1. Occupational characteristics and development trends of foreign secretarial work
(1) Occupational characteristics of foreign secretarial work
1. Socialization and industryization
p>
2. Specialization and knowledge
3. Automation and high technology
Since technology can solve all problems and ensure the efficient work of secretaries, does it mean that In the future, secretarial work will no longer be of great significance, and secretaries will also be replaced by machines?
4. Scientific and institutionalized
Take Maryland Junior College as an example. Public courses include: shorthand, typing, reading and writing, principles of healthy living, and office work. Programming, computer applications, secretarial science, physical education, accounting. Professional courses for administrative secretaries include: Business Mathematics, Corporate Law, Bookkeeping, Speech, Social Sciences, Administrative Secretary Dictation and Recording, Administrative Secretary Code, etc. Professional courses for legal secretaries include: U.S. government organization and corporate law, legal secretarial standards, legal terminology, legal secretary dictation and recording, court and legal affairs procedures, federal and Maryland court regulations, etc. Professional courses for medical secretaries include: biology, physiology, human anatomy, psychology, medicine, medical terminology,
American "Secretary Professional Certificate" (CPS) exam, Administrative Management Society (AMS) The CAM examination has also been held. The United Kingdom has the "Institute of Chartered Secretaries and Administrators" (ICSA). France has a vocational training and examination system for secretaries. The National Academy of Administration also cultivates senior secretarial talents through strict merit selection. Germany has specially opened a "European Secretarial Training Course", and the "European Secretarial Association" and the "International Trade Association" jointly host the examination. Those who pass the exam become secretaries of foreign agencies. In Japan, the National Secretaries Association administers the CBS qualification examination.
(2) Development trends of foreign secretarial work
1. Secretarial work is increasingly becoming intelligent.
2. The academic qualifications of secretarial staff are increasing day by day, and secretarial work is becoming more lifelong.
3. The research on secretarial theory is increasing day by day.
2. Overview of the development of secretarial work in various countries
(1) Secretarial work in the United States
1. Overview of secretarial work in the United States
2 .Classification and classification of secretaries in the United States
(2) Secretarial work in the United Kingdom
1. Overview of secretarial work in the United Kingdom
2. Classification of national secretaries in the United Kingdom
p>
(3) Secretarial work in Germany
1. Overview of secretarial work in Germany
2. Main classifications of German secretaries and summary of work of various types of secretaries
(4) Secretarial work in France
1. Overview of French secretarial work
2. French government secretarial agency and its main tasks
(V. ) Secretarial work in Japan
1. Overview of secretaries and secretarial work in Japan
2. Categories of Japanese secretaries and the main contents of their work
3." International Association of Administrators" and Secretary's Day
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF ADMINISTRATIVE PROFESSIONALS The abbreviation IAAP, which is the "International Association of Administrators", is an exchange of secretarial work among secretarial members from more than 30 countries and regions in the world. A center of experience and a hub for exchanging information. Its predecessor was "PROFESSIONAL SECRETARIES INTERNATIONAL" (PROFESSIONAL SECRETARIES INTERNATIONAL), which is a well-known transnational professional organization in the world today. The organization was founded in 1942, formerly known as the National Association of Secretaries of the United States, and is headquartered in Kansas City, Missouri, USA.
It has more than 40,000 members and 700 branches. In addition to active secretaries in the United States, it includes more than 30 countries and regions in Europe, Asia, and Latin America, such as the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, Norway, Belgium, Iceland, Australia, Japan, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia, Panama and South Africa, etc. Its purpose is: to serve as an endorsement agency for secretaries, safeguard the legitimate interests of secretaries; improve the quality and level of secretarial staff through continuous education; introduce the latest technology, enhance business skills, and improve the professional status of secretaries.
The publications provided by the "International Association of Administrators" to members include:
Secretary Magazine: It is the main publication in the field of international secretaries, exchanging and introducing new ideas and new ideas in secretarial work. Concepts, new trends, new technologies
"Secretary Work Examples": A multi-faceted comprehensive discussion publication jointly created by the International Association of Professional Secretaries and representatives of corporate managers in various branches, and is suitable for various offices Environment, reflecting the unique characteristics of secretarial responsibilities
"Professional Secretarial Code of Ethics": Establish and disseminate professional standards of conduct and reflect the professional ethics of secretaries.
The "International Association of Administrators" holds the "Chartered Professional Secretarial Examination" every year, with 250 examination rooms set up around the world for simultaneous examinations. The application requirements are very strict. High school students must have 6 years of secretarial service, and college students must have* **You must have 6 years of college education and working experience as a secretary to apply. Those with a bachelor's degree must have completed one year of proven work experience to apply. The examination subjects are: corporate law, corporate behavioral science, business management, human relations, secretarial accounting, secretarial skills, office secretarial work procedures, etc. The exam lasts for 12 consecutive hours. In 1980, 6,000 people applied for the exam and 1,000 qualified. Those who pass the exam will be awarded the "Chartered Professional Secretary" qualification (CPS for short). In the United States, all secretaries expect to obtain this qualification for personal development.
