The main producing areas of Qilixiang pig are located in Bama County, Tiandong County and Xuyi County in the west of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, also known as Bama Xiang pig. Qilixiang pig is small, short, short, round and fat. The average birth weight of piglets is 0.47 kg, the average weight of piglets at 20 days old is 2.08 kg, and the average weight of piglets at 60 days old is 7.05438+0 kg. The average weight of sows at 6 months old is 265438 0.5 kg, and that at 65438 08 months old is 37.75 kg. The average weight of adult boars is 32.8 kg. An adult pig with a small head and a thin mouth; The forehead is flat and wrinkle-free, and the ears are small and thin; Short and thick neck; The back is slightly concave and the chest is wide and round. Abdominal drooping, touching the ground more: forelimbs straight, hind limbs lying, thin bones; The head to the front of the neck 1/2 or 1/3 and buttocks are black, and there are white spots or white lines extending to the nose in the middle of the face. Some pig breeds have black spots of different sizes on the back and waist, and there is a gray belt with a width of 2 ~ 5 cm at the junction of black and white. The background color is black, and the capillaries on the back are soft. The breasts are not very exposed, with 5-7 pairs of nipples. Qilixiang pig has thin bones, thin skin and white fat. Muscles are bright red. Muscle fibers are very thin.
Qilixiang pig (Bamaxiang pig) weighs only about 10 kg each. It is a rare miniature pig, which is famous for its fragrant meat and no milk smell. It is characterized by thin bones and short feet, thin skin and tender meat, and endless aftertaste. 1995 was named as "the hometown of China fragrant pigs" by the National Specialty Economic Professional Committee at the first batch of 100 product naming meeting held in Beijing People's Hall in March.
Qilixiang pig (Bama Xiang pig) comes from a native pig. It is said that it is domesticated by wild boar, and people call it "wax gourd pig", "banana pig" or "double-headed black pig". Because of its crisp bones and tender meat, it was called "Xiang Pig", and it was officially named "Bama Xiang Pig" on 1982 when the Guangxi Livestock and Poultry Breed was published. In the past, due to the traffic information occlusion and the feudal idea of "not borrowing seeds", the masses have always adopted a closed breeding method of keeping offspring and mating mothers for high inbreeding. After hundreds of years, they finally created such an excellent variety with homozygous genes and unique appearance. At the same time, due to long-term natural selection, a large number of harmful genes were gradually eliminated, achieving their stable genetic performance and putting an end to stillbirth and malformation. Because Bama Xiang pig is still a wild and early-maturing variety, in today's production practice, people still use local hybridization and inbreeding to a certain extent to maintain its unique shape, appearance, yield and meat quality.
Bama Xiang pig is handsome in appearance, short, small, round and precocious. Appearance and color characteristics are mainly black at both ends and white in the middle. Some individuals have slightly dark spots on their backs and waists, and white lines or inverted triangular white spots on their foreheads, commonly known as "two black heads" and "banana pigs". Piglet's fur is thin and shiny, and its skin is rosy and delicate. Adult pigs have long fur, especially boars, whose fur and mouth are as thick as those of wild boar. Bama Xiang pig has strong resistance to roughage, strong adaptability and strong disease resistance; Sexual maturity is 99- 127 days (boars can secrete gonads and produce sperm on 16 days at the earliest, generally 26-50 days), and the sexual maturity weight of sows is 14-2 1 kg; Adults weigh 35-45 kg. The slaughter rate of 8- 10 kg piglets is 6 1%, the proportion of hind legs is 28.47%, the carcass lean meat rate is 59.36%, and the eye muscle area is 5.74cm2. The sows give birth to two babies a year, with an average of 1 1.5 per fetus, and the weaning rate is over 95%.
Huanjiang Zhu Xiang
Huanjiang Xiang pig has a long history and is one of the excellent local breeds in Guangxi. It is produced in five towns of Minglun, Dongxing, Longyan, Shang Chao and Xunle in the northeast of Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County. In 2000, it was listed in the national protection list of livestock and poultry varieties, and in 2003 it passed the registration and certification of national geographical indications of origin. Its individual is small and exquisite, and its coat color is all black and shiny. 2-month-old weaned piglets, weighing 6-8 kg, can be made into roast suckling pigs, preserved suckling pigs or cut and eaten. Huanjiang Xiang pig skin is thin and thin, not fishy or greasy, not slippery or fat, and the meat is tender and fragrant, which has been deeply loved by people since ancient times. It is said that in the Qing Dynasty, people gave small fragrant pigs as gifts to dignitaries. On holidays, people in producing areas also use small fragrant pigs as gifts for entertaining guests and foreign exchange activities. In recent years, with the development of fragrant pig processing industry, Huanjiang fragrant pigs are exported to both inside and outside the region and are favored by people. Therefore, Huanjiang Xiang pig was called a "noble family" in ancient times, and now it is known as "the best food in the world".
Huanjiang Xiang pork is not only delicious and nutritious, but also has special effects on some diseases of human body. According to Jinan University's analysis of nutritional components of Huanjiang Xiang pork, it is a delicious meat food with high protein, low fat, complete amino acids and high content, especially glutamic acid content as high as 25.4 mg/g.. Huanjiang Xiang pig has become a famous and excellent animal product and a local characteristic industry. In recent years, Huanjiang Xiang pig has established a seed conservation farm to ensure the purity of breeding pig germplasm, and its production and development have begun to take shape. According to statistics in 2003, Huanjiang Xiang pig has a total of sows16,400, and produces and sells more than 250,000 small Xiang pigs every year. Eight pig processing plants in Huanjiang Township have been built in the county, with an annual output of more than 400,000 pigs. The main products are frozen white pig, roasted whole pig, preserved whole pig and other series, and the products are sold inside and outside the region. In the second half of 2002, 5 tons of white striped Huanjiang Xiang pig was put on the market for trial sale in Macao, which was well received.
