Su Shi (1037-1101), also known as Zizhan, also known as Hezhong, was born in Meishan, Sichuan. A famous politician, writer, poet, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty. One of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi experienced the five dynasties of the Northern Song Dynasty: Renzong, Yingzong, Shenzong, Zhezong and Huizong. When he first entered the official career, the political and social crisis in the Northern Song Dynasty began to be exposed, and the call for reform among scholar-bureaucrats became increasingly louder. During the Xining reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi implemented new laws in the hope of changing the situation of poverty and weakness in the Song Dynasty. Although Su Shi advocated reform, opposed conformity to the past, and curbed power, he did not agree with Wang Anshi's reform theory. Su Shi believed that "haste makes waste," and suggested that Emperor Shenzong's special policy should not "seek governance too quickly, recruit people too much, and promote opinions too widely." . Because these opinions and suggestions were criticized by the reformists
Lu You (1125-1210), a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, studied hard throughout his life, wrote many beautiful poems on educating children, and had a patriotic heart. . He was born in a family of officials who "lived in poverty and studied hard" to become an official. Lu You's great ancestor was Lu Zhen, the Taifu of Song Renzong, his grandfather Lu Dian, and his father Lu Zai. It was an era when corruption in the Song Dynasty was low and it was repeatedly invaded by the Jin Kingdom (Jurchen tribe). The year after his birth, Jin Bing captured Bianjing, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. He fled with his family when he was still in his infancy. Affected by the social and family environment, he determined to kill Hu (Jin Bing) and save the country from an early age.
Although the feudal family gave Lu You a good cultural influence, especially patriotic education, it also brought misfortune to his marriage. When he was 20 years old, he married his cousin Tang Wan. The couple had a close relationship, but his mother did not like Tang and forced them to separate. Tang remarried Zhao Shicheng, and Lu You also married Wang. Lu You was very sad after the divorce. When he was traveling through Shen Garden in the 25th year of Shaoxing at the age of 31, he met Tang Wan and his wife by chance. Lu You wrote the poem "Chai Tou Feng" on the wall of Shen Garden to express his deep affection. After that, he wrote poems in memory of him many times. Until the age of 75, he wrote the famous love poem "Shenyuan". Tang was so sad after reading Lu You's "The Hairpin-Headed Phoenix" that he composed a poem about "The Hairpin-Headed Phoenix" and died soon after.
Lu You was "able to write poems and essays at the age of twelve", learned swordsmanship, and studied military literature. At the age of 29, he went to Lin'an Provincial Examination and ranked first. The following year, he participated in the examination of the Ministry of Rites. Because he ranked ahead of the grandson of Qin Hui, the powerful official of the Zhuhe faction, and because he did not forget the national humiliation and "happy talk about restoration", he asked "to enrich the family first in matters of gifts, and to deal with big businessmen in matters of taxation", so he was deposed by Qin Hui. . Hui died, and in the 28th year of Shaoxing he became the chief registrar of Ningde County, Fuzhou. In the 30th year of Shaoxing, he summoned the official who was deleted by the imperial edict. Xiaozong succeeded to the throne and was granted a Jinshi background. Later, because he urged Zhang Jun to go to the Northern Expedition, there was a disagreement between his subordinates and generals. In addition, the Zhuhe faction blocked Rao, and the imperial court was immediately shaken. Lu You was also labeled as "the one who gave advice to the public, sang the right and wrong, and exemplified Zhang Jun's use of troops." dismissed from office on charges. In the sixth year, he started to pass judgment on Kuizhou.
In the eighth year of Qiandao (1172), the main battle general Wang Yan hired Lu You to assist in military affairs in the middle of the curtain, which caused great changes in Lu You's life. Military life opened his arms and he wrote many passionate and patriotic poems. "The frost is flying across my face and the cold is pressing down on my fingers, but I only want to serve the country with an inch of loyalty" can be said to be a portrayal of his life and mood during this period. Although Lu You was full of sincerity to serve his country, due to the corruption of the imperial court, he only wanted peace and no ambition to make progress, and his ambition to restore the country was never given the opportunity to expand.
