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Chinese name: sunflower
Alias: Hibiscus, Polygonum hydropiper, Grape Tree, Oil Bean, Auricularia auricula, Cauliflower, Tofu Vegetable, Zi Kui.
Sunflower, carmine, radish.
Latin scientific name: sunflower.
Field: the field of plants
Phylum: Angiosperm phylum
Category: Dicotyledonous plants
Objective: Central suborder
Family: Malvaceae.
Genus: mallow.
Morphological characteristics:
Annual twining herbs. The stem can be several meters long, hairless, fleshy, green or purplish red. The leaves of mallow are ovoid or nearly round, 3-9 cm long and 2-8 cm wide, with a tapering tip, a slightly heart-shaped or round base, a downward extending petiole and slightly convex veins on the back; Petiole length 1-3 cm, grooved. Spike axillary, 3- 15 (-20) cm long; Bracts very small, caducous; Bracteoles 2, calyx-shaped, oblong, persistent; Perianth reddish or lavender, ovoid, entire, blunt at the top, folded inward, white at the bottom, connected into a tube; Stamens are inserted at the mouth of perianth tube, filaments are short, base is flat and wide, white, anthers are light yellow; Stigma elliptic. The fruit is spherical, 5-6 mm in diameter, red to dark red or black, juicy, surrounded by persistent bracteoles and perianth. The flowering period is May to September, and the fruiting period is 7-65438+1October.
Nutritional value:
The nutritional value is high. According to the determination, every 1 kg edible part contains protein 1 7g, fat 2g, carbohydrate 3g1g, calcium 2g, phosphorus 290mg, iron 22mg, carotene 45.5mg, nicotinic acid10mg and vitamin/kloc-. It has the effects of relaxing bowels, clearing away heat and toxic materials, strengthening brain and lowering cholesterol. Regular consumption can lower blood pressure, benefit the liver, clear heat and cool blood, and prevent constipation.
Edible
Leaves contain various vitamins, calcium and iron, and are cultivated as vegetables. Fruit juice can be used as a harmless food colorant.
It is one of the main road vegetables in summer and high temperature season in southern China. Sunflower is rarely cultivated and has been listed as a rare vegetable. Sunflowers feed on young leaves, young stems and shoots. The taste is fresh, tender and smooth. You can fry it, either hot or cold. Its taste is crisp and refreshing, like fungus, and it has a unique flavor. Note: spleen is cold and inedible. Pregnant women should not take it.
Medicinal value
As a laxative, the whole grass has the effects of moistening intestine, dissipating heat and facilitating defecation. Flower juice has the effect of clearing blood and detoxifying, and can relieve acne toxin. External application can treat carbuncle and nipple rupture.
Medicinal parts: leaves or whole grass, flowers and fruits are used as medicine.
Falling sunflowers
Chinese medicine name: leaf or whole grass: sunflower.
Flowers: Sunflowers. Fruit: sunflower seeds.
Functions: clearing heat and relaxing bowels, cooling blood and detoxicating, treating constipation, short urine, dysentery, hematochezia, macula and acne.
① "No recording": main sliding and heat dissipation. 2 Outline: Benefiting the large intestine.
③ Lingnan Collection of Medicines: Treating damp-heat dysentery. 4 Fujian folk herbs: purging heat and smoothing intestines, eliminating carbuncle and detoxifying.
⑤ Journal of Jiangsu Botanical Medicine: It is a gynecological hemostatic.
⑥ "Luchuan Materia Medica": cooling blood, detoxifying, diminishing inflammation and promoting granulation. Treat toxic heat, fire sore, blood itching and macula.
⑦ Quanzhou Herbal Medicine: Treating constipation, short and astringent urine and chest tightness. [8]?
pay attention to
(1) The Outline has a cold spleen and is not suitable for eating. ② Pharmacology of Nanning: Pregnant women should not take it.
