Pseudosciaena crocea
The genus Sciaeni-dae, Perciformes, bony fishes. and
Famous yellow flower, big fresh, yellow croaker, big yellow croaker. Main economic fishes in China offshore. For tradition
One of the "four major seafood" (large yellow croaker, small yellow croaker, hairtail and squid).
The shape of the body is flat on the side, and the length of the tail stalk is about three times higher. The head is large and has a well-developed mucus cavity. under
The jaw is slightly prominent. Lateral line scales 56 ~ 58, there are 8 ~ 9 scales between the starting point of dorsal fin and lateral line. The dorsal fin has 9 ~11
Fin spines, 27 ~ 38 (generally 31~ 33) fins. The gluteal fin has 2 fin spines, 7 ~10 fin strips and the second fin spines.
Equal to or slightly larger than the eye diameter. The body is yellowish brown, the ventral surface is golden yellow, and the fins are yellow or grayish yellow. Lip orange
Red. The swim bladder is large, with a round front end and 31~ 33 pairs of lateral limbs, and the last branch of each lateral limb is small.
Branches and back branchlets are equal in length. There are two white sagittal otoliths in the skull. There are 26 to 27 vertebrae, sometimes 25.
(see color map).
Distribution and population Pseudosciaena crocea is distributed in China from the south of the central Yellow Sea to the east of Qiongzhou Strait.
The offshore of the mainland and the west coast of Korea. Occasionally found in the west of Leizhou Peninsula. Pseudosciaena crocea off the coast of China
It can be divided into three groups: ① the northern and central groups of the East China Sea. Distributed in the southern Yellow Sea to the central East China Sea, including
Including Lvsiyang, Daiquyang, Maotouyang and Dongtouyang to yushan island, Fujian. ② Fujian and eastern Guangdong
Group. Mainly distributed in the southern part of the East China Sea, the Taiwan Province Strait and the northern part of the South China Sea (south of yushan island to the Pearl River)
Mouth) This population is divided into two groups: northern and southern. ③ Yuexi Group. Mainly distributed in beads.
South China Sea area from the west of Jiangkou to Qiongzhou Strait.
Biological characteristics: Pseudosciaena crocea is a warm-temperate coastal group migratory fish, mainly inhabiting 80.
The middle and lower layers of coastal and offshore waters within meters. Egg-laying fish are afraid of strong light, like countercurrent and have good transparency.
Smaller turbid waters. It floats at dawn, dusk or high tide, and sinks at daytime or low tide. succeed
Fish mainly eat all kinds of small fish and crustaceans (shrimp, crab, squids). Photo taken at the peak of reproduction
Food intensity decreased significantly; After reproduction, the feeding intensity increases. Juvenile fish feed on copepods, mysids,
Zooplankton such as krill.
Pseudosciaena crocea can make a strong intermittent sound and is also sensitive to sound. Its main
The vocal organs are the swim bladder and its acoustic muscles on both sides. When the vocal muscles contract, pressing the internal organs makes the swim bladder vibrate.
Sound. In the reproductive season, fish make "giggles" and "whoops" all day long, which is very loud.
Rare in fish. This kind of vocalization is generally considered as a means for fish to communicate, but during the reproductive period,
As a signal of fish gathering. Fishermen in China have long used this habit to judge the size and habitat of large yellow croaker.
Rest water layer and location to facilitate fishing.
Breeding and spawning grounds are generally located in shallow water in the low-salt waters near the estuary and the inner bay.
Area, the water depth is generally not more than 20 meters in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, but the deepest in Daiquyang spawning ground can reach 20.
~ 30 meters, not more than 30 meters in the South China Sea; The water color is turbid, the transparency is mostly within 1 m, and the bottom material is soft.
Mud or muddy sand sea area. There are about 10 spawning grounds of Pseudosciaena crocea along the coast of China, including Lv Siyang in Jiangsu.
Daiquyang, Dayaiyang, Maotouyang, Damuyang and Yueqing Bay in Zhejiang, Guanjingyang and Dongnan in Fujian.
Fishing grounds, Nan 'ao Fishing Ground and Naozhou Island Fishing Ground in Guangdong. The water temperature of spawning ground in spring flood rose to15 ~
At 17℃, Pseudosciaena crocea began to spawn in groups, and the water temperature in Zhejiang spawning ground reached17 ~19℃ in the peak season, and at 20℃,
The fishing season ends when the temperature is 21~ 22℃ in Lvsiyang and 22 ~ 24℃ in Guanjingyang. Salinity range of spawning ground
It is 28 ~ 31in Lvsiyang and Guanjingyang, and17 ~ 28 in Daiquyang and Dayuyang. Pseudosciaena crocea can live forever.
Oviposition is repeated many times, and ovulation is usually 2 ~ 3 times during reproductive period. The amount of eggs conceived is directly proportional to the individual size.
From10 to 2.75 million capsules, generally 200,000 to 500,000 capsules. Egg floatability, spherical shape, egg diameter1.19 ~
1.55 mm, the egg membrane is smooth, and there is a colorless oil ball with a diameter of 0.35 ~ 0.46 mm. oosperm
When the water temperature is 18℃, the larvae hatch in about 50 hours. The age composition of each local group is different, and in each group
The life span and sexual maturity age of individuals are also different: the life span of individuals in the northern and central groups of the East China Sea is the longest.