In the second year of Chunxi (1175), Fan Chengda invited Lu You to join his staff and serve as a counselor of the Chengdu Road Appeasement Department. Lu and Fan were friends in poetry and literature, so they did not adhere to official etiquette, which aroused ridicule from their colleagues; and because their ambition to restore the country and personal fame could not be extended for a long time, they often behaved in a more indulgent and frivolous manner, and were criticized by their colleagues. "Regardless of etiquette and decadence based on wine." So Lu You simply called himself "Fang Weng" and mocked himself in his poems. In the fifth year of Chunxi reign, Changping tea salt on Fujian Road was promoted. In the sixth year of Chunxi's reign, Jiangnan West Road was renamed [7]. In the thirteenth year of Chunxi's reign, he learned about Yanzhou[8]. In the fifteenth year of Chunxi's reign, he served as a military commander.
After that, he was promoted and demoted many times. For more than 20 years after the first year of Guangzong Shaoxi (1190), he stayed dormant in his hometown in the countryside of Shanyin for a long time. White tea is so sweet that I don’t feel poor.” Because he was good at maintaining health and loved to eat barley and fungus, he was still able to hear and see well in his old age. During this period, although he still proposed fighting against the enemy to the court, he was always criticized. Finally, he passed away on December 29, the second year of Jiading (1209) (lunar calendar date, January 26, 1210 AD) with the regret of not seeing the country regained, at the age of 86 [1].
[Edit this paragraph] Historical evaluation
Many of Lu You's poems express the heroic spirit of fighting against the Jin Dynasty and the hatred of enemies and traitors. The style is majestic and unrestrained, melancholy and tragic, and overflowing with emotion. With strong patriotic passion, he made outstanding achievements in ideology and art. He was known as "Little Li Bai" during his lifetime. He not only became the leader of poetry in the Southern Song Dynasty, but also enjoyed a high status in the history of Chinese literature. The volume of lyrics is not as huge as that of poems, but it also embodies the spirit of patriotism that devastates the captives. Lu You's works include one volume of "Fang Weng Ci" and two volumes of "Weinan Ci". There are more than 130 poems in "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty" and "Notes of Laoxue'an". His famous lines such as "There are mountains and rivers where there is no way out, there are dark willows and flowers in another village", "The small building listens to the spring rain all night, and the deep alleys sell apricot flowers in the Ming Dynasty" have been widely recited by the people.
He always insisted on resisting the Jin Dynasty, and was constantly rejected and attacked by the establishment in his official career. In his middle age, he entered Sichuan to fight against the Jin Dynasty. His long-term military life enriched his literary content, and his works revealed great brilliance and he became an outstanding poet. "Swallowing the remaining captives with anger". Born when the Northern Song Dynasty fell, he was deeply influenced by the patriotism in his family when he was young. In response to the Ministry of Rites examination in Shaoxing, he was deposed by Qin Hui. Emperor Gaozong ascended the throne and was granted a Jinshi background.
His poetic artistic creation inherited the fine traditions of Qu Yuan, Tao Yuanming, Du Fu, Su Shi and others. He is an outstanding poet with far-reaching influence in the history of Chinese culture. His main works include "Weinan Collected Works", "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript", "Fang Weng Ci", "Book of the Southern Tang Dynasty" and "Notes of Laoxue'an".
The title of Lu You's book is hidden by the name of the poem. Lu You is also a skilled calligrapher and master of cursive and regular script. He claimed to "learn from Zhang Dian (Zhang Xu) in cursive calligraphy, and from Yang Feng (Ningshi) in running calligraphy." His calligraphy sketches are easy to pick up, elegant, graceful and straight, and his writing power was vigorous and unrestrained in his later years. Zhu Xi said that his writings were exquisite, rigorous and elegant, and his thoughts were lofty. There are not many books left, but the book treatise "Er Wang Shu". The works handed down from generation to generation include "Bitter Cold Tie", "Huaichengdu Poetry Tie" and so on.
