Table of Contents 1 Pinyin 2 English Reference 3 Overview 4 Latin Name 5 English Name 6 Alias of Buckwheat 7 Origin 8 Place of Origin 9 Plant Form 10 Place of Origin 11 Harvesting and Primary Processing 12 Raw Herbal Properties 13 Sexual Flavors 14 Buckwheat Efficacy and Indications 15 Buckwheat Chemical Constituents 16 Buckwheat Pharmacological Actions 17 Specifications 17.1 Indications 17.2 Dosage and Administration 17.3 Precautions 18 Buckwheat Pharmacopoeia Standard 18.1 Name 18.2 Source 18.3 Properties 18.4 Identification 18.5 Inspection 18.5.1 Moisture 18.5.2 Total Ash 18.6 Leachate 18.7 Content Determination 18.7.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test 18.7.2 Preparation of control solution 18.7.3 Preparation of test solution 18.7.4 Assay 18.8 Buckwheat Drinking Tablets 18.8.1 Concoction 18.8.2 Content Determination 18.8.3 Identification, Examination, and Leachate 18.8.4 Flavor and Meridian 18.8.5 Functions and Indications 18.8.6 Methods of Use and Dosage 18.8.7 Storage 18.9 Provenance 19 References 1 Formulas Using Buckwheat in Chinese Herbal Medicine 2 Proprietary Chinese Medicine Using Buckwheat in Chinese Herbal Medicine 3 Buckwheat in Ancient Texts 1 Phonetic

2 English Reference

wild buckwheat [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]

Rhizoma Fagopyri Dibotryis (La) [Nomenclature Review Committee of Chinese Medicine. Chinese Medicine Nomenclature (2004)]

golden buckwheat rhizome [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Validation Committee. Nomenclature in Chinese medicine (2004)]

3 Overview

Golden buckwheat

Golden buckwheat is the name of the traditional Chinese medicine, out of the "botanical names of the real map. For Polygonum dibotrys Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara dry rhizome [1].

4 Latin name

Rhizoma Fagopyri Dibotryis (La) ("Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004)"

Rhizoma Fagopyri Cymosi

5 English name

golden buckwheat rhizome ("Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004)")

golden buckwheat rhizome. )

Wild Buckwheat Rhizome

6 Golden buckwheat aliases

wild buckwheat, buckwheat Panax quinquefolium, gold locks silver open.

Open gold lock, gold lock silver open, sky buckwheat, buckwheat panax pseudoginseng [2].

7 Source

Golden buckwheat is Polygonum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara's dried rhizome of buckwheat Fagopyrum dibotrys (D. Don) Hara [1].

Golden buckwheat is the rhizome and tuberous roots of Polygonum cuspidatum Fagopyrum cymosum (Trev.) Meisn [2].

8 Origin

Buckwheat is distributed in Shaanxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and other places [2].

9 Prototaxonomy

Perennial herb, 0.5-1.5 m tall, with thick, knotty, transverse, reddish-brown rhizomes and erect, furrowed, green or reddish-brown stems. Leaves alternate, hastate-newly poetic-triangular, several equal in length and width, apex acute, base cordate-hastate, margin undulate; ocrea subcylindric oblique, membranous. Flowers small, in terminal or axillary cymes; perianth segments 5, white; stamens 8; ovary superior, styles 3. Achenes ovate, 3-angled, reddish brown. Achenes ovate, 3-angled, reddish brown.

Born on mountain slopes, in the wilderness, by the side of the road and in shady places in streams and ditches.

10 Origin

Golden buckwheat is mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang.

11 Harvesting and processing

Summer and fall digging rhizomes, washed, dried.

12 Biomedicinal properties

The rhizomes are irregular lumpy. Often with verrucose branches, length varies, diameter 1~4cm, surface dark gray-brown, with links and longitudinal wrinkles, and dense surface dotted leather knife. The texture is hard, not easy to break, the section is yellowish white to yellowish brown, with radial texture, the center has pith. Gas is slight. Taste slightly astringent.

