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Notes 1. Hibiscus Tower: the city building of Runzhou (today's Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China). 2. 2. Xin Jian: a friend of the poet. 3. Cold Rain: cold rain. 4. Lianjiang: a river full of water. 5. Wu: the state of Wu in the Three Kingdoms was in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so the area was called Wu. 6. Pingming: early morning. 7. Guest: referring to Xin Jian. 8. Chushan: the state of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period was in the area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so the mountains in this area were called Chushan. 9. Lone: alone, alone alone. 10. A piece of ice heart in a jade pot: ice in a jade pot, a metaphor for people who are clean and upright. 11. heart of ice: a metaphor for the purity of the heart. 12. Luoyang: located in the western part of Henan Province, on the south bank of the Yellow River.
Edited Translation
Cold Rain and Even the River Enter Wu at Night, (Yesterday evening, rain drizzled down on the earth with a chilly feeling, and the misty smoky rain covered the river and sky of the Wu land.) (In the early morning when I send off my friends, I feel as lonely and isolated as the mountains of Chu.) If my friends and relatives in Luoyang ask about me. A heart of ice is in a jade pot. (Please tell them that my heart is still as pure and crystalline as the ice in the jade pot.)
Edited English translation
Ancient poem: Cold rain Lian Jiang county night enters Wu , see the visitor out at the daybreak Chu Mountain lonely. Luoyang kith and kin if Luoyang kith and kin if appearance asks about, of chasteness of soul. Poem explanation: Senseless misty rain of fan middle is being shrouded in the veil of night the Wu field , vast river water is connecting into and a slice, daybreak I will give you set-out now and then , I ask one's own to stay but but, like this extremely lonely Chu Mountain. to pass on to them definitely if Luoyang kith and kin asks about my condition,a heart of me picks transparent ice if glittering and translucent , store beautiful middle kettle sort.
Edit this paragraph writing background
This poem was written around after the 29th year of the reign of Emperor Kaiyuan. At that time, Wang Changling left the capital to take up the post of chancellor in Jiangning (present-day Nanjing), and Xin Jian, a friend of his, was planning to cross the river from Runzhou to Yangzhou and go north to Luoyang. Wang Changling probably accompanied him from Jiangning to Runzhou and then parted here. The original title of this poem is ****two, this one is about the parting scene at the riverside on the next morning. The other one reads: "The autumn sea is cloudy south of Danyang City, and the clouds are deep in the north of Danyang City. I can't get drunk when I see my guest off from a high building, but the moon is still on the cold river." It is about the scene when the poet was bidding farewell to Xin Jian at Hibiscus Tower on the first night.
Edit this paragraphAbout the author
Wang Changling (698-756 CE) was a native of Chang'an (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi), a Han Chinese. He was a Han Chinese. He was a famous poet of the Border Plugs in the Sheng Tang Dynasty, and was honored as Wang Changling
"The Sage of Seven Poems". His poems are majestic, high-toned, and full of positive spirit. The world known as Wang Longbiao, "Poet Tianzi Wang Jiangning", more than one hundred and seventy surviving poems, works have "Wang Changling collection". Wang Changling's place of origin is said to be Taiyuan and Jingzhao. The Old Book of the Tang Dynasty (《旧唐书》本传传云王昌龄为京兆（即唐西京长安，今陕西省西安市）人，大概是因为他在《别李浦之京》诗中说："故园今在霸陵西"，又有《霸上闲居》之作。 