His works mainly have two aspects: on the one hand, they are full of sorrow and anger, and they want to avenge the country's shame, restore the lost territory, and liberate the fallen people; on the other hand, they are leisurely and delicate, chewing out the profound and eternal life of daily life. The taste, ironing out the twists and turns of the current scenery. His students praised him and said: "The discussion of poetry is more than just a high-level crossing to the south. I also looked at the northern expedition." Forgetting the Central Plains is the same as worshiping the cuckoo." It is the realm that Du Fu lacks, so it is not very accurate to say that Lu You "has the same mentality as Baijuan", and we have not yet understood what makes him unique. Patriotic sentiment permeated Lu You's entire life and permeated all his works; he saw a painting of horses and encountered a few flowers. Hearing a chirp of wild geese, drinking a few glasses of wine, or writing a few lines of cursive handwriting would arouse thoughts of revenge and humiliation for the country, making his blood boil. Moreover, this craze broke out of the boundaries of his sober life during the day, and even overflowed into his body. Go to dreamland. This is also not found in other people's poetry collections.
[Edit this paragraph] Anecdotes and Allusions
Lu You, a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, suffered huge setbacks in his life. Not only was his official career bumpy, but his love life was also unfortunate.
In the 14th year of Shaoxing, Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, twenty-year-old Lu You married his cousin Tang Wan. The two were childhood sweethearts and treated each other as guests after marriage. However, Tang Wan's talent and close relationship with Lu You aroused dissatisfaction with Lu's mother, which eventually developed into forcing Lu You to divorce her. Lu You had a deep relationship with Tang Wan and did not want to separate. He pleaded with his mother again and again, but was scolded by her. Under the suppression of feudal ethics, despite all kinds of pleas, they finally reached the point of "holding hands and looking into each other's eyes with tears".
The truth: According to Lu You's own poems in his later years (Volume 14 of "Jiannan Poetry Manuscript"), Tang Wan was expelled by her parents-in-law because of her infertility.
Forced by his mother's fate, Lu You had no choice but to reluctantly separate from Tang Wan. Later, Lu You married another Wang family according to his mother's wishes, and Tang Wan was also forced to marry Zhao Shicheng from the same county according to his father's order. The happy marriage of this young couple was broken up in this way.
One spring ten years later, Lu You wandered alone in the Shen Family Garden in Shanyin City, full of melancholy. While he was sitting and drinking alone, drowning his sorrows with wine, he suddenly saw Tang Wan and her remarried husband Zhao Shicheng unexpectedly.
Although he had been separated from Logan for many years, he had not completely gotten rid of his feelings for Logan in his heart.
He thought that Tang Wan was his beloved wife in the past, but now she belonged to someone else, like the willow in the forbidden palace, out of reach.
Thinking of this, grief suddenly surged into his heart. He put down his wine glass and was about to leave. Unexpectedly, Tang Wan obtained Zhao Shicheng's consent and brought him a glass of wine. Seeing Tang Wan's move, Lu You felt her deep affection, and burst into tears. He raised his head and drank the glass of wine sent by Tang Wan. Bitters. Then, on the white wall, he wrote the inscription "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix", an eternal song.
What Lu You expresses in this poem is the sadness, guilt and deep love for Tang Wan after the love was destroyed, as well as his dissatisfaction with his mother for beating the mandarin duck.
After Lu You wrote the inscription, he looked at Tang Wan affectionately and then left sadly. After Lu You left, Tang Wan stood there alone and read the poem "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix" several times from beginning to end. She could no longer control her emotions and burst into tears. When she returned home, she felt sad and resentful, so she also composed a poem called "The Hairpin Phoenix". Tang Wan soon died of depression and resentment.
After that, Lu You went north to fight against the Jin Dynasty, and then moved to Sichuan and Sichuan to serve. After decades of ups and downs, he still could not relieve the nostalgia in the poet's heart. At the age of sixty-three, he "occasionally came to sew his pillow bag with chrysanthemums. "Sad and sad", he wrote two more poems with sad love words:
I picked yellow flowers as a pillow bag, and the curved screen is deep and fragrant.
Recalling the dream of forty-three years, the lights are dark and no one says the heartbreak!
A few days ago I wrote a poem on a chrysanthemum pillow, and compiled the remaining manuscripts in a bag to lock the spider silk.
Everything in the world has faded away, and only the fragrance remains like the old days!
When he was sixty-seven years old, he revisited Shen Garden and saw half of the broken wall with the inscription "The Hairpin-headed Phoenix". He was moved by the scene, filled with emotion, and wrote a poem to reflect on it:
The maple leaves are yellow at first, and the river Yang is worried about the new frost on the temples.
Lin Ting looked back with a sense of emptiness, and who could say that the road to the spring was heartbreaking.
