It is required that the plant height is 30 ~ 45cm, the crown diameter is 25 ~ 30cm, the branches are 3 ~ 5 branches evenly, the leaves are pale green, the surface of the leaves is smooth, the leaves are not damaged, diseased, rolled or fallen. There are 3 ~ 5 fruits as big as Buddha fist, with uniform size and no small fruits. The fruits are golden and oily, closed to bergamot, without wormholes, damage or diseased spots, and have a clear fragrance when touched by hands. The height of the basin is1/3 ~1/2 of the plant height, and the diameter of the basin is15 ~ 20cm. It is a purple sand basin, a blue and white porcelain basin or a brownish red and white plastic basin. There is moss or grass on the pot soil, and roots go out from the hole at the bottom of the pot. Pay attention to whether the fruit is tied up or not, and untie the plastic film tape at the joint to see if the rootstock is well healed.
Bergamot likes warm and humid, not cold-resistant, and its growth temperature is 22 ~ 26℃. In winter, it leaves a lot of leaves below 3℃. It likes the sun and fears the scorching sun, and seedlings are especially afraid of the scorching sun and are not tolerant of shade. I like fertile, loose and well-drained slightly acidic soil, but I am afraid of dryness. The wintering temperature is 5 ~15℃.
After the purchase, it should be placed in a place with good indoor light, and the room temperature should be kept above 5℃ in winter, so as to keep the basin soil moist and well ventilated, to prevent the loss of toxic gases and smoke, and to spray more water and less water at ordinary times, so that the fruit can not fall off until April next year. Plants that bear fruit last year are not easy to bear several big fruits in the second year in northern China.
Plants bought in autumn and winter, especially large fruits are tied to thick branches with red silk ropes, so as to prevent the fruits from falling and not to break the branches and leaves.
When the outdoor air temperature is above 15℃ next spring, we can move to the outdoor to turn over the pots and change the soil. The cultivation soil is mixed with garden soil, peat, sand and manure at a ratio of 4: 4:1:1,and some phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be added. Apply decomposed cake fertilizer once in early spring, and then apply decomposed cake fertilizer water or alum fertilizer water every10 ~15 days. From April to May, phosphate fertilizer was mainly used to promote flower bud differentiation and stop fertilization at flowering stage. When the young fruits grow to the size of broad beans, apply organic liquid fertilizer once a week, apply concentrated fertilizer once before winter, water once the next day, and pile up manure to cover the winter.
The fruit drop of bergamot is serious. To prevent the fruit drop, measures can be taken, such as keeping strong flowers with green flowers, budding new buds during the fruit-bearing period, spraying anti-falling agent for 2 ~ 3 times, and keeping the pot soil dry and not wet.
Water should be used once every 2-3 days in spring, and water should be controlled in summer. From flowering to fruit ripening, it should not be dry, wet or stagnant.
When pruning, leave 3 ~ 5 basic branches, generally less spring shoots, summer shoots to pick up the heart and promote autumn shoots, and leave them as fruit-bearing mother branches. The number of fruit-bearing fruits in June ~ July is large and the quality is good, so it is appropriate to leave more.
In the flower and tree market, citron, fragrant garden and generations, lemon, plum lemon and Beijing lemon are often confused. Now its main characteristics are compared as follows, and the root cause is clear.
Table 2- 1 Difference Table of Other Citrus Flowers and Trees