Many Shanxi poets in the Tang Dynasty traveled to Luoyang and Chang'an because they were the cultural centers at that time, and some of them even lived in the capital for many years, so they could not be said to be from the capital just because they lived in the capital. The collection of poems of the Tang Dynasty compiled by Yin Fan, [Yin Fan as Yin Fan], contained Wang Changling as a native of Taiyuan, and the biography of Tang Talents also considered Wang Changling as a native of Taiyuan. His family was relatively poor, and in the fifteenth year of the reign of Emperor Kaiyuan, he was awarded the title of scholar in the secretarial province (official Bishui Lieutenant), and was later relegated to the rank of Longbiao Lieutenant, and was known as Wang Longbiao in the world. In the twenty-second year of the reign of Emperor Kaiyuan (734), Wang Changling was elected to be a lieutenant of the county of Bishui, and was then promoted to be the prime minister of Jiangning. In 740, Wang Changling returned to the north and traveled to Xiangyang, where he visited the famous poet Meng Haoran. Meng Haoran suffered from gangrene and was almost cured, they were very happy to meet each other, Meng Haoran ate some seafood and his canker sore recurred, and he died because of it. During this period, Wang Changling got to know Li Bai, a great poet, and he had the poem "Sending Li XII to Baling", and the poem "I heard that Wang Changling moved to the left side of the Longbiao, but I have to send it to you from afar". With Meng Haoran, Li Bai such a first-class poets meet, for Wang Changling, since it is a great pleasure, but unfortunately and Meng Haoran see, actually become forever, and Li Bai meet, and in the deportation of the road. At that time, Li Bai was being exiled to Yilang. Kaiyuan twenty-eight years (740 years) winter, Wang Changling left the capital to go to Jiangning Chancellor, at this time has been acquainted with the famous poet Cen Sen, Cen Sen has "sent Wang Dachangling to Jiangning" poem, Wang Changling also has a poem to say goodbye. When he passed through Luoyang, he traveled with other poets, such as Qi Bu Qian and Li Chip, and wrote poems about them. Wang Changling, as a poet of his generation, has very little information passed down. In addition to the above mentioned relegation to Lingnan, he was also relegated, the exact time and reason is not clear, some people believe that in the fall of the sixth year of Tianbao. Zhan Cai Zi Biography" said that he "late in the road is not careful about small, slander boiling, two run away from the wilderness". River Yue Ying Ling set" said he "again the desert", "the old Tang book" this biography also said he "does not protect the fine line, repeatedly see the depreciation", was relegated to Longbiao Lieutenant. More sad and lamentable is, wang changling later, even the dragon standard lieutenant such a small post also failed to keep, leave the post and go, detour to bozhou, even for the assassin luqiu xiao killed. The Tang Dynasty Talent Biography: Wang Changling "to return to his hometown on the occasion of the sword and fire, for the assassin Luchu Xiaoxiao jealous and killed. After Zhang Hao according to the army in Henan, Xiaoyan period, will kill, resigned to the pro old, begging for forgiveness, Hao said: 'Wang Changling's relatives want to raise with whom? Xiaodai gradually frustrated." Always sympathetic to the poet Zhang Hao finally avenged Wang Changling. Wang Changling was a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, and was known as "poet Wang Changling". Because of his poetic fame, he had a lot of friendship with famous poets at that time. In addition to the friendship with Li Bai and Meng Haoran mentioned above, he also had friendship with Gao Shi, Qibu Qian, Li Chip, Cen Sen, Wang Zhilu, Wang Wei, Chu Guangxi, and Chang Jian, and so on. He was deported several times and lived in the remote Lingnan and Xiangxi, but he also traveled to and from the more economically developed central and southeastern regions, and traveled to the northwestern borderlands, and may have even been to the area around Shiba (in present-day Kyrgyzstan). His rich life experiences and extensive travels were beneficial to his poetic creation. Wang Changling specialized in seven-character stanzas.
