimulation, greasy food (such as strong tea, coffee, deep-fried food), more vegetables, fruits, to maintain smooth bowel movement. If there is facial muscle paralysis, can enter the semi-fluid, such as milk paste, porridge, feeding to the healthy side (without facial paralysis) delivery of food, feeding speed should be slow, to avoid the patient choking and coughing, resulting in choking. If the patient's condition is critical and swallowing is difficult, the doctor will insert a gastric tube and give him/her nasal fluids to ensure nutritional supply. Patients because the limbs affected by the disease appeared to feel cold and hot stimuli, so remind the family forbidden to use hot water bags and other warming appliances to help warm up when it is cold. Otherwise, it will cause serious consequences such as burns. The patient's limb activity is unfavorable with incontinence, pay attention to the protection of the skin, clean the perineal skin after each stool, keep it dry, can be appropriately coated with talcum powder, every two hours the nurse will give the patient to turn over, patting the back, to avoid paralyzed limbs of the skin for a long time under pressure necrosis, the occurrence of decubitus ulcers. 1~2 weeks after the onset of the disease, the condition is basically stabilized, can be carried out as early as possible for the affected limbs functional exercise, three times a day, each time ranging from 10~20 times, massage, passive activities, can prevent adhesion of joints, muscle atrophy. Later, the number of exercises can be increased to help early recovery. Exercise method: at the beginning, do deep breathing and simple active movement, focusing on the stretching movement of the hemiplegic side of the arms and legs: shoulder abduction, upper limb stretching, lower limb bending. Maintain the functional position of the limbs with pillows and wooden frames to prevent deformities such as flexion of the upper limbs and foot drop. Gradually increase the sitting, standing, walking exercises, walking with correct gait, going up and down stairs. Pay attention to strengthen protection to prevent accidents such as falls. After the initial recovery of upper limb function, focus on climbing walls, grasping and putting objects, coiling walnuts and other exercises, and strengthen the self-care ability to practice: eating, grooming, dressing and undressing, and so on. If the situation improves further, labor therapy such as writing, knitting, gardening, etc. can be carried out. How to communicate with aphasic patients? 1). Speak in short, clear sentences, slower than normal. 2). Encourage speech, do not force it. Use simple and direct questions so that the patient can answer "yes" or "no". 3). For those with severe communication problems, use gestures and facial expressions to express your opinion, and encourage the patient to use gestures to communicate. 4). Whenever you talk to a patient, give him enough time to think and organize his speech. 5). Talk to the patient using names and terms that are familiar to him. What is a cerebral hemorrhage? In medical terms, it is the exclusion of traumatic brain hemorrhage, of which high blood pressure is the most common trigger. A cerebral hemorrhage may occur if a person has a sudden severe headache, dizziness with nausea and vomiting, poor movement of the arms and legs, or a sudden inability to speak, confusion, incontinence, and elevated blood pressure. Health education 1. Patients need a quiet and comfortable environment, especially within 2 weeks of the onset of the disease, should minimize visits, maintain calm and stable mood, avoid all kinds of adverse emotional effects. 2. Absolute bed rest for 2 weeks, the head can be gently turned to the right and left, should avoid excessive moving or elevating the head, limbs can be turned in bed to a small extent, once every 2 hours, do not have to be overly nervous. Urination and defecation should be done in bed, and the patient should not get out of bed to relieve himself, in order to prevent the accidental occurrence of bleeding again. 3. Some patients may have symptoms of restlessness and agitation. For such patients, we will take protective measures such as restraining belts and bed stalls to prevent unnecessary accidents such as removing infusion tubes or gastric tubes by themselves or falling out of bed. Some family members may be reluctant to do so, and we understand their feelings. Once the condition is stabilized and no longer irritable, we will immediately withdraw the restraint of the torso, but the bed gear still needs to be guarded at all times, especially for patients with air mattress beds, to prevent falling out of bed. I hope you can cooperate. 4. Different degrees of headache will also occur during the course of the disease, such as head swelling, pinprick pain, severe pain and so on, which is the most common symptom. We will provide reasonable treatment. As the condition improves, the headache will gradually disappear, so you do not need to be overly nervous and learn to distract your attention. If you still feel the pain is so severe that you cannot tolerate it during the treatment, please inform us in time so that the doctor can take more effective treatment. 5. Elderly patients, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular aging, high degree of brittleness, seasonal changes are easy to induce disease. Long-term bed-ridden patients are prone to lung infection, and sputum is not easy to be coughed up. Medicines can be used to expectorate sputum, and to strengthen turning over and patting the back, so that sputum can be loosened and coughed up to alleviate lung infection. Those who are unable to cough up sputum, take suction measures, hope to cooperate. 