1, clinical symptoms
Sheep mainly showed mental depression, loss of appetite, stop ruminating, coat disheveled loss of luster, limb weakness, teeth grinding, nose mirror dry, visible mucous membrane yellow or pale, cornea become cloudy, and accompanied by intermittent abdominal pain, lactating ewes will also lead to lactation after the poisoning of the amount of milk is reduced or completely stopped.
Acute poisoning. The sick sheep will show mental depression, loss of appetite, convulsions, arching back, grinding teeth, circling movement, unable to stand steadily, easy to fall to the ground; yellow staining of mucous membranes, conjunctivitis, there is an allergic reaction to the light, or even complete blindness, submandibular edema; accompanied by diarrhea, and the appearance of anxious, or even prolapse of the anus, the body will be deflated, and will be dead after 48 hours or so.
Chronic poisoning. Lamb poisoning will show loss of appetite, growth retardation, panic, circle movement or blind wandering, diarrhea, body thinning. Adult sheep will show depressed spirit, decreased feed intake, flaccid foregut and jaundice. Poisoning of pregnant ewes can lead to abortion, expulsion of full-term stillbirths or premature births, and because mycotoxins are also present in the milk, this can lead to poisoning of the offspring of the lambs as well. In addition, due to mycotoxins can lead to lymphocyte activity is affected, so it will contribute to the body's resistance is weakened, prone to secondary diseases.
2, pathological changes
Diseased and dead sheep subcutaneous tissue and fat yellow staining, abdominal and thoracic cavity there is a small amount of reddish or yellow fluid, hemorrhages on the surface of the plasma membrane; liver enlargement, obvious hardening, brittle texture, the surface of the presence of a needle tip or the size of a grain of white or yellow necrotic foci; gallbladder shrinkage, containing only a small amount of bile, and lighter; lungs enlargement, and in localized flesh. The lungs were enlarged, with localized fleshy lesions and white necrotic foci on the surface; the kidneys were enlarged and pale, and the lymph nodes were edematous and congested; the mucous membrane of the rumen was hemorrhagic, and there were ulcerated foci of varying size from a pinprick to a pea, which were easy to be dislodged; the intestinal tract was edematous and congested to varying degrees, and the duodenal mucous membrane was hemorrhagic locally, with congestion of the mesenteric lymph nodes.
3, diagnosis
Clinical diagnosis. The main thing is to consult with the farmers to find out whether their purchase of concentrates is stored for a long time, and to inspect some soybean meal and corn on the spot to determine whether there is obvious mold and fever. If the above conditions exist, combined with the onset of sick sheep, clinical symptoms and pathological changes, the initial diagnosis is the occurrence of moldy feed poisoning.
Bacterial examination. Under aseptic conditions, the livers of sick sheep with typical symptoms were taken for palpation, and after Gram staining for microscopic examination, no bacteria were detected. At the same time, the liver and spleen of the sick sheep were taken under aseptic conditions and inoculated onto ordinary agar plates, and placed at 37℃ for 24-48 h under constant temperature, and no bacteria grew. Based on these results, the occurrence of bacterial disease can be excluded.
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4, preventive and curative measures
Emergency treatment. When the diagnosis of sheep is due to feeding moldy feed and poisoning, we must first immediately stop feeding moldy feed, while thoroughly remove the remaining feed in the feed trough, change to feed no mold, no pollution of fresh concentrate. In addition, add 2 kg of mold adsorbent to each ton of feed and use it for 6 days.
Western medicine treatment. Mainly to replenish fluid to protect the liver, avoid secondary infection as the principle of treatment. Sick sheep can be injected intravenously with a mixture of 200 mL 50% glucose injection, 500 mL 5% sugar saline, 4 mL vitamin Ks, 4 mL vitamin C, 20 mL adenosine triphosphate, 5 mL 10% anisodamine, lg ceftiofur sodium, once a day, used for 3 consecutive days. In addition, in order to prevent the emergence of secondary infection, may be appropriate with the use of antibiotics, such as penicillin, streptomycin, etc., but prohibit the use of sulfonamides.
Chinese medicine treatment. The main principle of treatment is to promote dampness and detoxification, and to relieve the liver and activate blood. Take Sg licorice, 10 g white peony, 10 g Inulae, 10 g Poria, 10 g Atractylodes macrocephala, 10 g Salvia miltiorrhiza, 15 g Chai Hu, 10 g Gui Zhi, 1 dose per day, used continuously for 3-5 days. In the formula, Chai Hu is the main medicine to relieve liver and depression and elevate yang qi, Bai Shao is the main medicine to calm the mind and nourish blood and astringent yin; Salviae Miltiorrhizae is the auxiliary medicine to activate blood circulation and remove blood stasis and cool blood to eliminate carbuncle; Gui Zhi is the auxiliary medicine to activate yang qi and warm menstruation, and pass the veins, Poria is the auxiliary medicine to tranquilize the heart and tranquilize the mind, and to diuretic and secrete dampness, Atractylodes Macrocephala is the auxiliary medicine to dry dampness and strengthen the spleen, and Insecta Cynanchum is the auxiliary medicine to reduce jaundice and remove dampness-heat, and Glycyrrhiza glabra is the auxiliary medicine to remove toxicity. The combination of the above medicines plays a role in inducing dampness and detoxification, dredging the liver and activating blood circulation.
Strengthen feed management. Feed processing should be strengthened control, especially to ensure that the moisture contained in the feed is appropriate, and set up a reasonable high temperature pelleting after the cooling process. When the feed is transported and stored, the management should be strengthened to avoid the mold and mildew caused by high temperature, humidity, packaging damage, rain and too large a temperature difference between day and night. In addition, a certain amount of mold inhibitor can be added to the feed, which can effectively prevent mold. According to the above principles, the harvested forage and grains must be completely dried; the haystacks should be protected from moisture and rain, and the concentrate feeds such as corn, bran, soybean meal, etc. should be placed in a dry place with at least 30 cm distance from the ground, and make sure to tie the mouth of the feed bag tightly, and pay attention to keep good ventilation in warm and rainy periods to avoid the occurrence of mildew in feeds. In addition, propionic acid can be added to concentrate during storage to avoid the development of mold and thus inhibit the production of toxins. Forage should be carefully inspected before use, if it gives off a musty smell or changes in color, it is forbidden to feed, to ensure that no moldy fresh feed.