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Celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival has been a traditional habit of China people for more than two thousand years. Due to the vast territory, numerous nationalities and numerous stories and legends, not only many different festival names are produced, but also different customs exist in different places.
Its contents mainly include: daughter going back to her mother's house, hanging Zhong Kui statue, welcoming the ghost boat, hiding in the afternoon, sticking leaves in the afternoon, hanging calamus and wormwood, traveling in all diseases, wearing sachets, preparing sacrificial bowls, dragon boat races, competitions, hitting the ball, swinging, drawing children with realgar, drinking realgar wine, drinking calamus wine, eating poisonous cakes, salted eggs, zongzi and seasonal fresh fruits.
1, Pei Changming Lu
I hate wearing ornaments during the Dragon Boat Festival. Also known as life-sustaining line, life-sustaining line, life-prolonging line, longevity line, Baisuo line, Shao Bing line and multicolored line. , different names, basically the same shape and function. During the Dragon Boat Festival, it is made of five-color silk, or hung at the door, or worn around the child's neck, or tied on the child's arm, or hung on the bed curtain, cradle and other places. It is said that it can avoid disasters and get rid of diseases, bless well-being and prolong life.
This festival has five shapes: simple five-color silk threads are combined into a rope and tied to the arm; Decorate Suk Kim ornaments on colorful ropes and hang them around your neck; Colorful ropes are folded into squares and decorated on the chest; Colorful knots are worn by portraits; Embroider the sun, moon, stars, black beasts and other things with colored silk thread to pay tribute to the elders.
This custom began in the Han Dynasty. Ying Shao wrote "Lost Customs" in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "In the afternoon, tie your arms with colorful silks to avoid ghosts and soldiers, so that people will not get sick. One is a long-lived ghost fire, and the other is a soldier. " Later, they gradually got used to it, until it was near modern times.
Qing Fu Chaton's "Yanjing Years" recorded the custom at that time: "Every time the sun goes down, those who are clever in the boudoir will make tigers, zongzi, gourds, cherries and mulberries with colored threads and hang them on their hair pins or tie them on the backs of children." Among them, in the Tang and Song Dynasties, the imperial court gave ministers things like saving things. In the first year of Xingyuan in Tang Daizong, the court gave one hundred rope axes. "Book of Rites XV": "The day before, the golden thread was given an official life extension, and the colored thread was given an official life extension. Wear it on holidays. "
Step 2 wear sachets
Wear sachets, also known as sachets, sachets, wallets, etc. , is made of five-color silk thread or rags. It is filled with spices (made from Chinese herbal medicines, such as Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Cao Qin, Rhizoma Sparganii, Rhizoma Kaempferiae, Gan Song and Rhizoma Kaempferiae), which is worn on the chest and smells fragrant.
Chen Shiliang's Chronicle of Years Old quoted Miscellaneous Notes of Years Old as saying, "The Dragon Boat Festival is red and white, like a bag, with colored lines running through it and shaped like a flower." Another kind of "mussel powder bell": "On the fifth day, mussel powder is placed in silk and decorated with cotton, if there are several beads. Let the children take it to absorb sweat. " The things in these carry-on bags have changed several times, from sweat-absorbing mussel powder, amulets to ward off evil spirits, copper coins and realgar powder to sachets filled with spices, and their production has become increasingly exquisite, becoming a unique folk art of the Dragon Boat Festival.
Wearing sachets is very particular. In order to prevent diseases and keep fit, the elderly generally like to wear plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, peaches, apples, lotus flowers, dolls riding fish, dolls holding cocks, double lotus flowers and other shapes, symbolizing birds and flowers, all the best, loving each other and family harmony. Children like birds and animals, such as tigers and leopards; Monkeys on telephone poles, cockfighting to catch rabbits, etc.
Young people are most particular about wearing sachets. If they are lovers in love, affectionate girls will carefully make one or two sachets with their own characteristics a long time ago and give them to their lovers before the festival. The young man wore a sachet from his sweetheart, which naturally aroused the discussion of men and women around him and praised the ingenuity of the young man's object.
Step 3 avoid the five poisons
Dragon Boat Festival is a poisonous day and an evil day in the eyes of the ancients. This idea has been handed down in folk beliefs, so there is a custom of seeking peace and overcoming disasters. In fact, this is because the summer weather is hot and dry, people are easy to get sick, and the plague is easy to spread; In addition, snakes and insects bite easily, so be very careful, which forms this habit.
Step 4 collect herbs
This is one of the oldest customs of the Dragon Boat Festival. "Xia Zhengxiao" contains: "Store medicine this day to remove toxic gas." Volume 22 of Miscellaneous Medicine Collection quotes the lost article of Miscellaneous Medicine Collection at the Age of Jingchu: "On May 5, competing for miscellaneous medicine can cure all diseases." In the miscellaneous notes of Qi Yaomin's Book at the end of Wei Dynasty, there is a record of catching toads in May, which is also used in pharmacy.
Later, many areas have the custom of catching toads on the Dragon Boat Festival. For example, in Jiangsu, toads are harvested at noon and their foam is punctured to make traditional Chinese medicine toad venom. People in Hangzhou also give their children toads, saying that summer can reduce fire and prevent sores.
