Effects and functions of blood exhaustion: eliminating blood stasis, relieving pain, stopping bleeding and regenerating muscle. It is classified as an antiemetic drug for removing blood stasis and stopping bleeding.

Botanical form perennial evergreen vine, up to 10-20 meters long. The stem is covered with leaf sheaths and is covered with sharp spines. Leaves pinnately compound at the tips of branches alternate, sometimes subopposite in the lower part; leaflets alternate, linear-lanceolate, ca. 20-30 cm long, ca. 3 cm wide, apex acute, base narrow, veins 3 out of parallel; petiole and leaf rachis with sharp spines.

Fleshy spikes with yellowish corolla-like flowers, unisexual, dioecious; perianths 6, arranged in 2 whorls; male flowers with 6 stamens, anthers long conical; female flowers with 6 sterile stamens, pistil 1, urceolate, ovary slightly ovate, densely covered with scales, styles short, stigmas 3-parted.

The fruit is drupelike, ovoid-globose, about 2-3 cm in diameter, russet, with yellow scales, the fruit contains dark russet liquid resin, often oozing out from under the scales, drying like a blood clot.