Pumpkin is a temperate crop, which has the characteristics of drought tolerance and fear of waterlogging. If it is planted in spring, it is generally chosen between April and May. At this time, varieties with early maturity, cold tolerance and high yield should be selected.
2. Choose plots
Continuous cropping should be avoided in plots where pumpkins are planted. Choose plots where pumpkins have not been planted for 2~3 years, preferably sandy soil in acidic soil to avoid beet stubble.
3. Soil preparation and fertilization
Before planting, water the plot, apply base fertilizer when the soil moisture is suitable, give priority to with decomposed organic fertilizer, and cooperate with NPK compound fertilizer. After the base fertilizer is applied, the soil is deeply turned, finely raked and leveled, and the base fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed to make a long and wide border suitable for sowing.
4. Seed treatment
Sun-dried pumpkin seeds 1~2 days to remove withered and damaged seeds. Soak the seeds in clean water for half an hour after drying in the sun, then soak them in 0. 1% KMnO4 solution for about half an hour for disinfection and sterilization, then soak the cleaned pumpkin seeds in water at 55℃ and keep stirring. After the water temperature drops to about 30℃, continue soaking for 3 hours, then put the seeds at 30℃ to accelerate germination 1~2 days, and keep the seeds moist during this period.
5. Sowing method
Generally, the direct seeding should be carried out according to the plant spacing of 30~50 cm, with 2~3 seeds per hole. If the temperature is suitable, it will germinate 1~2 weeks after sowing. Pumpkins can be irrigated in time according to the actual soil moisture after emergence, and there is no need to topdressing before planting if the base fertilizer is sufficient. Generally, seedlings can grow 3~5 true leaves for thinning and planting. If it is a live broadcast, it is necessary to interval seedlings in time, eliminate weak seedlings in time, and keep strong seedlings.
6. Tian Tuan management
Pumpkins usually have male flowers first, so the male flowers can be removed, and pumpkin flowers can eat them, so you don't have to pick the female flowers when they start to bloom. Generally, it is enough to leave 2~3 pumpkins per plant. If the pumpkin fruit type is relatively small, the number of remaining fruits can be appropriately increased. Pumpkin should have enough water and fertilizer during fruit-setting period, and topdressing and watering in time.
Matters needing attention in cultivating pumpkin
When cultivating pumpkins, sometimes because the branches and leaves are too prosperous, it is easy to cause melon. Therefore, in general, when there are 6 ~ 8 leaves, topping promotes the occurrence of side branches. Generally, pumpkins should have at most 3 ~ 4 lateral vines, and 3 is the best. If you have special cultivation needs, you should prune and leave vines as needed.
If pumpkin is cultivated in facilities, artificial pollination or bee pollination can be carried out to improve the seed setting rate and yield of pumpkin and prevent stiff buds and fruits. Pumpkin flowers blooms before 6 o'clock in the morning. In order to improve pollination efficiency and fruit setting rate, pollination should be completed before 9 am.
Pumpkin diseases are mainly powdery mildew and virus diseases. The occurrence of diseases directly affects the growth and development of pumpkin, leading to shortened growth period, reduced yield and quality. Aphids are the main body of viral diseases, so if you want to prevent and control viral diseases, you must treat aphids first and then prevent and control them.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Pumpkin (Cucurbitaceae Pumpkin)