The fifth day of the fifth lunar month, commonly known as "Dragon Boat Festival". Ending means "beginning" and "beginning". The fifth day can be called Dragon Boat Festival. In the lunar calendar, the earthly branch marks the moon, the shade is built in the first month, February is the base, and May is noon in turn, so May is called noon month, and "five" is connected with "noon", and "five" is also the yang number, so the Dragon Boat Festival is also called Dragon Boat Festival, Worship for Wu, Duanyang and Zhongtian. According to historical records, the word "Dragon Boat Festival" first appeared in the local custom of Jin people and Zhou Dynasty: "Dragon Boat Festival in midsummer, cooking millet." Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional festival of Han nationality in China. The necessary activities of this day gradually evolved into: eating zongzi, dragon boat racing, hanging calamus and mugwort leaves, smoking Atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, and drinking realgar wine. It is said that eating zongzi and dragon boat racing is to commemorate Qu Yuan, so after liberation, the Dragon Boat Festival was named "Poet's Day" to commemorate Qu Yuan. As for hanging calamus, wormwood leaves, smoked atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica, drinking realgar wine is said to suppress evil spirits. Although the Dragon Boat Festival is celebrated every year, its origin is not very clear. To sum up, there are roughly the following statements.
First, in memory of Qu Yuan. This theory originated from the records of Wu Jun's "The Peace of Continuation of Qi" in the Southern Liang Dynasty and "The Time of Jingchu" in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. It is said that Qu Yuan threw himself into the river on the fifth day of May. Trapped by dragons after death, the world mourned. He throws five-color silk zongzi into the water every day to repel mosquitoes. It is also said that after Qu Yuan threw himself into the Miluo River, the local people immediately rowed for rescue, and all the way to Dongting Lake, but Qu Yuan's body was not found. It was raining at that time, and the boats on the lake gathered at the pavilion on the shore. When people learned that it was to salvage the sage Dr. Qu, they went out in the rain and rushed into the vast Dongting Lake. In order to mourn, people rowed on rivers, and later it gradually developed into a dragon boat race. Eating zongzi and racing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival seems to be related to commemorating Qu Yuan, as evidenced by Wen Xiu's poem "Dragon Boat Festival" in the Tang Dynasty: "The festival is divided into Dragon Boat Festival, and it is rumored that it is Qu Yuan. It is ridiculous that the Chu River is empty and cannot be washed directly. "
Second, Ying Tao said. This sentence comes from Cao E tablet in the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the Spring and Autumn Period, after the death of Wu Zixu, a loyal minister of the State of Wu, he became Shen Tao, and the world mourned and sacrificed, so there was the Dragon Boat Festival.
Third, the Dragon Boat Festival said. This statement comes from Wen Yiduo's Dragon Boat Festival Examination and Dragon Boat Festival History Education. He believed that the fifth day of May was the day when the "Dragon" tribe in ancient wuyue held totem sacrifices. The main reason is: (1) Eating zongzi and dragon boat racing are the two most important activities of the Dragon Boat Festival, both of which are related to dragons. Zongzi thrown into the water is often stolen by mosquitoes and dragons, and dragon boat races. (2) The relationship between race crossing and ancient wuyue is particularly deep. Besides, Wuyue people have the custom of tattooing constantly to look like a dragon. (3) The ancient folk custom of "tying the arm with colored silk" on the fifth day of May should be a relic of the tattoo custom of "Like a dragon".
Fourth, the theory of evil day. In the pre-Qin period, it was generally believed that May was a poisonous month and the fifth was an evil day. Midsummer in Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals stipulates that people should abstain from sex and fast in May. "Xia Zheng Xiao" records: "Store medicine this day to get rid of poisonous gas." It is recorded in "Da Dai Li" that "the livestock orchid takes a bath on May 5", and there are many legends that the fifth day is the taboo day for bathing to exorcise evil spirits. The famous Meng Changjun in Historical Records and Biography of Meng Changjun was born on May 5th. His father asked his mother not to have him, thinking that "a child born in May is longer than a family, which is not good for parents." "Custom Pass" was lost. "It is said that on May 5th, a child was born, and the male harmed his father and the female harmed his mother". Wang Chong, the author of Lun Heng, also described: "The first month and May are taboos; Kill your father and your mother in May of the first month. " Wang Zhene, a general of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was born on the fifth day of May. His grandfather named him "Zhen Xie". Evonne and Song Huizong were born on the fifth day of May, and were fostered outside the palace since childhood. It can be seen that it is a common phenomenon to regard the fifth day of May as an evil day in ancient times. It can be seen that this day has been an unlucky day since the pre-Qin period. In this way, it is logical to insert calamus and mugwort leaves to exorcise ghosts, smoke atractylodes rhizome and angelica dahurica and drink realgar wine to avoid the epidemic on this day.