On the 5th, Mo Ding was put into the toad's mouth, hung and dried, and became a toad ingot, which could be dissipated by applying it to the abscess. This custom of catching toad medicine originated from the legend of "toad fighting for soldiers" in Han Dynasty. Another example is the custom of "collecting herbs" on the Dragon Boat Festival in Jianli, Hubei Province, which is also collecting herbs.
Herb picking is because the stems and leaves of herbs are mature and have good medicinal properties around the Dragon Boat Festival, and this custom was formed on this day.
5. Mulan soup
Taking a bath with orchid soup at noon is an ancient custom recorded in Da Dai Li. But the orchid in this paper is not an orchid, but a compositae plant, Eupatorium odoratum, which has a fragrant smell and can be cooked and bathed. "Nine Songs in the Cloud" also has the sentence "Bathing orchid soup will make you fragrant".
"The Chronicle of Jingchu": "May 5th is called the Blue Bath Festival." "Five Miscellanies" records that people in the Ming Dynasty took a bath with five-colored grass at noon because "there was no orchid soup".
Later, herbs such as cattail and wormwood were usually fried for bathing. In Guangdong, use wormwood, cattail, impatiens, magnolia and other flowers and plants; In Hunan, Guangxi and other places, cypress leaves, anemone roots, wormwood, cattail and peach leaves are used for bathing.
Regardless of men, women and children, the whole family washes. This custom still exists today. It is said that it can cure skin diseases and ward off evil spirits.
What does it mean to eat zongzi on Dragon Boat Festival?
1. Eating zongzi was originally to commemorate Qu Yuan. On the Dragon Boat Festival, people will put rice in bamboo tubes and throw it into the river to pay homage. This is the origin of the earliest zongzi, which gradually began to evolve into a rice ball wrapped in leaves and silk thread, and became the present zongzi.
2. There is another saying. In recent five years, there was a Changsha person who dreamed that Qu Yuan told him in the evening that all the things you sacrificed were for fish, shrimp and dragons in the river, so you must wrap them with wormwood and colorful silk thread when you pay homage in the future. At this time, dragons will not steal to eat, so gradually people began to make zongzi to drive away dragons in the river.
3. Zongzi has another meaning, that is, begging for a son. During the Dragon Boat Festival, some places give zongzi to each other, which means begging for children. So there are rumors that people can have sons after eating zongzi. Zongzi also has a homonym, which means that people will prosper in the future.
Taboos of Dragon Boat Festival
1, festive activities are prohibited during the Dragon Boat Festival.
The most important content of Dragon Boat Festival is to offer sacrifices to ancestors. Sadness is inevitable when offering sacrifices, so this day is not suitable for saying blessings to others, and of course it is not suitable for holding and participating in festive activities such as opening, marriage and celebration. In addition, the Dragon Boat Festival is the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year, which is the "anniversary of Yang Gong's death". It is absolutely not allowed to handle major events such as opening, construction, marriage and signing contracts on this day.
Avoid swimming in the river on Dragon Boat Festival.
Because May is an "evil month" and the fifth day is an unlucky day, some places avoid swimming on this day, especially where people drown. Because the Dragon Boat Festival "drowning ghosts" is the most fierce, it is necessary to find a pair to "return the sun", so there is a custom of throwing zongzi into the river to let him share the pair.
3. Don't eat zongzi wrapped by your mother during the Dragon Boat Festival.
In ancient times, my daughter got married and lived in her husband's family for a long time, rarely seeing her parents. From the early Tang Dynasty to the late Qing Dynasty, there was a custom of returning to her mother's house during the Dragon Boat Festival. However, in Shandong, it is said that the married daughter doesn't have to go back to her husband's family before the Dragon Boat Festival, that is, she can't spend the Dragon Boat Festival at her parents' home. Because there is a folk saying that "if you eat the Dragon Boat Festival Zongzi from your parents' house, the whole family will die. "
4. Sexual intercourse is forbidden during the Dragon Boat Festival.
The ancients believed that May was the month of nine poisons, and the Dragon Boat Festival was the first of nine poisons. If the qi of heaven and earth is wrong, it will inevitably affect people's body and mind, so if you have sex in nine poisonous days, you must be infected with evil spirits. Therefore, it is forbidden to have sex on the Dragon Boat Festival in the ancient training, and it is stipulated that from the first day of May to the fifth day of May, women should stay at their parents' home and the husband and wife are separated. This day is designated as "Mothering Day".
5. Dragon Boat Festival air attack.
As I said before, the Dragon Boat Festival is a poisonous month. From the meteorological point of view of the lunar calendar, it is from summer to around, so it is also the most sunny day of the year. From the perspective of the five elements, any kind of five elements that are too strong or too weak will form evil spirits, which will threaten and harm the natural climate or personal health. Therefore, it is necessary to insert moxa, peach skills, calamus and other spirits on the door during the Dragon Boat Festival. Smoke atractylodes macrocephala, angelica dahurica, drink realgar wine, etc.
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