Radish pig
Radish pig is native to Guizhou province, and its coat color is mainly black, with white hair on its forehead, feet and tail tip.
Adult male Xiang pigs generally weigh 25 kg, and piglets 1-4 months old grow rapidly, reaching 20 kg at 4 months old, and grow slowly after sexual maturity. Adult female Xiang pigs generally weigh about 30 kilograms, and the big ones can reach 35 kilograms. Female Xiang pigs usually have 4-5 fetuses and 8- 10 second fetuses. The average weight of piglets at birth is 450g, 1 month-old average weight 1kg, with a body length of 30cm and a chest circumference of 32cm.
Radish pig is characterized by small size, stable heredity and systematic purification. It has been recognized as a precious variety by relevant experts and has high scientific research, economic and social value.
Qiandongnan Xiang pig
It is mainly distributed in Congjiang area of Jiuwan Mountain in the southeast of Guizhou Province. This kind of fragrant pig has short body, straight head, few wrinkles on forehead, small and thin ears, slightly flat or slightly drooping to both sides: wide back and waist, slightly concave. The abdomen is big and round and touches the ground, and the hindquarters are fuller [www.nczfj.com/]; The limbs are short and thin, and the hind limbs lie more; The skin is thin and the flesh is fine, the coat color is mostly all black, accounting for about 98.44%, and the nipples are generally 5 ~ 6 pairs. According to the investigation of origin, Xiang pigs are divided into two types: large and small. They account for 30% and 70% respectively, and their 7-month-old weight is about 32 kg and 25 kg respectively. Compared with other Xiang pig breeds, Qiandongnan Xiang pig has four characteristics: small, fragrant, pure and clean. Xiang pig meat is rich in nutrition.
Yi Bei Zhu Xiang
Yi Bei Xiang pigs are mainly distributed in Huanjiang County, Minglun County, Dongxing County and Xunle County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Xiang pig has two body shapes, the same point is: the forehead is flat, with 4 ~ 6 deep horizontal stripes: the ear thickness extends horizontally to the front side; The back hair is black and thin, and the mane is thick. It is 3 ~ 4 cm long, and a few pigs have white hair on their feet, foreheads and tails. The forelimb posture is correct, the hind limb is lying down, and the nipples are 5 ~ 6 pairs, arranged neatly. The difference is: a pig has a moderate head, drooping ears, a slightly curved mouth, a thin neck, a long body, a deep and narrow chest, a concave back and strong limbs; The other pig has a short mouth, small ears, short and thick neck, short and round body, short feet, accounting for only 7.9% of the total weight of bones, and its back and waist are sunken. Sweep the floor with a big belly
Tibetan Xiang pig
Tibetan fragrant pig is also called pipa pig. Its origin is in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Small body, long straight mouth tube, conical shape, narrow forehead, few wrinkles on the forehead, small and upright ears, or horizontally extending to both sides, flexible rotation, short body, narrow chest, straight back or slightly arched waist, flat belly line, hindquarters higher than forequarters, and sloping hips. Strong and compact limbs. The hoof is firm and upright. The mane is long and dense, the length is generally12 ~18cm, and each pig can cut 93 ~ 250g of mane. The coat is mostly black, accounting for about 83%. Some pigs have the characteristics of "six whites", and a few are brown. There are five pairs of nipples. Adult pigs weigh about 35.9 ~ 40.95438+0 kg, and sows are slightly larger than boars. The slaughter rate of adult pigs is as high as 66.60%, and the lean meat rate is 52.55%. Tibetan fragrant pig is one of the rare plateau pig breeds in the world, which can adapt to harsh environment, with small size, thin skin, high lean meat rate and fragrant meat. It is the leader of the fragrant pig family. Food intake: the food intake of small fragrant pigs is much smaller than that of domestic pigs, generally eating more than one or two at a time.
First, pay attention to the choice of pig breeds. When introducing pigs, the appearance, growth and development, pedigree, genetic defects and other aspects should be strictly investigated, and the breed characteristics are obvious and the reproductive function is vigorous, and the pedigree card of pigs should be brought back for future reference.
Second, pay attention to the local environment. Imported fragrant pigs must meet the living consumption level of local people and the needs of economic development. At the same time, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of breeds, climate and breeding management, so as to determine the local domestication measures after the introduction of Xiang pigs, create the necessary breeding management conditions and ensure the breeding benefits of Xiang pigs.
Third, pay attention to the season. When introducing fragrant pigs, it is best to spend autumn and winter in late spring after a warm summer when the temperature gradually drops, and it is required to do a good job of cold protection after wintering and gradually adapt to local natural conditions.
Fourth, pay attention to the age of pigs. It is better to introduce fragrant pigs to piglets about 4 months old or a little older. Pigs have a strong adaptability and can easily accept the changed external living conditions at a young age. Imported pig breeds should not be scattered, but should be concentrated in 1 or several pig farms to create good feeding and management conditions, and at the same time, make observation records, do a good job in breeding and breeding, and gradually promote them after adaptation.
Five, pay attention to the spread of epidemic prevention. When imported from other places, it is necessary to concentrate on isolated feeding for 1 ~ 2 months, strengthen epidemic prevention and disinfection, pay attention to eliminating and preventing the threat of endemic parasitic diseases and infectious diseases, and ensure the safety of imported pigs.