The earth silver carp is bearded catfish
The pond aquaculture can be divided into two kinds of mono-culture and mixed culture.
(1) pond monoculture. The advantages of pond monoculture leather bearded absolute is high yield, easy to manage, easy to catch and harvest; disadvantage is that the pond is not enough to use, the production potential is not given full play.
①Pond conditions. Ponds require sufficient water, no harmful substances, convenient drainage and irrigation, the bottom of the pond is flat and solid, the thickness of silt is less than 15 centimeters, the ridge is solid without holes. The ridge is more than 40 centimeters above the surface of the water, and the water inlet and outlet are set up to prevent escape. In the pond water surface put water floating lotus or duckweed, not only can shade, but also can purify the water quality and as auxiliary feed. Before the fish species in the pond must be required to dry pond, clean and disinfect the pond and apply basal fertilizer, injecting new water, when the pond water in the reproduction of feed organisms to reach its peak before you can put the fish species.
The pond area is generally 600-2000 square meters is appropriate, the water depth of 1-1.5 meters.
②Fish stocking. Stocking of fish species specifications require consistent, stocking density due to the size of the fish species and pond, feed, water conditions, generally per square meter put 10 cm or so of fish species 5-10 tails. Putting in large-size fish species can improve the survival rate and increase production. The specification of the fish species in the pond should be not less than 5 centimeters.
③Feeding. Fish species just under the pond, should be fed some high-quality animal feed, so that it as soon as possible to restore the body and accelerate growth. Leatherbeard catfish is an omnivorous fish with animal feed, such as snails, clams, mussels, snails and other shellfish, as well as fly maggots, silkworm pupae, earthworms and animal carcasses and scraps. Shellfish should be fed after breaking the shells, and the tough ones need to be broken or twisted into pulp to make food dough to improve the utilization rate. Powdered feed (fish meal, bone meal, shrimp shell meal, corn meal, rice bran, wheat bran, etc.) is best mixed with meat mixed together feeding. Conditions can be in accordance with the nutritional needs of the leather bearded catfish, formulated into a crude protein content of more than 30% of the pellet feed feeding, which can both improve feed utilization and accelerate the growth of fish. Feeding for should be on the feed table. The feed should be fine and coarse collocation, every day in the morning, in the evening, each cast 1 time, feeding adhere to the "four fixed".
The proper application of organic fertilizer to cultivate zooplankton can meet the feeding needs of the leather-bearded catfish and reduce the feed coefficient.
4 daily management. Frequently clean the feed table, keep the water quality fresh, prevent the fish from lack of oxygen due to high density. Water change should be filtered to avoid bringing in parasites and other hostile. But also to prevent snakes and rats to play holes and after the rain water to escape the fish, the usual pond inspection should check whether there are holes, whether the fish stopping facilities are destroyed.
(2) Pond mixing. Leather-bearded catfish mixed with other fish can make full use of the water body space
Interval, play the pond production potential. Using this approach can also be used to remove wild fish in the pond and control the overpopulation of tilapia.
Leatherbeard catfish can be mixed with chain, bighead, carp, grass, tilapia and other fish, but not with carnivorous fish. Mixed species specifications should be appropriately larger, the best year to reach commercial specifications, and leather beard catfish dry ponds together with the water on the market. Mixed-feeding methods are:
①The leather beard catfish is the main,搭养其他鱼: generally per square meter stocking 5-6 cm leather beard catfish species 3-6, every 2-3 square meters with a tail of domestic fish species.
② other fish as the main, leather beard catfish as a supplement: you can feed the adult fish pool of domestic fish, every 2-3 square meters with a body length of 6-8 cm leather beard catfish, the use of small fish and aquatic insects in the water as its feed, do not need to increase feeding.
③Adult fish pond mixed breeding leather bearded catfish parents: according to the ratio of male and female 1:1 or 1:1.2 into a small number of breeding leather bearded catfish, in the breeding season to put the nest to let it spawn and hatch. According to the number of breeding leatherbeard catfish, feed some animal feed appropriately, so that it can be directly raised into commercial fish in the adult pond. When stocking, consider the loading capacity of the water body after the breeding of leatherbeard catfish.
Techniques for the control of fish diseases in the leatherbeard catfish
(a) black body disease
The fish body is black, emaciated, stop eating, and in severe cases, the fish body is often upward, hanging in the surface layer of the water, until death. Upon inspection, there is a round red blood spot on the inside of the pectoral fins, the fins are ulcerated, and moldy spots appear on the back of its head. This disease is easy to be infected at the fry stage, and it is most likely to develop when the bait is insufficient and the water is not good enough, and it develops quickly, and it is infected rapidly.
