When will there be a bright moon?
Su Shi [Song Dynasty]
Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, happily drank the next morning, drunk, wrote this word, and missed my brother Su Zhe.
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance. I don't know the palace in the sky, and I don't know the month and time. I'm willing to ride the wind to the sky, I'm afraid I can't stand the cold for nine days in a pavilion of fine jade. Dance to find out what shadows look like on the earth. (what: when; Afraid of another work: only/afraid)
The moon turned into a scarlet pavilion, hanging low on the carved window, shining on the sleepy self. The moon should not have any resentment against people. Why is it round when people are gone? People are sad and happy, and they are separated and reunited. The moon will darken or shine, and it will become round or round. Nothing is perfect, even in the past. I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away. (Long-term work: bias)
Translation:
On the Mid-Autumn Festival in Chen Bing (A.D. 1076), I drank all night and got drunk until dawn. I wrote this article while I was happy, and at the same time, I expressed my nostalgia for my younger brother Ziyou.
When will there be a bright moon like the Mid-Autumn Festival? I picked up my glass and asked the distant sky. I wonder what day Gao Yao is in the palace. I want to go back to the sky with the wind to have a look, but I'm worried that the buildings built with beautiful jade are too high for me to stand the cold. Get up and dance and enjoy your clear shadow in the moonlight. The Moon Palace is not as warm as fireworks.
The moon moved, turned the scarlet pavilion, hung low on the carved window, and shone on people who were not sleepy. Mingyue shouldn't have any resentment against people, but why is it always round when people leave? There are joys and sorrows in life, and the full moon is always there. The moon is perfect when people want to get together. Such a good thing has never been satisfactory since ancient times. I only hope that the relatives in this world can live a long and healthy life, and even if they are thousands of miles apart, they can enjoy the moon.
Precautions:
Chen Bing: refers to A.D. 1076 (the ninth year of Xining, Song Shenzong). This year, Su Shi was appointed as the magistrate of Mizhou (now Zhucheng City, Shandong Province).
Before dawn.
Ziyou: the handwriting of Su Shi's younger brother Su Zhe.
Put the wine: take the glass. Wait, wait, wait.
Qu: refers to the moon palace. Que, the stone platform behind the ancient city wall.
Go home: Go back, which means go back to the Moon Palace.
Qióng Yuyu: a building made of beautiful jade, which refers to the imaginary fairy palace.
Shèng: I can't stand it.
Victory: bear, bear.
Clarify the shadow: refers to the shadow in the moonlight also makes various dances. Get: enjoy.
He Xiang: He Ru, nothing looks like it.
Turn to Zhuge, low (qǐ) households, take photos of sleepless people: the moon moves around the Zhuhong Pavilion, hanging carved windows low, taking photos of sleepless people (referring to the poet himself).
Zhuge: Zhu Dingting. Qihu: Gorgeous doors and windows are carved with flowers.
There should be no hatred. Why should we be round when we are apart? (The moon) should not have any resentment (towards people). Why should people be round when they are apart?
What: Why?
This matter: refers to the happiness and harmony of the people, the sunny and round moon.
But: only.
Thousands of miles away * * * Chan (chán) Juan (juān): Even though we are thousands of miles away, we can enjoy the beautiful moonlight together.
* * *: Let's enjoy it.
Chan Juan: refers to the moon.
Creative background:
This word was written by the author during the Mid-Autumn Festival in Song Shenzong on 1076 (the ninth year of Xining). The preface before the word explains the process of writing the word: "Chen Bing Mid-Autumn Festival, drunk with joy. I am pregnant for this article. " Su Shi begged for freedom and went around as an official because of his different political views from Wang Anshi, a political reformer in power. He once asked to be transferred to a place near Su Zhe to be an official, so that his brothers could get together more. In A.D. 1074 (the seventh year of Xining), Su Shi knew Mizhou. After arriving in Michigan, this wish still cannot be realized. On the Mid-Autumn Festival in A.D. 1076, the moon was bright and Yin Hui was everywhere. The poet and his younger brother Su Zhe had not been reunited for seven years. At this moment, the poet is facing a bright moon, and his heart is full of ups and downs, so he wrote this famous article with the strength of wine.