The oldest fish is 29 years old, but the age of sexual maturity is late, and a few are 2 years old, usually 3 ~ 4 years old.
Age. The life span of Pseudosciaena crocea in western Guangdong is the shortest, the oldest fish is only 9 years old, but the age of sexual maturity is the earliest.
A few individuals 1 age began to mature sexually, and most individuals were 2 ~ 3 years old. Large yellow croaker in Fujian and eastern Guangdong groups
Between the above two groups, the oldest fish is 17 years old, and the mature individuals is 2 ~ 3 years old. large yellow croaker
The largest individual has a total length of 755 mm and weighs 3.8 kg.
In the spring of migration and fishing season, the water temperature along the coast of China increased, and fish schools swam from the wintering grounds to the coastal rivers.
Reproduction in shallow sea near the mouth. The overwintering sea areas in the northern and central East China Sea are beyond the river and beyond the boat.
Winter field, the second is the winter field near Zhejiang and Fujian, and the third is the winter field in Dasha and Shawai. Parent fish in mid-April,
In the late period, they formed a large group and migrated westward from the deep-water wintering area into Lvsiyang, Daiquyang and Dayaiyang.
The spawning ground. The spawning period is from May to June. After spawning, the parent fish are scattered in the sea area around islands and estuaries for feeding.
Fattening In September, there were smaller fish schools that laid eggs in Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal areas, forming autumn flood season. Late autumn and early winter
The coastal water temperature drops, and the large yellow croaker returns to the wintering sea area. The northern groups of Fujian and Yuedong Group are mainly in Fujian.
The east fishing ground spawns, one way enters the Dongyin fishing ground from late April to mid-May, and the other way spawns in April.
From late June to mid-June, it entered Sandu Bay in 3 ~ 4 batches via Baiquan Islands and Mazu Island, and in mid-May.
From October to mid-June, every spring tide spawns in Guanjingyang. In late autumn and early winter, the fish scattered around for bait opened.
The flood season of Pseudosciaena crocea in autumn and winter began in the area of Sishen Islands. After that, as the water temperature drops, some fish schools
Swim to the warm water of the 60-meter isobath for the winter, and some fish continue to swim to the south of the Sishen Islands.
The reproductive migration of southern Fujian and eastern Guangdong groups started earlier in the coastal waters east of the Pearl River Estuary, 1 month.
Fish began to concentrate from the open sea to Shanwei, turned to the northeast for migration, and arrived in Jiazi and Shenzi in February and March.
Spring, in March, formed a fishing season in the northeast fishing ground and southeast fishing ground of Nan 'ao Island, and ended in April. Autumn flood since August
At first, fish schools entered the coast of Guangdong from the southern coast of Fujian and migrated from northeast to southwest.
Arrived in Raoping offshore and the southwest coast of Nan 'ao Island in September, appeared in Shenquan and Jiazi in 10, and arrived in10/month.
Shanwei, near Pinghai and Aotou (inside and outside Daya Bay) in 1 February, began to escape to the sea in1month.
Yuexi group/kloc-0 swam from Wuchuan and other places to the south and north spawning grounds of Naozhou Island in early October, and 1 1 month was the spawning season.
After laying eggs, they are divided into small groups and turn to deep water to inhabit, and the autumn flood season is over. The following spring flood season begins in February.
Fish schools gather in the south of Naozhou Island to lay eggs. The flood season is prosperous in March, and the water temperature rises at the beginning of April, which is positive.
During the spring rain period, the salinity of the shallow water in the coastal estuary decreased obviously, which made it unsuitable for large yellow croaker to inhabit, and the fish swarmed rapidly.
Leave, the spring flood will be over.
Production According to Wu Di Ji, in the tenth year of Helu (505 BC), there was fishing in the East China Sea of China.
Pseudosciaena crocea activity. The fishing of Pseudosciaena crocea along the coast of Siming (present-day Ningbo) was recorded in the book "Cuoshu in Fujian and China" in Ming Dynasty.
Period. For a long time, the fishing gear for catching large yellow croaker in Zhejiang is mainly bag net (big pair, small pair, enclosure)
Net), followed by drift net, net and hook; Fujian is mainly surrounded by dikes and gill nets; Guangdong used to
"Knock?" The operation is the most famous, and trawl, hand fishing, purse seine and ground dragnet are also used for catching.
Fishing. "Knock?" The operation has been banned because of its great damage to resources. Major producers of Pseudosciaena crocea
China and Korea.
Using large yellow croaker with good meat quality and delicious taste, "squirrel yellow croaker" is a feast delicacy. most
Fresh-sold, others are salted into "melon fish", washed and dried after viscera removal and salting to make "yellow croaker fish" or
Canned. The swim bladder can be dried to make a valuable food "fish belly" or "yellow croaker glue". Chinese rhubarb
Fish liver contains vitamin A, which is a good raw material for making cod liver oil. Otoliths can be used medicinally.
If you have other terms to explain, I suggest you go to the encyclopedia.
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