The Hibiscus Tower built in honor of Wang Changling
The world is known as the Sage of seven stanzas. For example, the poem "Out of the Seaside" reads: "The moon is bright in Qin Dynasty and the gates are closed in Han Dynasty, and people have not yet returned from the long march of 10,000 miles. But the flying generals of the Dragon City are here, and they do not teach the horses to go over the Yinshan Mountain." Lamenting the incompetence of the defending generals, with an open mood and deep feelings, and with the spirit of crossing the ancient and modern worlds, the poem is indeed a treasure of ancient poetry, and is regarded as the most important work of the Tang Dynasty's seven poems. Another example is "Marching from the Army", which is also a popular masterpiece. Reflecting the misfortunes of the courtesans, Changxin Qiuyi and Xigong Chunxiao, etc., with a mournful tone and superb mood, and expressing the feelings of a thinking woman and the innocence of a young girl, Boudoir Complaints and Lotus Catching Songs, etc., are delicate, vivid and refreshingly beautiful. The farewell work "Hibiscus Tower sends Xin Jian" is also a masterpiece for the ages. Shen Deqian's "Tang Poetry" says: "The Longbiao's absolute lines, with their deep feelings and faint meanings, make people measure without end and play endlessly."
Edited Appreciation
This is a poem of farewell. The first line starts with last night's autumn rain, setting a bleak atmosphere for the farewell. In the second stanza, the word "Pingming" indicates the time of the farewell; the words "Chushan Lonely" not only describe the direction of the friend, but also imply the mood of his own farewell. The third and fourth lines, written by himself, still coincides with the meaning of the farewell. Because Xinjian is the poet's hometown, Xinjian return home, friends and relatives must ask about the poet's situation, so the poet sends off Xinjian specially instructed him: "If friends and relatives in my hometown ask about my current situation, you say, my person is like that crystal clear piece of ice, in a clean white jade pot." It shows that he does not change his integrity of jade and ice for the sake of being depreciated. The idea is novel, and the feelings of grievance and resentment are contained but not revealed. The phrase "a heart of ice in a jade pot" is the eye of the poem, but people have always thought that "jade pot" and "heart of ice" refer to the goodness of a person's character, which is not in line with the reality. "Jade pot" has multiple meanings, it can refer to wine pot, moon, lamp, dripping hourglass and so on. Interpreting "Jade Pot" as a wine pot is not only a playful way of exchanging cups and glasses, but also very much in line with Wang Changling's state of mind at that time. The whole poem is harmonized in tone, with a somber poetic style and a question-and-answer format, which is unique. "Cold Rain and Evening River Entering Wu at Night", the misty rain covers the river and sky of Wu Di, weaving a boundless net of sorrow. The night rain adds to the gloomy autumn feeling, and also renders the bleak atmosphere of parting. The coldness not only pervades the river, but also penetrates the hearts of the two departed. The word "even" and "into" write out the rain steady and continuous, the river rain comes quietly dynamic can be clearly perceived, then the poet because of the parting feelings and sleepless night scene can be imagined. However, this picture of the night rain on the Wujiang River, which is connected with water and sky and is vast and confusing, does it not also show an extremely far-reaching and magnificent realm? The middle and late Tang poems and euphemistic Song lyrics often write the sound of rain in the sycamore under the window, the white horse in front of the house, the lotus in the pool and so on on trivial things, but Wang Changling did not actually write how to perceive the details of the coming autumn rain, he just will hear the visual and imaginative generalization of the rain into the river into the Wu, a large piece of light ink coloring out the paper full of smoky rain, which is the vastness of the atmosphere of the "Pingming send guests to the Chu mountains alone! This is to emphasize the open mood of "sending guests to the mountains of Chu alone at a bright dawn". Early in the morning, the sky is already bright, Xin Jian is about to board the boat to return to the north. The poet looked at the distant mountains in the north of the river, and thought that the pedestrians would soon be hidden beyond the Chu mountains, and the feeling of loneliness arose. In the vast expanse of the river, into the poet's field of vision, of course, not only the lone stand of the Chu mountains, the vastness of the river would have been the most likely to cause the feeling of parting like a watery association, the Tang Dynasty and the resulting famous lines can not be counted. However, Wang Changling did not send the parting sorrow to the river with the friends far away, but will be away from the feelings of concentration in the stand in the reckless plains of the Chu mountains. Because the friends back to Luoyang, you can get together with friends and relatives, and stay in Wu poet, but can only be like this lonely Chu mountains, standing on the river bank empty look at the passing of the water. A "lonely" word as the emotional fuse, naturally led to the last two lines of parting words of advice: "Luoyang friends and relatives such as asking, a piece of ice in the jade pot." The poet brings out from the clear and flawless jade pot a crystal pure heart of ice to console his friends, which is more capable of expressing his deep feelings for his friends and relatives in Luoyang than any words of longing. This poem was written after the 29th year of the Tang Dynasty, and the Hibiscus Tower mentioned in the poem was originally called the Northwest Tower, northwest of Runzhou (present-day Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). In the river rain, the poet sends off his friend who is going to return to Luoyang, although he is in a bad situation of slander, but he sees the water and the sky connected to the Wujiang River and the Chu Mountain, his heart is bright and clear, and there is not a trace of the cold wind and rain, and he entrusts his friend to tell his friends and relatives in Luoyang: he still has a pure heart of jade pot ice. The exquisite conception and the deep and gentle intention dissolve in an empty and clear mood, which is implicit and intriguing.