Appreciate:
This word is a work of appreciating the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival, expressing the infinite yearning for my brother Su Zhe. Chen Bing lived in Xining in northern Song Shenzong for nine years (A.D. 1076). At that time, Su Shi was the prefect of Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province). On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, he enjoyed the moon and drank until dawn, pretending to be this song "Water Tune". The poet uses imagery to describe a kind of atmosphere in which Su Shi, a bright moon in the sky, travels thousands of miles, is aloof and broad-minded, and respects Confucianism and pays attention to practice all his life. However, he is also "good at Taoism". After middle age, he said that he would "return to Buddhism and become a monk", and he was often entangled in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Whenever they are frustrated, Laozi and Zhuangzi's thoughts rise to help them explain the confusion of poverty and progress and retreat. In the fourth year of Xining (A.D. 107 1), in order to avoid the whirlpool of Bianjing political struggle, Hangzhou was awarded Kaifeng House. In the seventh year of Xining (AD 1074), Mizhou moved voluntarily, but it was still in a neglected position. Although there was a "rich face" at that time, it was quite a bit broad-minded, and it was difficult to hide the depression and anger in my heart. This Mid-Autumn Festival poem is the sublimation and summary of this sinister career experience. "Drunkenness" is the main factor, supplemented by "simultaneous pregnancy". For the author who has always adhered to the moral integrity of "respecting the master and benefiting the people", the separation and affair of brothers and sisters is, after all, a secondary ethical burden compared with the national conditions of worrying about the country and the people and invading the border. This point is deeply and subtly implied in the preface.
In the natural scenery, the moon is very romantic, and it is easy to stimulate people's artistic association. A crescent moon can be associated with new budding things; The full moon can be associated with a beautiful reunion life; The bright moon reminds people of an aboveboard personality. In the image of the moon, the infinite longing and ideal of human beings are condensed. Su Shi is a writer with bold personality and romantic temperament. When he looked up at the Mid-Autumn Moon, his thoughts and feelings seemed to have wings and fly freely between heaven and earth. Embodied in the text, it has formed a bold and free and easy style.
Looking at the moon in the film, the word is not only full of enthusiasm, but also practical and elegant. At first, I asked a question: When did the bright moon begin to exist? Ask heaven for wine. "To the details of the wine, similar to qu yuan's Tian Wen, li bai's" August 9 to the moon ". The obsession with questions and the escape from thinking do have similar essence and spiritual concentration. As far as creative motivation is concerned, Qu Yuan's Tian Wen is full of 170 questions. It was after he was exiled that he roamed the mountains and rivers and experienced the land. He saw "painting mountains and rivers and gods" and "strange performances of ancient saints" in the Temple of King Xian of Chu and the ancestral hall of Communist Youth, and then "asked questions" (Wang Yi's Preface) was the product of touching the scene. Li Bai's poem "Drinking asking for the moon" says: "My old friend Jia Chunling asked him. "This should also be improvisation. As mentioned in the preface, Su Shi's ci is a rhapsody after enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival and drinking happily, and it is also a "work of artistic conception" (Wang Guowei's Poems on Earth). Everyone has the characteristics of getting up suddenly and asking strange questions. Psychologically speaking, Qu Yuan was in a state of emotional ecstasy before he entered the temple of the former king (preface to Wang Yi's Songs of the South and Questions of Heaven), so he asked the sky, "seemingly stupid but not stupid, extremely angry and sad" (Seeking Truth with New Notes on Hu Chuci). Li Bai is "only willing to be a singer and a wine, and the moonlight shines on the golden urn" ("Drinking asking for the moon"), and the feeling of frustration in the aftermath is also audible. This word was written by Su Shi when he was invited to be Mizhou because he opposed Wang Anshi's new law during Chen Bing's reign. There is both a strong concern about the political situation of the imperial court and a complicated mood of looking forward to returning to Bianjing. Therefore, as soon as the Mid-Autumn Festival arrives, I am drunk and full of interest. The creative psychology of the three men is actually dark.
Su Shi regards Qingtian as a friend and asks for wine, which shows his bold personality and extraordinary verve. Li Bai's "Drinking asking for the moon" poem says: "When is there a moon in the sky? I'm going to stop for a drink today and ask. " But Li Bai's tone here is more soothing, and Su Shi's tone is more intense and urgent, because he wants to fly to the Moon Palace. "When will there be a bright moon?" This question is very interesting, as if tracing the origin of the bright moon and the origin of the universe; It seems to marvel at the ingenuity of nature. Readers can feel the poet's praise and yearning for the bright moon.