6. Long-term bed rest, skin pressure for more than 2 hours, easy to occur bedsores, should strengthen the turning. Massage the pressure place, keep the skin clean and dry. Place the limbs in functional positions to prevent deformity. 7. Diet: nutritious, low-fat, light and soft food, such as eggs, soy products. For those who have difficulty in eating, head can be tilted to one side, feed slowly, avoid talking, prevent choking and suffocation. 8. Keep the bowel clear, can eat bananas, honey, more water, strengthen the moderate turning, massage the abdomen, reduce constipation. Patients who have not defecated for several days or defecation is not smooth, can be used to induce defecation by slow excretory agent. It is forbidden to hold the breath for defecation to prevent another cerebral hemorrhage. 9. During the recovery period, the head of the bed should be shaken up 10~15○ according to the doctor's instruction, and then gradually shaken up to semi-recumbent position according to the degree of tolerance and adaptation, ranging from 30 minutes to 1~2 hours per day. 10. Hypertension is a common cause of this disease. Taking antihypertensive drugs should be on time and quantitatively, do not arbitrarily increase or decrease the dosage of drugs, to prevent sudden rise and fall of blood pressure, aggravating the condition. 11. After discharge from the hospital, regular outpatient follow-up should be conducted to monitor the blood pressure and blood lipids, and appropriate physical activities such as walking and tai chi should be carried out. Diet for patients with cerebral hemorrhage In addition to medication, reasonable diet also plays an important role in recovery. If the condition of stroke patients has been stabilized, but there are different degrees of consciousness impairment, dysphagia, nasal diet should be used, the easily digestible liquid diet, such as thick rice soup, soy milk, milk, fresh vegetable juice, fruit juice, etc., or 5-6 times into the mixed milk 1000-2000 ml, the food should not be too hot or too cold, to 37 ℃ -39 ℃ is appropriate. The food should not be too hot or too cold, 37℃-39℃ is appropriate. The raw materials required for the preparation of mixed milk are 600 ml of fresh milk, 350 ml of thick rice soup, 2 eggs, 50 grams of sugar, 10 grams of sesame oil, and 3 grams of salt. Preparation method is divided into three steps: (1) clean eggs cracked into a clean container, add sugar, salt, oil, stir with chopsticks; (2) 600 ml of fresh milk and 350 ml of rice soup mix boiling; (3) made of egg mixture poured into the boiling milk and rice soup, pouring while stirring with chopsticks, that is, 1000 ml of mixed milk. This 1000 ml of mixed milk contains 40 grams of egg white, 40 grams of fat, 120 grams of sugar, 4184 kilojoules of calories (1000 kcal). Patients with diabetes are exempt from adding sugar. If the stroke patient is conscious, but sometimes choking and coughing when eating, the patient should be given a paste diet, which consists of steamed egg custard, thick porridge with minced meat and vegetables, rotten noodles with minced meat and vegetables, milk with lotus root powder, fruit puree or mashed rice with a masher for the patient to consume after mashing. Stroke patients recovering without dysphagia, it is appropriate to focus on light, less greasy, easy to digest, soft and balanced diet. First of all, animal fats, such as lard, butter, cream, etc., as well as foods containing high cholesterol, such as egg yolks, fish roe, animal offal, fatty meats, etc., because saturated fatty acids contained in these foods can make the concentration of cholesterol in the blood rise significantly and promote atherosclerosis; vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, tea oil, sesame oil, peanut oil, etc., can be used, as the unsaturated fats contained therein can promote the excretion of cholesterol and its conversion into bile acids, thus achieving the goal of lowering blood cholesterol levels and reducing the amount of cholesterol in the blood. The unsaturated fats contained therein can promote the excretion of cholesterol and its conversion into bile acids, thus lowering the cholesterol content in the blood and delaying and reducing the purpose of atherosclerosis. Secondly, there should be appropriate protein in the diet, often eat some egg whites, lean meat, fish and all kinds of beans and soy products, in order to supply the body with the required amino acids. General daily drink milk and sour milk each cup, because milk contains milk factor and whey acid, can inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol in the body, reduce blood fat and cholesterol content. When drinking milk, you can remove the milk skin. Beans contain soybean steroids, also have the role of promoting cholesterol discharge. Third, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, because they contain vitamin C and potassium, magnesium and so on. Vitamin C can reduce cholesterol, enhance the denseness of blood vessels, prevent bleeding, potassium, magnesium and due to the tube has a protective effect. Fourth, you can eat more on the knot iodine-rich foods, such as kelp, seaweed, shrimp, etc., iodine can reduce cholesterol deposition in the arterial wall, to prevent the occurrence of atherosclerosis. Fifth, daily salt in 6 grams or less appropriate, because salt contains a lot of sodium ions, the body intake of sodium ions too much, can increase blood volume and the burden on the heart, and can increase the blood viscosity, so that the blood pressure rises, the stroke patients are not good. Sixth, avoid foods that excite the nervous system, such as alcohol, strong tea, coffee and stimulating condiments. In addition, eat less chicken soup and broth, which is beneficial to the protection of the cardiovascular and cerebral vascular system and the nervous system, and need to avoid overeating. Stroke patients at home, you can generally choose the following auxiliary dietary supplements: 1. 