Editorial Comment
This is a poem of farewell. The poem has a novel conception, which is light on the parting feelings of friends and heavy on one's own high moral character. In the first two lines, the rain of the river and the lonely mountains of Chu emphasize the loneliness of the farewell; in the last two lines, he compares himself to an ice kettle, which expresses his own open-mindedness and strong character. The whole poem is a scene, with feelings in the scene, implicit and implied, with infinite flavor. The vast river rain and the lonely mountains of Chu not only emphasize the cold and lonely feeling of the poet when he sends off, but also show his open-mindedness and strong character. Standing in the middle of the river and the lonely mountain and the heart of ice in the jade pot than the image of the formation of a kind of intentionally or unintentionally, people naturally associated with the poet's lonely and proud, the image of ice and jade, so that the exquisite conception and the intention of the deep melted in a clear and clear mood, so natural, without trace, implicit and implied, and the rest of the rhyme is infinite.
Edit this section of the words
As early as in the Sixth Dynasty, Liu Song period, the poet Baozhao used "clear as a jade pot of ice," "generation of the white head of the song" to simulate the noble and pure character. Since the Kaiyuan Chancellor Yao Chong made the "ice pot commandments" since the Sheng Tang poets such as Wang Wei, Cui Hao, Li Bai and other poets have been to the ice pot of self-motivation, respect for the bright and open, the surface of the character of clarity. The message that Wang Changling entrusted Xin Jian to bring to his friends and relatives in Luoyang was not the usual peace and quiet bamboo report, but conveyed his own belief that he was still ice-clean and clean, and insisted on his integrity, which was of great significance. According to the Biography of Tang Talents and the Collection of Hanyue Yingling, Wang Changling was once "boiled with slander and two times scurried into the wilderness" because of his lack of modesty, and his first relegation to Lingnan in the 27th year of the reign of Emperor Kaiyuan was the first time he was relegated from Lingnan, and then after returning from Lingnan, he was appointed as the prime minister of Jiangmie, and then a few years later was relegated once again to Longbiao, which is even further away, so it can be seen that at that time, he was in the harsh environment where the mouths of all people had destroyed him. The poet's metaphor of a crystal clear jade pot is based on the true understanding and trust between him and his friends and relatives in Luoyang, which is by no means a confession to clear the name of slander, but a self-reputation in defiance of slander. Therefore, the poet brings out a crystal pure heart of ice from a clear and flawless jade pot to console his friends, which expresses his deep love for his friends and relatives in Luoyang better than any words of lovesickness.
Topic Explanation
"Hibiscus Tower" is a city building in Runzhou (present-day Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province). The word "send" means to send off. "Xin Jian" is a friend of the poet. The meaning of the title is: send off your friend Xin Jian at Furong Tower.