The scientific name of hawthorn is "Xiacao"
A few days ago, a well-known talented woman asked me: "The name of the book "Hawthorn" that everyone likes to eat is What? No one knows."
What she asked was a wild vegetable. This wild vegetable is very common and often eaten by locals, but few people know what its scientific name is. Therefore, some local "literati" sat in a well and looked at the sky, and based on the pronunciation of the dialect, they made up names such as "Shan Mo Haw", "Alfalfa" and "Shan Wai Haw". There are even some merchants who are trying to be mysterious and promote in their sales advertisements that "Alfalfa has extremely demanding living environment and conditions. It only grows on high mountains. It embraces the aura of heaven and earth, absorbs the essence of mountains and rivers, and enjoys the favor of the sun. Moisturized by rain and dew, it can be called the 'lady in the deep palace'." "It only grows in the hilly areas of Shandong Peninsula. It can't even be found on the Korean Peninsula at the same latitude. It can only be found on the south side of the small hills in the eastern part of Shandong Peninsula. You can only find it in a sunny place" and so on, and even said it is a "small deciduous tree"!
"苜" is pronounced as mò in ancient Chinese, and its original meaning is misaligned eyes. "Alfalfa" is now pronounced as mù and is only used in the word "alfalfa". Alfalfa is a perennial herbaceous plant with compound leaves composed of three oblong leaflets, butterfly-shaped flowers and pods. It is an important forage. The word "alfalfa" is a continuous word among simple words. It is composed of the two words "alfalfa" and "clover", and each word cannot express its meaning independently. Therefore, the word "苜" cannot be used alone to name other things.
"Mo" is an affix, which can only be used in words such as "so", "then", "how", "how", etc. It cannot be used alone to name things. When "楂" is pronounced as zhā, it refers to hawthorn (hawthorn), and is also used for 楠楂 (papaya). It has no other meaning. There is no example of the word "楂" being used to name other plants, let alone herbaceous plants.
So, what should this wild vegetable be called? It is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Caryophyllaceae family. In the specimen library of Shandong Agricultural University, it is called "Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq." (Latin name Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq.); the "Zhongshan Botanical Garden Cultivation Plant List" also calls it "Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq."; "Supplement to the Atlas of Higher Plants of China" and "Fora of China" call it "Dianthus longus"; "Herbaceous Flora of Northeast China" calls it "Dianthus longus". But no matter what name it is called, its Latin name is the same.
The Flora of China introduces it like this: "Perennial herb, 60-100 cm tall. Roots are thick, lignified, light brown to gray, and several stems grow from the root neck. Branches are bifurcated or three-branched, and the old stems are often reddish-purple. The leaves are nearly leathery, slightly thick, oblong, 4-8 cm long, 5-15 mm wide, with a short convex tip at the top and a slightly narrow base. The base is connected into a short sheath, with slightly clasped stems, 3-5 veins, an obvious midrib, and the upper leaves are narrow and nearly linear. The corymose-like cymes are dense, terminal or axillary, hairless; the pedicel is 2-5 mm long. , straight, hairless or sparsely pubescent; bracts are ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate and tail-shaped, veined, mostly with ciliates; calyx is bell-shaped or funnel-shaped, 2-3 mm long, calyx teeth are ovate Triangular-shaped, slightly acute, green veins extending to the tooth tip, white edges, veined, ciliate; petals pink, obovate oblong, apex truncate or slightly concave, twice as long as the calyx; stamens longer than Petals; ovary obovoid, styles long linear, extended, capsule ovoid, slightly longer than persistent calyx, apex 4-lobed; seeds nearly reniform, 1.2-1.5 mm long, grayish brown, flattened on both sides, with strips. It has a convex shape with short pointed verrucous protrusions on the ridge. The flowering period is from June to September, and the fruiting period is from August to October. It is produced in Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Henan (north of Qinling and Huaihe River). , cultivated as 'Shanyin Bupleurum', it grows in grasslands, shrubs, and beach rocks at an altitude of less than 2,000 meters. The roots are also used for medicinal purposes. , it has the effect of resolving decay and promoting muscle growth. The water infusion of the roots can control aphids, spider mites, cutworms, etc., and can also be used to wash wool and silk fabrics. The whole plant can be used as pig feed; it can also be cultivated for ornamental purposes.
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The above mentioned is its scientific name, botanical characteristics, origin, use, etc. What is its common name?
