Italian history
Italian belongs to the Romance family of Indo-European languages. French, Romanian and Spanish all belong to this language family. Besides Italy (including Italy's San Marino and Vatican), there are also parts of Switzerland (Ticino) and some independent African countries. For example, Somalia, which was ruled by Italy in the past, also used Italian as its official or common language.
Italian evolved from Latin. Although there are great differences in dialects in different regions of Italy, they all come from Latin, the language of the ancient Roman Empire. In 960 AD, the first written record about vulgar Latin was found in Monte Cassino.
Italian was formally formed around 1200. Italian vocabulary, except Greek, Germanic and Arabic, mainly comes from Latin, and its grammatical features are close to Latin. Because Latin has always been regarded as the only written language with strict rules in Italy, the process from Latin to Italian is very slow.
After the collapse of the Roman Empire, combined with the characteristics of dialects in various regions, vulgar Latin developed rapidly in Italy. The earliest dialect is Sicily dialect, and then gradually formed Tuscany dialect, and achieved a dominant position, becoming the main basis of Italian standard language.
Why can Tuscan dialect become the basis of Italian standard language? There are three reasons. First, Tuscany enjoys a superior geographical position, religion is prevalent, commerce is developed, literature and art are prosperous, and its political position is important; Second, the dialect itself is very close to Latin. Third, 13 and 14 th century, some Italian writers wrote books in Tuscan dialect. Such as the battleship Dante AliGneki Cheri 1265- 132 1), decameron, giovanni boccaccio, etc.
Italian pronunciation
First, almost all Italian words end in vowels (except foreign words). Vowels are not weakened. Even unstressed vowels. No matter how long the word is and how many syllables there are, the last vowel must be pronounced as clearly as all vowels. Never swallow the sound. Such as fortunatamente (Lucky), industrializzazione (Industrialized), considerrvole (Significant, Huge), otorinolaringoiatria (Otolaryngology).
Second, when Italian is pronounced, the muscles of the vocal organs are more tense, generally more tense than when English vowels are pronounced. Therefore, people who can speak English often have the disadvantage of poor pronunciation when learning Italian. Chinese vowels are relatively loose. When China learns Italian phonetics, he is often a little loose and unclear. This is the first thing we should pay attention to when learning Italian.
Third, the lip shape changes obviously when Italian vowels are pronounced. For example, when you pronounce O and U, your lips are round, when you pronounce A and E, your lips naturally open, and when you pronounce I, your lips are flat. When practicing pronunciation, you should strictly follow the pronunciation position and requirements, do a good job of lip movements, and you can't change the lip shape casually.
Fourth, Italian consonants have unvoiced and voiced sounds. Some people have a strict distinction between unvoiced and voiced sounds, so they should be clear and not vague. There are no voiced consonants B, D and G in the northern dialect of China, so northerners are prone to make mistakes in mixing. Pronunciation of clear consonants P, T and C in Italian is not equal to the corresponding consonants in English and Chinese, but should be crisp and neat. Such as ta, can only be sent? Big? , not? Him? Ca can only honk, not honk? Card? Pa, can't send: lie down, but send eight.
Fifth, Italian has Lickitung trill R, but Chinese doesn't.
Sixth, every sound in Italian is fluent, and there is no nasal vowel like French.
The stress in Italian usually falls on the penultimate syllable of every word. If the sole (the sun), scaffolding (scaffolding), spettatore (the audience). However, some words fall on the penultimate syllable, such as musica music, titolo topic and different. Others fall on the last syllable, such as pero.
Except for language reference books, no newspapers, magazines and books are stressed. Except those whose stress falls on the last letter.
Italian spelling
Italian retains the characteristics of Romanesque family, that is, how to read and write. Because each syllable has specific pronunciation rules, serious beginners can basically do correct dictation in one month.
Italian grammar
Another feature of the Romanesque family is that the grammar is relatively complicated. Compared with English, the grammar of Italian is more changeable, especially the shift of verbs, which is a headache for beginners. Usually, the prototype of a verb has different deformation ways in different tenses, person and other backgrounds, especially the displacement of irregular verbs, which sometimes even makes people feel confused.
Although Italian looks so complicated, there are still 200 to 300 Italian graduates in China every year. Although not everyone continues to use this language, with the increasingly frequent exchanges between China and Italy, there is a growing demand for Italian talents in China. As a result, various training courses have sprung up, injecting fresh blood into Italian teaching.
Italian listening
This is the basic ability to learn any language. The purpose of learning a foreign language is to communicate with foreigners, and the basis of communication is to understand what others say first. Through personal experience, I feel? Listen. It's not a simple matter. Italians speak very fast and have many dialects. When people from different regions speak, they always have certain accents, dialects and dialects, and it is difficult to judge their meaning for a while. In Italy, many northerners speak in a falling tone, with a stiff and firm tone; Central Chinese people generally speak in vague terms, omitting some suffixes, and their intonation tends to be stable, with obvious cadence; Southerners have strong accents, open mouths and often pronounce with their throats. These characteristics need a long time to understand. Of course, when we communicate with a new friend, we don't have to be overly afraid of the other person's accent. We just need to concentrate on adapting to each other's pronunciation habits, and at the same time focus on grasping the verbs in each other's speech, from which we can understand their general meaning.
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