Harbor culture is a traditional culture method in China, with a culture area ranging from ten hectares to several hundred hectares. Generally, it is surrounded by dams according to the natural topography of the intertidal zone in the sea area, and the culture equipment is simple.
In breeding, seedlings are generally accepted naturally, and workers can also be put in, but products are provided entirely by natural productivity without fertilization or bait.
Its products include fish, crab, shrimp, shellfish, etc. The variety of artificial seedlings can also produce more than ten kilograms per mu, and the comprehensive benefit can reach hundreds of yuan.
Harbor culture is a kind of breeding method worth promoting and developing. Especially in recent years, the serious outbreak of shrimp disease and the serious eutrophication in the offshore area show the great advantages of this method.
2. Semi-intensive cultivation method
It was developed on the basis of Hong Kong culture. That is to build an ecological environment suitable for the survival and growth of prawns, so that prawns can obtain higher yield per unit area.
The establishment of ecological environment includes the artificial control of water temperature, salinity, transparency, sediment, water depth and harmful organisms, so that it can be in the most suitable environment needed by prawns, and then through reasonable seedling release and bait feeding, higher yield can be obtained.
This method has few adverse effects on the environment because of less bait and less organic matter in shrimp wastewater, and can achieve high economic benefits. Therefore, it is also a breeding method worth popularizing.
3. Intensive cultivation methods
Generally, this culture method is adopted in small ponds. Raising shrimp in this way requires good pond conditions, high water exchange rate, aerobic equipment and complete facilities, mainly artificial high-quality bait, and high seedling release per unit area.
As long as the environmental control is reasonable and the feeding is reasonable, the higher yield can generally be obtained. The domestic intensive cultivation yield per mu is as high as 1050 kg, and the benefit is also very high.
However, this method requires a lot of money, large investment, high risk, high bait coefficient and serious environmental pollution. Therefore, from the long-term benefits, large-scale promotion should not be advocated.
4. Polyculture mode
Polyculture refers to the stocking of other species such as fish, shellfish, algae and crabs while raising shrimp, and the cultured products include shrimp and polyculture species.
In principle, the selection of polyculture species is not harmful to prawns, does not affect the survival and growth of prawns, does not compete with prawns for food or has weak ability to compete for food, and it is better to be omnivorous or saprophagous, which can make use of prawn residual bait.
Mixed culture can improve the utilization rate of bait, reduce the organic pollution of shrimp wastewater, increase the yield and increase economic benefits, and also reduce the risk caused by the disease and failure of single-cultured shrimp.
5. Other ways
There are many other ways of culture, such as intensive shrimp culture, shrimp culture in net enclosure, shrimp culture in cage and so on. These farming methods are rarely used in China.