The drunkenness on the broken wall is indistinct, the clouds are broken, and the dreams are blurry.
Over the years, all the delusional thoughts have been eliminated, and I return to the pouch niche to burn a stick of incense.
When the poet was seventy-five years old, he lived near Shen Yuan. This year Tang Wan passed away forty years. "Every time he entered the city, he would go to the temple and look at it, and he could not be overcome with emotion." When he revisited his hometown, he waved his emotions. The poem "Sinking Garden" was written with pen and tears: (1) The setting sun on the city draws a corner of mourning, and the sinking garden is not a restored pond. The spring waves under the sad bridge are green, and it was once the shadow of a startled dragon came.
(Part 2) The dream has faded and the fragrance has faded for forty years, and the old willows in the garden will no longer fly. This body is walking in the soil of Jishan, and its traces are still missing!
In the misty rain in the garden, in a trance, a gray-haired old poet was walking slowly across the Sadness Bridge, wandering among the fallen leaves on the ground. There is no sound of cicadas, no painted corners, only an old man staring silently at the broken wall.
When the poet was eighty-one years old, he wrote another poem about sleepwalking in Shen's garden, and wrote:
The road near the south of the city is already scary, and Shen's home is even more sad. The fragrance wears plum blossoms on guest's sleeves, and the green spring water grows on temple bridges.
Spring is coming again on the small street in the south of the city, with only plum blossoms but no people. The jade bones have long become soil under the spring, and the ink marks are still like dust on the wall.
These two poems are related with plum blossoms as the main image, which not only expresses that one's sentiments "are scattered into mud and ground into dust, but still have the same fragrance as before", they grow stronger with age and remain unchanged until death. It embodies Tang Wan's noble character and tenacious integrity, and also shows the love between the two. Although they have experienced the winds and frosts of the world and the ages, they remain unchanged.
The poet was eighty-four years old, only one year before his death. He once again visited Shen Garden and missed Tang Wan. This feeling will be unforgettable until his death.
The poem "Spring Outing" says: The flowers in Shen's home are like brocade, half of them were the old man who knew him.
It is also true that beauty eventually becomes ashes, unable to endure the dream of being too hasty.
Knowing that he will die soon, he still misses his beloved couple. This dream has lasted for fifty years - half a century. Although he still feels that he is in a hurry, he has won eternal life. This is the poet's noble wish. Sentiment and lofty spiritual realm.
Starting from the popular poem "The Hairpin Phoenix" and the legendary Tang Wan's singing, plus several of his poems dedicated to Shen Yuan to commemorate Tang Wan decades later, Lu You used In his life, he wrote a tragic and touching love tragedy that will last forever.
One year before his death, Lu You visited Shen Garden again and wrote his last poem in memory of Tang Wan: "Spring Outing": The flowers in Shen's home are like brocade, half of which he knew when he was released. I also believe that beauty will eventually become ashes, unable to bear the dream of being too hasty.
Opposition, Su Shi was forced to transfer outside, first as a judge in Hangzhou, and later as magistrate of Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places. Wherever he served as an official, he paid attention to understanding the people's sentiments and cared about the people's production and life. Wherever he went, he was supported and loved by the people.
Su Shi was the leader of the ancient prose movement in the Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu, with more than 4,000 prose works surviving to this day. His major contribution is that he and Ouyang Xiu established a stable and mature prose style, which is known as "Ou Su" in the world. His poems are fresh and natural, come from the beginning, seem to be picked up at the fingertips, are both solemn and humorous, clever and clumsy, broad in subject matter, rich in content, and diversified in style, which is a sign of the maturity of Song poetry. His representative works: "Drinking on the Lake after the First Clear Rain", "Begonia", "Inscription on the West Forest Wall", "Hui Chong's Evening Scene on the Spring River", "To Liu Jingwen", "Spring Night" >,<
Su Shi was based on Confucianism, and he was able to draw on the strengths of Buddhism and Taoism. He followed Confucianism without being stubborn, loved Taoism without being worldly, and practiced Zen without being sycophantic. Don't be arrogant and enjoy yourself when things are going well, and be able to be content with the situation in adversity. Use an optimistic, free and easy attitude to persist in the pursuit of life and beautiful things. Therefore, Su Shi was able to realize the transformation from real life to artistic life, turning his bumpy situation into a life full of artistic aesthetic taste, which was reflected in his rich and colorful literary and artistic creations.