Geng Jingzhang, Department of Food Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Qiu Nongxue and Li Chunhua from the Food Engineering Department of Hebei Science and Technology Normal University co-wrote the paper "Composition Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation of Gypsophila Oldhamiana Miq.": "Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq., also known as Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq., is also known as Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq., etc., and is a member of the Caryophyllaceae family. Perennial plants are widely distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shandong and other places in my country. "
Ma Chengliang, Department of Biology, Shandong Weifang University, published in the article "The Utilization Value of Gypsophila Oldhamiana Miq." published in the 7th issue of "Special Economic Animals and Plants" in 2003: "Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq. , also known as long-staed stone flower, silk dianthus, mountain grasshopper, grasshopper, is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Caryophyllaceae family. Distributed in North China, Northeast China, Shandong, Henan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places, it mostly grows on hillside grass, mostly on sunny and semi-sunny slopes. ”
From these two papers, we can see names such as “Mazacai”, “Mountain Grasshopper” and “Grasshopper”, which is exactly what most places in Jiaodong call Xia. The name of grass (Gypsophila oldhamiana Miq.)
The article "Building the "Mountain Family" Brand Xifu Town Focuses on "Farmer Banquet"" in "I Love Yantai Net" (/) said: "Xifu Town Land Located at the western foot of Laoshan Mountain, the folk customs are simple, the scenery is beautiful, and farm banquets are also held in great prosperity. Recently, a group of German friends came here to visit with great interest. They climbed up the steep and beautiful Cotton Mountain with great interest, enjoyed the spring natural scenery, and tasted shepherd's purse, mountain mushrooms, Laoshan ginseng, fist vegetables, and mountain ants in a local restaurant. Grasshopper. "
The report "Pingdu launches a series of tourist routes to prepare for the National Day Golden Week" published on September 23, 2005 in "Qingdao Daily" said: "The golden autumn is the season when grapes are ripe. After enjoying the scenic spots of Daze Mountain, visitors can also go to the grape trellis to pick and taste grapes by themselves, or go to a farmhouse to have a mountain meal based on mountain grasshoppers and mountain toon, and enjoy the farm life. pleasure. "
The official website of the Ministry of Agriculture "China Agricultural Information Network" said in the news "The volume of wild vegetables on the market in Chengyang Vegetable and Aquatic Products Wholesale Market in Qingdao, Shandong Province has increased and the prices are moderate" released on March 31, 2006: " Recently, a large number of wild vegetables have been on the market in Qingdao Chengyang Vegetable and Aquatic Products Wholesale Market. There are many types of wild vegetables, including shepherd's purse, bitter greens, Chinese toon, mountain grasshopper, plantain, purslane, mother-in-law and so on. ”
Why is Xiacao called “mountain grasshopper dish” in the dialect? I think this is the name corresponding to “grasshopper dish”. Grasshopper dish is horse teeth. Amaranth is a very common wild vegetable. People call purslane "purslane" because "purslane" sounds similar to "grasshopper", so "purslane" gradually evolved into "grasshopper". So what are the similarities between Xiacao and purslane? Their biggest similarity is the taste. Fresh purslane tastes sour; I have tasted fresh Xiacao and it also tastes sour. Moreover, they also have some similarities in appearance. Both are very common wild vegetables, both taste sour, and they also have similarities in appearance. Purslane usually grows on the flat ground, and Xia grass generally grows on hillsides. . Therefore, Xia Cao got the name "mountain grasshopper vegetable". There are numerous examples of such names in dialects, such as "celery" and "water celery", "bamboo" and "mountain bamboo" (dianthus, bupleurum). "all have this name)", "sweet potato" and "mountain sweet potato (white sweet potato)", "eggplant" and "mountain eggplant (purple groundweed and nightshade all have this name)", "carrot" and "mountain carrot (formerly "Hu)", "spinach" and "mountain spinach (sorrel and prunella vulgaris both have this name)" and so on. Things are always developing and changing, and in some places, "mountain grasshopper" is simply called "ant." Grasshopper" and "purslane". For example, a food company in Penglai called Xiacao "purslane wild vegetable" in an online advertisement. In the eastern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula, mountain grasshopper is referred to as "purslane". "Mountain Grasshopper". Moreover, after long-term pronunciation changes, the stress fell on the last word. This is also a normal phenomenon in dialects. However, in this way, "literati" do not know what its name is. It is even thought that this plant, which is widely distributed in Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Jiangsu, Henan and other places, is a specialty of the Jiaodong Peninsula.