Since 1952, the "International Association of Administrators" has designated the last working week in April each year as "Secretaries' Week", and Wednesday of that week has been designated as Secretary's Day, and related celebrations have been held. . Such celebrations are thought to be held to recognize the contributions of secretaries working in the office and to attract more people to take up secretarial or administrative jobs. In 2000, the International Association of Administrators announced that Secretary's Week and Secretary's Day would be renamed Administrative Specialist Week and Administrative Specialist Day, consistent with today's changing job titles and increased responsibilities.
Congratulatory message from Canadian Prime Minister Chretien:
I am pleased to extend my warmest congratulations to everyone who participated in the 2002 Commissioner's Week and 50th anniversary celebrations. Remembrance Week provides a great opportunity for leaders to recognize the contributions of executives in Canada and around the world. Administrative specialists work efficiently, are knowledgeable and skilled, master the latest office technology and have extremely perfect organizational and coordination abilities. I would like to join leaders and those they work with in extending my sincere congratulations for your hard work and outstanding contributions.
Congratulatory message from US President Bush:
I am pleased to express my warm congratulations on the 50th anniversary celebration of Administrative Agents Week hosted by the International Association of Administrative Agents (IAAP). Fifty years ago, this special week was established to recognize the role of secretarial work and to create opportunities for secretarial and administrative work. Today, there are 3.9 million secretaries and administrative assistants in the United States. They perform important work in government offices, private companies, community organizations and countless other institutions. The work of these professionals has, and will continue to advance, America's progress. I would like to pay tribute to the Administrative Commissioners for their hard work and dedication to their careers. I also thank the IAAP (International Association of Administrative Professionals) for its efforts in maintaining high standards and professionalism in the profession. Your dedication to improving the skills and abilities of your members has made a great contribution to the prosperity of the U.S. economy. It is worthwhile. Proud.
Case: Secretary in Silicon Valley
Through the case, please think about the similarities and differences of secretarial work at home and abroad.
Behind those famous presidents and CEOs, the busy ones are the secretaries.
They're not just typing and making coffee, they're involved in decision-making every day.
They don't have to dress meticulously, keep recording the boss's orders, make a cup of coffee for the boss, and their salary won't stand still when the company's stock rises. They are Silicon Valley secretaries, some male and female, but mostly female. In an atmosphere of constant technological revolution, Silicon Valley secretaries stand out.
Karen Holstein, Sun CEO Scott McNeely's secretary, knows her boss's email password. If the boss needs it, she will help him open the email and check the new emails. mail. "If he wanted a cup of coffee, he would make himself a cup," Karen said.
Sun is a $10 billion maker of business computer systems that along with thousands of other companies such as Hewlett-Packard Corporation, Intel Corporation, Apple Corporation, etc., have made Silicon Valley the center of the international high-tech economy. Behind the famous presidents and CEOs of Silicon Valley companies, there are secretaries who are busy. They don't work in a rigid manner like their more traditional counterparts working elsewhere, but instead have to make important decisions every day.
Notel Networks is a company in Silicon Valley. Gowen Caldwell, executive assistant to company president David House, said: "If I wear a suit and walk into a high-rise building every day, what I do is It was all about taking phone calls and doing timetables day after day, and I would have gotten tired of it." Instead, Ms. Caldwell had a lot of influence in the company, drafting letters and studying competition. Understand the situation of rival companies, brief management, organize negotiations, etc.
While secretaries in Silicon Valley are helping companies grow, their incomes are also rising steadily. The average annual income of secretaries in the United States ranges from US$25,000 to US$35,000. The annual salary of some secretaries in Silicon Valley is more than three times theirs, with an average salary of US$60,000 to US$100,000. Moreover, secretaries of many Silicon Valley companies have invested in shares and will receive dividends if the company develops well. Ms. Kevin Holstein of Sun Company has an annual salary of US$65,000 and also participates in the company's dividends.
However, the work pressure of secretaries in Silicon Valley is also quite high. They usually have to work 60 to 70 hours a week, and the level of tension is self-evident. They coordinate the work of employees around the world every moment, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people.
In recent years, the secretarial industry in the United States has undergone considerable changes. According to a survey by the International Association of Administrative Professionals, one-third of secretaries are responsible for supervising the work of other secretaries, 45% are responsible for training, and 78% are responsible for office work.
The title of the secretarial profession is also changing. In the International Association of Administrative Professionals, only 18% of members still use the title secretary. Other members use the title administrative assistant, coordination manager, professional manager, executive secretary or executive assistant.
Debi Gross, who worked for Cisco CEO John Chambers for eight years, said: "The word secretary is outdated. We don't just type, fill out forms or answer the phone. We are called Empowered, able to make decisions. "Ms. Gross is not one of the more than 50 vice presidents in the company, but she is one of the most powerful people in the company. "If I asked John to get me a sandwich, he would do it. We respect each other and I'm someone he can rely on," said Gross, who works 12 hours a day to help John Chambers. Develop a complex global work schedule, report to him the main content of each meeting, read his emails, and record the work of the company's 18,000 employees around the world.