Tan Qian (1594～1658). His ancestral home is Bianliang (now Kaifeng). He traveled south with the Song Dynasty and settled in Zaolin Village southwest of Yanguan. After the river collapsed, he moved to the west of Majing Port in Maqiao (now Maqiao, Haining). Our distant ancestors lived when the country was broken, and they themselves also lived in this historical background. The historians of the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. His original name was Yi Xun, his courtesy name was Zhong Mu, and he was from Maqiao. Ming Zhusheng. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Qian, with the courtesy name Rumu and the nickname Guanruo. Changing his name to "Qian" expresses his feelings about history and his own situation. Of course, it may also mean pursuing the great historian Sima Qian. There is a contemporary foreigner who studies Chinese history named "Shi Jingqian" in Han Dynasty. (Jonathan D. Spencer, Historian of Yale University). He was studious and studious since childhood, and his family was poor. He relied on copywriting, ghostwriting or writing (secretary) to make a living. He has never been an official in his life, so he relies on copying, ghostwriting or writing for others (secretary) to support his life. In my current words, he is a person who is truly dedicated to academics, self-taught, and then writes history privately. He is a historian who does not care about remuneration, does not seek fame, and has lived in poverty all his life, but lives with integrity, integrity, and a sense of mission and responsibility.
In the first year of Hongguang in the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645), he served as the record room of Gao Hongtu, the cabinet minister, who made suggestions and tried to restore it. He was highly appreciated by Gao Hongtu, Zhang Shenyan and others. Later, he was proposed to be the secretary of Zhongshu and the secretary of the Ministry of Rites. He felt that "the current situation is changing day by day, and there are deficiencies and achievements." He refused to give up and retreated home to live in seclusion.
Tan Qian is a well-versed reader of many books, a good scholar of various schools of thought, and a careful study of history, especially the allusions of the Ming Dynasty. He was determined to compile an accurate and credible history of the Ming Dynasty. Starting from the age of 27 in the first year of Tianqi (1621), it took more than 20 years and "six drafts were compiled into one hundred volumes" to complete this chronicle of the Ming Dynasty. The whole book has 5 million words and is named "Guoyan". The manuscript was stolen in 1647, the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty. He was 53 years old at the time. He rewrote it angrily and completed the new manuscript after four years of hard work.
In the 10th year of Shunzhi, he went north with the manuscript and visited the surrendered ministers, royal family, eunuchs and princes' retainers in Beijing to collect the remains of the Ming Dynasty, and inspected the historical relics on the spot to supplement and revise them. After the book was completed, it was signed "Jiangzuo Survivors" to express the pain of the country's subjugation. In the fourteenth year, he went to Pingyang, Shanxi (today's Linfen) to pay homage to his late teacher Zhang Shenyan, and died of illness there. Tan moved to Bianliang (now Kaifeng), his ancestral home, and moved south with the Song Dynasty family. He settled the theater in Zaolin Village, southwest of Yanguan. After the river collapsed, he moved to the west of Maqiao Majing Port. His other works include "Collection of Zaolin", "Collection of Poems of Zaolin", "Zaolin Zazu", "Records of Journey to the North", "Records of Journey to the West", "History", "Haichang Foreign Records", etc.
"Guoyan" is based on "Shilu of the Ming Dynasty". It refers to the history books of various families, conducts textual research and makes supplements. It draws on a wide range of materials and selects carefully. It is an important work for studying the history of the Ming Dynasty. The book contained a lot of derogatory remarks about the Manchus and could not be circulated at the time. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Zhang Zongxiang, a local resident, began to compile and edit the book into 108 volumes, which was published by Zhonghua Book Company in 1958.