13 Sexual flavor attribution

Golden buckwheat taste sour, bitter, cold; into the lung, stomach, liver meridian [2].

Gold buckwheat flavor slightly pungent, astringent, cool; to the lung meridian. ("Chinese People's *** and State Pharmacopoeia" (2010 edition))

14 Gold buckwheat efficacy and main

Gold buckwheat has a heat detoxification, clearing the lungs and eliminating phlegm, drainage of pus and swelling, expelling wind and dampness, used for lung abscesses, sore throat, dysentery, anonymous swellings, bruises, rheumatism and arthralgia.

Gold buckwheat has the effect of clearing heat and removing toxins, activating the blood to eliminate carbuncles, expelling wind and removing dampness[2]:

Gold buckwheat treatment of lung abscesses, lung-heat coughing and wheezing, sore throat, bacillary dysentery, rheumatism and paralysis: decoction, 15-30g[2].

Buckwheat treatment of boils, bruises, freshly pounded compresses; snake, centipede bites, powdered vinegar dressing [2].

15 Chemical composition of buckwheat

buckwheat buckwheat containing wild buckwheat glycosides (shakuchirin). This glycoside is hydrolyzed to produce p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and glucose; also contains dimeric procyanidin (dimeric procyanidin), is the main active ingredient.

Buckwheat contains dimeric procyanidin 1% to 2%, as well as coca saponin, epigallocatechin, β-sitosterol, etc. [2].

16 Pharmacological effects of buckwheat

Clinical evidence shows that dimeric proto-cartilaginous has a significant therapeutic effect on the treatment of lung abscess [2].

Decoction of buckwheat root, in vitro inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus, Fusarium dysenteriae, Typhoid fever bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc., tincture effect is stronger than the aqueous solution [2].

17 Drug Description 17.1 Indications

Mainly used for lung abscess, bronchitis, measles, pneumonia, pelvic inflammatory disease, bacillary dysentery, biliary tract infections and so on.

17.2 Dosage and Administration

1. Buckwheat Soup: take 250g of buckwheat (thin slices), add 1250ml of water, put in a closed container and cook for 3 hours with water, get 1000ml of decoction, add antiseptic, bottled. Oral: 1 time 40ml, 3 times a day. 2 buckwheat tablets: each tablet is equivalent to 1.5 g. Oral: 5 tablets each time, 3 times a day. Serial service for 1 to 3 months until cured.

17.3 Precautions

Occasional stomach discomfort, generally does not affect the treatment.

18 Gold Buckwheat Pharmacopoeia Standard 18.1 Name

Gold Buckwheat

Jinqiaomai

FAGOPYRI DIBOTRYIS RHIZOMA

18.2 Source

This product is the Polygonum dibotrys (D.Don) Hara's dried rhizome. Digging in winter, remove the discarded stems and roots, washed, dried.

18.3 Properties

The product is irregular mass or cylindrical, often with verrucose branches, the tip of the stem stump, 3 ~ 15cm long, 1 ~ 4cm in diameter, the surface brown, with transverse links and longitudinal wrinkles, densely dotted lenticels, and there is a concave rounded root scars and remnants of the fibrous roots. The texture is hard, not easy to break, the section is light yellowish white or light brownish red, with radial texture, the central pith is darker. The flavor is slightly astringent.

18.4 Identification

(1) The powder is light brown. Starch grain is very much, single grain spherical, ellipsoid or ovoid, 5-48 μm in diameter, umbilical dot dot, stellate, slit or bird-like, located in the center or at one end, large grains can be seen laminar pattern; compound grains consisting of 2-4 grains; semi-complex grains can be seen. Wood fibers in bundles, 10-38 μm in diameter, with monoclinic or cross-shaped pores. Calcium oxalate clusters 10-62 μm in diameter; wood thin-walled cells square or ellipsoid, 28-37 μm in diameter, about 100 μm in length, slightly thicker walled, with sparse pores. Ciliated solenoid catheters and reticulated catheters 21-83μm in diameter.