Fifth, the summer mentioned on the solstice. Liu Deqian, who holds this view, put forward three main reasons in The Origin of Dragon Boat Festival and Interesting Talk about Traditional Festivals in China: (1) The authoritative book The Story of the Years of Jingchu did not mention the festival custom of eating zongzi on the fifth day of May, but was written on the solstice festival in summer. As for Du Jing, Du Taiqing's Jade Candle Collection in the Sui Dynasty listed it as an entertainment activity from summer to the sun, which shows that it was not necessarily to salvage Qu Yuan, a great poet who threw himself into the river. (2) Some contents in the custom of Dragon Boat Festival, such as "stepping on a hundred herbs", "fighting a hundred herbs" and "picking herbs", have nothing to do with Qu Yuan. (3) The first explanation of the Dragon Boat Festival in Beautiful Scenery at the Age of Years is: "The sun shines, and the Dragon Boat Festival is in midsummer, so it can also be called midsummer festival. Therefore, the earliest origin of the noon festival is the summer solstice. There are many controversies, and the theory of commemorating Qu Yuan has the most extensive influence. Because of Qu Yuan's outstanding personality and art, people are willing to attribute this anniversary to him.
The origin of eating zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival
Here is an interesting legend. In 340 BC, Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet and doctor of Chu, faced the pain of national subjugation. On May 5th, he threw a big stone into Guluo River with grief and indignation. In order to prevent fish and shrimp from damaging his health, people have thrown rice in bamboo tubes into the river. In the future, people will put rice in bamboo tubes and throw it into the river to pay homage to Qu Yuan. This is the origin of China's earliest zongzi-"tube zongzi".
Why did you wrap zongzi with wormwood leaves or reed leaves and lotus leaves later? There is such a record in the Elementary Book: During the Jianwu period of the Han Dynasty, Changsha people dreamed of a man who called himself Dr. San Lv (the official name of Qu Yuan) at night and said to him, "Everything you sacrificed was stolen by the dragon in the river. You can wrap them with mugwort leaves and tie the five-color silk thread later. Dragons are most afraid of these two things. " As a result, people made "corn millet" with "leaves wrapped in millet", which was passed down from generation to generation and gradually developed into the Dragon Boat Festival food in China.
Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, after eating Jiuzi Zongzi in the palace during the Dragon Boat Festival, Long Yan was overjoyed and full of praise, and happily wrote a poem: "The four seasons are so beautiful, and Jiuzi Zongzi seeks novelty."
Jiuzi Zongzi is a kind of Zongzi, that is, nine Zongzi are connected in a string, big and small, with the big one above and the small one below. They have different shapes and are very beautiful. They are made of silk threads of nine colors. Jiuzi Zongzi is mostly used for gifts to relatives and friends, such as gifts from mothers to married daughters and gifts from mother-in-law to newly-married wives. Because "Zongzi" is homophonic with "neutron", there is a folk saying that eating "Zongzi" can give birth to a son.
Wu Manyun, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, also wrote a poem praising Jiuzi Zongzi: "Even barrels of rice are wrapped in spring, Jiuzi is re-tied in colorful plumes, the green leaves are all white, and the lotus root is loose."
Zongzi not only has many shapes and varieties, but also has different tastes in different places, mainly sweet and salty. Sweet dumplings include white dumplings, red bean dumplings, broad bean dumplings, red date dumplings, rose dumplings, melon seeds dumplings, red bean paste lard dumplings, jujube paste lard dumplings and so on. There are pork jiaozi, ham jiaozi, sausage jiaozi, shrimp dumplings, diced pork jiaozi and so on, but pork jiaozi is more common. In addition, there are assorted jiaozi, jiaozi with bean paste and jiaozi with mushrooms. Southern flavor, and a sweet and salty "double dumplings". These zongzi have different tastes, which makes the zongzi family colorful.
Due to the spread of food culture, as early as ancient times, the technology of making zongzi in China spread abroad, so many countries in the world also have the custom of eating zongzi.