Collecting processed leaves or whole grass: collecting leaves or whole grass in summer and autumn, washing, removing impurities, fresh use or drying in the sun. Flowers: Picked in spring and summer, rarely used. Fruits: harvested and dried after the fruits are ripe in July -65438+ 10. [4]?
Chemical composition leaves contain dextran and mucopolysaccharide (including L- arabinose and D- galactose).
Falling sunflowers
L- rhamnose and uronic acid), β -carotene and other carotenoids and organic acids. It also contains saponin, iron, etc.
Pharmacological effects: antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral.
Functional leaves or whole grass: sweet, sour and cold. Flowers: bitter, bitter and cold. Leaves or whole grass: relaxing bowels, clearing away heat and promoting diuresis, cooling blood and detoxifying, and promoting blood circulation. Flowers: cooling blood and detoxifying. Fruit: Moisturizing and beautifying.
Meridian tropism "Quanzhou Materia Medica": entering the heart, liver, spleen and large and small intestine meridians.
Indications: Leaves or whole grass: constipation, short and astringent urine, dysentery, toxic heat ulcer and traumatic injury. Flowers: pox virus, nipple rupture. Leaves or whole grass: oral: decocted, 10- 15g, fresh 30-60g. External use: appropriate amount, freshly pounded; Or mash it. It should be used with caution for people with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold, and should not be used by pregnant women. Flowers: external use: appropriate amount, freshly mashed juice. Fruit: external use: take proper amount, grind and apply it to make facial fat.
Additional prescription
① Treatment of constipation: Cook fresh sunflower leaves as non-staple food. (Quanzhou materia medica)
② Treatment of short and astringent urine: two or two fresh sunflower seeds each time. Decoct soup instead of tea (Quanzhou materia medica)
Falling sunflowers
(3) Treatment of long-term bleeding: one or two sunflower seeds, one or two white bean roots and one old hen (head, feet and viscera removed). Add some water to stew. ("Minnan Folk Herbs")
④ Treatment of chest obstruction caused by accumulated heat: 2-2 fresh sunflower seeds each time. Warm wine and decoction. (Quanzhou materia medica)
⑤ Treatment of hand and foot wind arthralgia: one or two fresh sunflower branches, one pig's trotters or one old hen (head, feet and viscera removed). And water and wine. ("Minnan Folk Herbs")
⑥ Treatment of furuncle: More than ten pieces of fresh sunflower. Mash it into a paste and change it once or twice a day. (Fujian folk herbs)
⑦ Treatment of appendicitis: two to four fresh sunflower seeds. Decoct with water. (Fujian Chinese herbal medicine)
⑧ Treatment of traumatic bleeding: Mash fresh leaves of Abelmoschus manihot and rock sugar and apply them to the affected area. (Minnan folk herbs) (from dictionary)
Dai Medicine (Dai Xi): Cure parotitis, diarrhea, dysentery, frequent abdominal pain and emaciation. (Source: China Ethnic Medicine, Jia Minru, Li Xingwei, China Medical Science and Technology Press, 2005)
Remarks: Some parts of Yunnan Province believe that this product has the effect of nourishing and strengthening, and the whole grass can be used for dizziness after a long illness; Root treatment of malnutrition edema and other symptoms; Flowers cure nipple rupture and chicken pox. (Excerpted from the National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine)
pharmacological action
1. antipyretic effect: 20ml/kg juice extracted from fresh sunflower seeds was given to the stomach, which had obvious antipyretic effect on yeast-induced fever in rats; 10ml/kg has antipyretic effect only at 1h and 2h after administration, but it has no obvious effect at 5h after administration.
2. Anti-inflammatory effect: The new formula of Artemisia capillaris has obvious inhibitory effects on egg white foot edema, formaldehyde foot edema, capillary permeability increase in mice caused by acetic acid, leukocyte migration in rats caused by methyl cellulose acetate (CMC), and cotton granuloma in rats, and the effect is slightly weakened at the dose of 10ml/kg.
3. Anti-virus effect The water extract from the leaves of this plant has inhibitory effect on tobacco mosaic virus, and its effective component is a glycoprotein.