Prevention methods: keep the water clean, do not use unfermented fertilizers; quinquefoil 2-4 grams / cubic meter of the whole pool sprinkling, 30 grams / liter of lime water sprinkled in the whole pool, every other day, sprinkle 2-3 times can be.
(B) enteritis disease
The sick fish body wasting black, abdominal swelling, swim alone, light pressure on the abdomen, there is yellowish mucus from the anus. Dissection of the abdomen can be seen in the abdominal fluid, the intestinal wall is congested and inflamed, reddish-purple, the hindgut is particularly bad, the intestinal mucosa ulceration and shedding. This disease is caused by bacteria or viruses, mostly occurring in July-August, mainly harming fish species and adult fish.
Prevention methods: the onset of the season with bleach hanging basket; with 1 gram / cubic meter of bleach sprinkled throughout the pool for 2 days; 1 mg of furazolidone per kilogram of fish mixed into the feed for 1 week, plus 1.4-3 mg / liter of the quinquefoil sprinkled once; with sulphaguanidine per 50 kilograms of fish according to the 17.5 grams of drugs in 6 days with the bait feeding, and with the Bleaching powder sprinkled all over.
(C) bubble disease
Diseased fish floating on the water surface, abdomen to the sky, there is a bubble in the abdomen, can not sink. The cause of the disease is mainly due to the application of too much unfermented organic fertilizer in the pool, or the pool of water aging, too much blue and green algae in the water, in the strong light so that the water is too saturated with gas, the fish accidentally eat the bubbles caused.
Prevention methods: pool water transparency is too small, should not put the fish fry; after the onset of rapid injection of new water, and throw enough live bait, can make part of the fish fry out of bubbles, back to normal; every water depth of 1 meter, with 1.5-2 kg of salt to the water after the whole pool sprinkler, have a certain efficacy.
(D) water mold
The fish infected with water mold, its body surface appeared gray-white mass mycelium, shaped like cotton wool. After the mycelium gradually expanded, the fish swimming disorder, skin mucus increased, loss of appetite, and finally die of emaciation. The cause of the disease is mostly due to injuries during fishing and transportation, or due to frostbite at low temperatures.
Prevention methods: pay attention to the operation, do not hurt the fish body, the wintering pool of water temperature should be controlled at 15 ℃ or more; per cubic meter with 10 grams of malachite green dipping fish or eggs; with 3% -4% salt water dipping sick fish for 10-20 minutes; per milliliter with 1 milligrams of bleach sprinkled throughout the pool; with 0.4 ‰ salt and 0.4 ‰ baking soda combined pool. Splash.
(E) Wheelworm disease
The individual large wheelworm parasites in the skin and fins, causing the body color black, body thinning, slow swimming. The small individual wheel worm gathered in the edge of the gills and slits, in the gills constantly sliding, stimulate the gill tissue, serious gill filaments edge of the whitish rot, the sick fish dark and thin, away from the group near the edge of the pool slow swimming. When a large number of parasites, the growth and development of young fish is hindered or even death.
Prevention methods: lime thoroughly clear the pond, do not use unfermented organic fertilizer; fry ponds, transfer pools, wintering with 8 mg / liter of copper sulfate dip; with 0.7 g / m3 of copper sulfate and ferrous sulfate (5:2) combination of the whole pool sprinkled.
(F) caudal sporotrichosis
Chinese caudal sporotrichosis parasitized in the fins and skin of the fish, causing the body of the fish to appear gray-white dotted tubercles or masses. It mainly harms the fry cultivated in earthen ponds and spreads in the form of spores. The epidemic season is May-July.
Prevention methods: remove excessive silt; lime can kill the spores in the silt; with 0.3-1 g / m3 of crystal trichlorfon all over.
(G) three generations of worm disease
Because of the movement of parasitic fish body three generations of worms, damage to the fish body surface and gill filaments, so that the fish body secretion of grayish-white mucus body surface, serious infections can be caused by batches of death. The disease mainly affects juvenile leatherbeard catfish cultivated in earthen ponds and spreads by host or water flow. It is prevalent when the water temperature is around 20℃.
Prevention methods: fish species into the pool with 2-3 grams / cubic meter trichlorfon dipping; 90% of the crystal trichlorfon 0.2-0.3 grams / cubic meter of the whole pool spread; 0.1-0.24 grams / cubic meter of trichlorfon and face alkali combination (ratio of 5:3) sprinkled the whole pool.