Why do people eat palm seed and race dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival? Why do people eat zongzi on the Dragon Boat Festival in May? Every year on the Dragon Boat Festival on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, there are customs of eating zongzi and racing dragon boats all over China. As we all know, this ancient custom handed down from generation to generation is to commemorate Qu Yuan. But why should we commemorate Qu Yuan in this way? It turns out that there is such an interesting story circulating in Qu Yuan's hometown. One night after Qu Yuan threw himself into the river, people in Qu Yuan's hometown suddenly dreamed that Qu Yuan was back. As before his death, his face was slightly sad and haggard. The villagers were so happy that they rushed forward to pay tribute to him. Qu Yuan returned the gift and said with a smile, Thank you for your hospitality. Chu people love and hate clearly. If you don't forget me, I will die without regret. Let's not talk about the old room. Everyone found that Qu Yuan's health was much worse than in the past, so they asked with concern: Dr. Qu, have you eaten the food we sent you? No; Thank you. Qu Yuan was grateful first, then sighed and said, What a pity. The rice you gave me was eaten by fish, shrimp, turtle and clam. Hearing this, the villagers were very anxious: how can we not let fish and shrimp eat? Qu Yuan thought for a moment and said: If rice is wrapped in bamboo leaves and made into corn with sharp corners, the aquarium will think it is water chestnut and dare not eat it. The following year, during the Dragon Boat Festival, villagers wrapped a lot of corn in bamboo leaves and threw it into the river. However, after the Dragon Boat Festival, Qu Yuan said in his dream: I ate a lot of corn you gave me, but many of it was taken away by the aquarium. Everyone asked him again; What else can I do? Qu Yuan said: There is a way. All you have to do is put the dragon tag on the boat with the corn. Because the aquarium is under the control of the dragon king, at that time, it will beat drums and blow horns and turn paddles. They thought it was a gift from the Dragon King, and they never dared to rob corn millet again, which is now Zongzi. Since then, the custom of making zongzi and rowing dragon boats has spread from Qu Yuan's hometown to the whole country, from ancient times to the present.
Adopt it
Why do people eat zongzi and race dragon boats to commemorate Qu Yuan on the Dragon Boat Festival?
Brown seeds are thrown out to prevent the body from being destroyed.
Dragon boat race is an expression of the urgency of saving Qu Yuan.
Why do you eat zongzi and race dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival? According to legend, these folk activities are to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a doctor and poet in San Lv, Chu. The fatuous king of Chu refused to adopt his couplets because of the slander of treacherous court officials. ...
Eating zongzi: People in Jingchu boiled glutinous rice or steamed zongzi cakes and threw them into the river to offer sacrifices to Qu Yuan on May 5, so they threw glutinous rice in bamboo tubes for fear of fish eating, and gradually replaced bamboo tubes with rice wrapped in zongzi leaves.
Dragon Boat Race: At that time, Chu people were reluctant to part with the death of the sage Qu Yuan, so many people rowed and chased to save people. They rushed to catch up, but when they arrived at Dongting Lake, there was no trace, because that was the origin of dragon boat racing, and then they rowed dragon boats on May 5 every year to commemorate it. Rowing a dragon boat to disperse the fish in the river so as not to eat Qu Yuan's body. The habit of competition prevailed in wuyue and Chu. Dragon Boat Race started in Taiwan Province Province in the 29th year of Qing Qianlong. At that time, Jiang, the chief executive of Taiwan Province Province, held a friendly match in Hexi Half Moon Pool in Tainan City. Now, Taiwan Province Province holds a dragon boat race on May 5th every year. There are boat races in Hong Kong. Recently, the British have followed China's example by organizing ghost teams and holding competitions.
Guangdong
Every year around the Dragon Boat Festival, many parents have the habit of taking their children to the river to soak in "dragon boat water" in order to pray for their children's good health and grow up quickly.
Eat zongzi, participate in or visit the dragon boat race by the river. Why is this? According to legend, these folk activities are to commemorate the great patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a doctor and poet in San Lv, Chu.
In 278 BC, Qin Jun conquered the capital of Chu. Qu Yuan was very sad when he heard the news. On May 5th, he threw himself into the river. People rowed boats from all directions to come to the rescue and threw zongzi into the river for fish and shrimp to avoid hurting Qu Yuan's health. This is the legend of the origin of eating zongzi by rowing dragon boats on the Dragon Boat Festival.
Dragon Boat Festival is a day to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Dragon boat racing originated from rescuing Qu Yuan. Eat zongzi, make sachets,