6 grams of black fungus, soaked in water, added to the dishes or steamed food. Can lower blood fat, anti-thrombosis and anti-platelet aggregation. 2. 5 celery root, 10 red dates, water decoction, eat dates and drink soup, can play a role in lowering blood cholesterol. 3. Eat fresh hawthorn or hawthorn soak in boiling water, add an appropriate amount of honey, cooled tea. If stroke complicates diabetes, it is not suitable to add honey.4. 10-15 grams of raw garlic or onion can lower blood fat, and enhance fibrin activity and anti-vascular sclerosis.5. 5-10 ml of dietary vinegar after meals for stroke patients has the effect of softening blood vessels. After-effects of cerebral hemorrhage--recovery has a trick Cerebral hemorrhage patients after treatment, part of the life preserved, but left the sequelae of hemiplegia, especially the patient's hand, always like a fist like break can not break. Our family has an ancestral trick, by pressing the root of the patient's finger nails, you can make the hand stretch, if you press once a day, after seven or eight times, even if you can not restore the original degree of good hand, free stretching is not a problem. Specific method is: the operator, with both hands of the thumb nail, press the patient's affected side of the nail root. Requirements are must be pressed to the root of the nail, not press the nail flesh. Position to find a good, gently a force, the patient's fingers then stretched out on their own, not more than 30 seconds, if you add the idea is better. The operator and the patient are reading "smooth meridians, cerebral blood vessels". The order of pressure is: the first pressure middle finger and thumb nail root (a strong finger will be stretched out), and then press the index finger and ring finger nail root, and finally repeat the pressure middle nail root with the root of the fingernail, before and after the pressure **** three times can be. (Sun Hongde, Changling County, Jilin Province) Cerebral hemorrhage patients through the acute phase, the following issues should be noted: (l) psychological care: the acute phase of the family and the patient's attention in the life-saving, while in the recovery period is often anxious to functional recovery, the requirements of the very soon to take care of themselves, and even go to work. Request for new drugs, new methods of treatment are quite a lot; some patients show pessimism, disappointment, mental depression. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage patients to establish confidence in overcoming the disease, to be physically disabled, physically disabled, but also to have a strong will; to treat their own disease and function realistically, and strive to achieve a good prognosis. To cooperate well with medical personnel and family, *** with overcoming the disease. "If you are here, you are here." Otherwise, if you are eager to get well, you will be easy to be impatient, but it is unfavorable. (2) pay attention to the rational use of drugs: because patients often suffer from several diseases or a variety of symptoms at the same time, originally prescribed by the doctor to a variety of drugs have been, friends or family members do not add their own use of many drugs. Excessive and chaotic application of drugs may have side effects on the stomach, liver, kidneys or hematopoietic system, which not only cannot speed up the recovery, but also lead to other problems. (3) Prevent recurrence of stroke; it is very meaningful to prevent recurrence during the recovery period. Because stroke can recur suddenly, the more episodes there are, the worse the prognosis will be and the mortality rate will be greatly increased when the sequelae of each episode are added up. In order to prevent recurrence, attention should be paid to stable blood pressure, appropriate amount of food intake, and whether there are any comorbidities in the heart and lungs. (4) Do a good job of family rehabilitation: the recovery period is usually spent in the family, the family should know how to do a good job of family rehabilitation. Drugs are no longer the main therapy in this period. (5) Pay attention to the rehabilitation period care: including psychological care, basic care, to ensure that the patient's basic needs; good special care, depending on the specific patient, the condition of the nursing care, such as nasal feeding tubes, urinary catheters, bedsores care, etc.. (6) Ensure proper nutrition and intake: Because stroke patients are often accompanied by aphasia, can not express their will correctly, or have choking, swallowing difficulties, can not ensure that the intake of food, intake is often insufficient or excessive, the family should pay enough attention to. The family should pay attention to it. The patient should be supplied with fixed recipes, fixed amount of food and fixed time, and if necessary, the food should be fed through the nasal tube. (7) Smooth bowel movement: constipation and too much force during defecation can induce hemorrhagic cerebral year and cerebral embolism. In order to keep the bowels clear, defecate regularly and eat celery, carrots and fruits appropriately. If necessary, medicines can be used, such as tomato diarrhea when soaked in boiled water, Ma Ren Lunji Pills, fruit guide and so on. If you have a satisfactory answer please adopt in time, do not let down the answerer!