(2) Take 2.5g of this product, add 20ml of methanol, placed for 1 hour, heat reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, filtrate, concentrate the filtrate to 5 ml, as a test solution. Another 1g of buckwheat control material, the same method into a control solution. Then take epigallocatechin control, add methanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per 1 ml, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B) test, absorb the test solution 5 ~ 10μl, the control solution and the p-Xi product solution of 5μl, respectively, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, with toluene ethyl acetate methanol formic acid (1: 2: 0.2: 0.1) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with 25% ethanol solution of phosphomolybdic acid, and heated at 110 ℃ until the spot color is clear. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb and the chromatogram of the control article, the spot of the same color.

18.5 Inspection 18.5.1 Moisture

Not more than 15.0% (Appendix IXH first method).

18.5.2 Total ash

Not more than 5.0% (Appendix IXK).

18.6 Leachate

According to the alcohol-soluble leachate determination method (Appendix X A) under the hot leaching method, with dilute ethanol as a solvent, not less than 14.0%.

18.7 Determination of content

Determined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).

18.7.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as filler; acetonitrile 0.004% phosphoric acid solution (10:90) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength of 280 nm. the theoretical number of plates according to the epigallocatechin peaks should not be less than 6000.

18.7.2 Preparation of the control solution

Appropriate amount of the control of epigallocatechin. Precision weighing, add mobile phase to make a solution containing 25ug per 1ml, that is obtained.

18.7.3 Preparation of test solution

Take about 2g of crude powder, precision weighing, placed in a stoppered conical flask, precision add 50ml of dilute ethanol, tightly plugged, precision weighing, placed for 1 hour, heating reflux l hours, cooled, and then weighed, and dilute ethanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, filtration, precision measurement of the filtrate 25 ml, concentrated under reduced pressure (50-70 ℃) to nearly dry, the residue added acetonitrile one. Dry, the residue was washed with acetonitrile and water (10:90) in several times, the washings were transferred to a 10 ml measuring flask, and acetonitrile and water (10:90) were added to the scale, shaking well, centrifuged (at 3000 rpm) for 5 minutes, 5 ml of supernatant was measured precisely, and added to a polyamide column (30-60 mesh, inner diameter of 1.0 cm, column length of 15 cm, wet mounted), eluted with 50 ml of water, and discarded. Elute with 50ml of water, discard the aqueous solution, then elute with 100ml of ethanol, collect the eluate, concentrated under reduced pressure (50-70 ℃) to nearly dry, the residue was dissolved with acetonitrile and water (10:90) mixed solution, transferred to a 10ml measuring flask, add acetonitrile and water (10:90) mixed solution diluted to the scale, shaking, that is, the product.

18.7.4 Determination

Precisely aspirate 20μl each of the control solution and test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, determination, that is, obtained.

This product is calculated according to the dry product, containing epicatechin (C15H14O6) shall not be less than 0.030%.

18.8 Gold buckwheat tablets 18.8.1 Concoction

Remove impurities, wash, moisten, cut thick slices, dry.

This product is irregular thick slices. The outer skin is brownish brown, or sometimes peeling off. The cut surface is light yellowish white or light brownish red, with radial texture, some visible pith, darker color. Gas faint, taste slightly astringent.

18.8.2 Determination of content

The same herb, containing epigallocatechin (C15H14O6) shall not be less than 0.020%.

18.8.3 Identification, examination, leachate

Same as the herb.

18.8.4 Flavor and attribution

Slightly pungent, astringent, cool. Attributed to the lung meridian.

18.8.5 Functions and Indications

Clearing heat and removing toxins, draining pus and expelling blood stasis. It is used for spitting pus in lung carbuncle, asthma and cough of lung heat, and swelling and pain of breast moth.

18.8.6 Methods and Dosage

15～45g, stewed in water or yellow wine in a closed container.

18.8.7 Storage

In a dry place, mildew-proof, moth-proof.

18.9 Provenance