In the first year of Tianqi (1621), Tan Qian was 28 years old. His mother died. He mourned at home. He read a lot of Ming Dynasty history books and felt that there were many mistakes and omissions, so he decided to write a true story. The wishes of the Ming Dynasty are credible and consistent with the historical facts of the Ming Dynasty. During the next twenty-six years of middle age, he carried his luggage and walked hundreds of miles. I searched everywhere for books, borrowed copies, was hungry for pears and thirsty for jujubes, read household records in the city, and searched for information. Finally, it took five years to complete the first draft. Afterwards, it was revised and revised one after another, and after twenty-six years of unremitting efforts, six drafts were revised, and the masterpiece "Guoyan" in 100 volumes and 5 million words was compiled. . Unexpectedly, two years later, in August of the fourth year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1647), the manuscript was stolen by a thief. He was filled with grief and worked hard to rewrite it. After four years of hard work, the new manuscript was finally completed. In the 10th year of Shunzhi (1653), at the age of 60, he traveled to Beijing with his second draft. He stayed in Beijing for two and a half years, visited the Ming Dynasty's ministers and old friends, collected the Ming Dynasty's legacy, documents and relevant historical facts, and conducted on-the-spot historical investigations. Relics, supplemented and revised. After the book was completed, it was signed "Jiangzuo Survivors" to express the pain of the country's subjugation
. , so that this painstaking masterpiece can be completed.
This thief can be called the most hateful thief in Chinese history! The thief only stole some money and clothes from time to time, but the poor family did not give the thief any surprise, so he took away Tan Qian's manuscript to vent his anger. This is a "historian" who has worked hard for twenty-six years. This thief should be killed instead! If I had the power of historical judgment, I would catch this thief and let him repay Tan Qian's "hard work". This is priceless hard work! We can completely understand Tan Qian's pain after his manuscript was stolen. For a 53-year-old scholar who spent his whole life in poverty and spent all his time in completing the manuscript, this blow is undoubtedly huge! Tan Qian sighed like this: Oh, I am exhausted! The literati's tenacity came into play at this time, and Tan Qian quickly emerged from the sinking and said: I still have my hand, I'd rather be gone!
How unfair fate is to this old man! Alas!
The "stealed goods" of this thief are not as good as those of the great thief who roams the world. That thief is despicable! What a despicable thief! In the 14th year of Shunzhi, shortly before Tan Qian's death, at the invitation of his friend Shen Zhongjia, he and his friend Qian Daqiu went to Pingyang, Shanxi. Passing by Liaocheng, Shandong, they encountered two robbers armed with knives. Tan Qian said calmly: "We are all scholars, and the box is full of broken books. Where did the money come from?" Upon seeing this, the robber clasped his fists and said he was "alarmed" and left.
It can be seen that these two robbers are much cuter than the despicable thief!
Second, Tan Qian’s integrity, composition and rejection:
Tan Qian has always made a living by copying for others, which is very difficult. Despite the hardships, he never gave up his principles for the sake of money and integrity.
In the winter of the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, a merchant ship smuggled ginseng from Japan, worth one hundred thousand gold. Land in Haining and proceed to Jiaxing. Yi ordered Liu Xianmo to arrest the smuggler but did not report it. He tried to embezzle the ginseng and was willing to negotiate a move and write a letter to the governor of Zhejiang to bribe him. Tan Qian believed that this was an important time and could not hide it, so he refused to write a letter. As a result, the matter was exposed and Liu Xianmo was dismissed from office.
In the twelfth year of Shunzhi, Tan moved to Beijing. Yang Yongjian, his fellow countryman and a Jinshi in Xinke, asked Tan Qian's old friend Shen Zhongjia to draft two letters for Tan Qian. Tan Qian reluctantly agreed. Later, Yang Yongjian sent someone to find him again, but Tan Qian refused. He wrote in his diary: I am old and will not be insulted by young people. Although the man named Yang is from Haining, he asked me to do whatever he wanted. It is nothing more than relying on your own title of Jinshi. You will be your senior official and I will be my poor scholar. We have nothing to do with each other.
(To this effect)
But he is willing to write for some people regardless of payment. When Shi Kefa was supervising the army in Yangzhou, the "Oath of Shi Xiangguo" was written by Tan Qian. In addition, he also drafted an "Essay on Begging for Help" for Shi Kefa.
In the first year of Hongguang in the Southern Ming Dynasty (1645), he served as the record room of Gao Hongtu, the cabinet minister, who made suggestions and tried to restore it. He was highly appreciated by Gao Hongtu, Zhang Shenyan and others. Later, he was proposed to be the secretary of Zhongshu and the secretary of the Ministry of Rites. He felt that "the current situation is changing day by day, and there are deficiencies and achievements." He refused to resign and retreated home to live in seclusion.