The next two sentences: "I don't know what year it is tonight." Praise and yearning for the bright moon have been further promoted. It has been many years since the birth of the bright moon. I want to know what day it is at the Moon Palace tonight. The poet imagined that it must be a good day, which is why the moon is so round and bright. He wanted to see it very much, so he went on to say, "I want to go home in the wind, but I'm afraid of beautiful buildings, and it's too cold up there." In the Tang Dynasty, Li Bai was called "fallen immortals", while Huang Tingjian called Su Shi and Li Bai "two fallen immortals". Su Shi imagined that his previous life was in the middle of the month, so he thought of "going home by the wind." He wants to fly to the Moon Palace in the wind, but he is afraid that the Qionglou Yuyu there is too high to stand the cold there. "Qionglou Yuyu" is from Memorabilia: "Qu Gan only plays the moon on the river bank. How dare you? Xiao Qu said, "You can watch it with me." After reading the monthly regulations for a long time, Qionglou is a rotten building. "I can't stand the cold", using the allusion in Ming Taizu Miscellanies: On the evening of August 15th, Ye Jing can invite Ming Taizu to visit the Moon Palace. Before leaving, Ye told him to wear a fur coat. When I arrived at the Moon Palace, it was really too cold to support. These words clearly describe the coldness of the moon palace, hint at the bright moonlight, and implicitly write the ambivalence of yearning for the sky and nostalgia for the world. There are two other words worth noting here, that is, "I want to go home by wind." Fly to the moon, why do you say you want to go home? Perhaps it is because Su Shi yearns for the bright moon and has long regarded it as his home. Judging from Su Shi's thoughts, he is deeply influenced by Taoism, holds a detached attitude towards life, and likes Taoist regimen, so he often has the idea of being born into an immortal. His "Thousand Red Cliffs Fu" describes the feeling of going boating under the moon, saying: "It is as vast as the wind of Feng Xu, and I don't know where it ends; It's like independence, feather and immortality. "It is also from the full moon to immortality, and this word can be used to confirm each other. On the one hand, the poet's whimsy of leaving the world and surpassing nature comes from his curiosity about the mysteries of the universe, on the other hand, he is more dissatisfied with the real world. There are so many unsatisfactory things in the world that the poet is forced to fantasize about getting rid of this troubled world and living a carefree fairy life in Qionglou Yuyu. Su Shi was later demoted to Huangzhou, and he always had similar whimsy. The so-called "the ship died from now on, and Jiang Hai sent the rest of his life." However, between the lines, this is just a plan. Before it was launched, it was interrupted by another opposite idea: "I am afraid that no matter how beautiful the building is, it will be too cold at the top." These two sentences took a sharp turn. Although the "Qionglou Yuyu" in the sky is magnificent and beautiful, it is too cold to live there for a long time. The poet deliberately found out the fly in the ointment in the sky to strengthen his determination to stay on earth. One is right and the other is wrong, which shows the poet's love for human life. At the same time, the scene of enjoying the moon in the Mid-Autumn Festival is still being written here, and readers can appreciate the beauty of the moon and the chill of the moonlight. This turning point shows the poet's ambivalence of nostalgia for the world and yearning for the sky. This contradiction can more profoundly show the poet's thoughts and feelings of nostalgia for the past and love for life, and show the poet's open-minded mind and lofty aspirations, thus making Ci have an open-minded style.
"Dance to find the shadow, how can it be on earth!" After all, Su Shi loves the world more. Instead of flying to the cold moon palace, he might as well stay on earth and dance in the moonlight! "Clear shadow" refers to your clear figure in the moonlight. "Dancing to understand the shadow" means dancing and playing with your clear shadow. Li Bai's "Drinking the Bright Moon Alone" said: "I sing. The moon encourages me and I dance. My shadow is rolling behind. " Su Shi's "Dancing the Shadow" was born here. "It's too cold up there" is not the fundamental reason why the author doesn't want to go home, but "dancing to understand the shadow, what is it like" is the fundamental reason. Instead of flying to the cold moon palace, it is better to stay on earth and dance in the moonlight, at least with your clear shadow. The word was written from fantasy to heaven, and here it returned to the feelings of lovers. The psychological transition from "desire" to "fear" and then to "likeness" shows the ups and downs of Su Shi's emotions. He finally returned to reality from fantasy. In the contradiction between birth and WTO entry, WTO entry thought finally gained the upper hand. "What's It Like" is undoubtedly affirmative, and the vigorous and powerful brushwork shows the intensity of emotion.
In the next film, I am pregnant with someone, that is, with a child. I associate the full moon of Mid-Autumn Festival with the parting of the world, and I also feel the impermanence of life. "Turn to Zhuge, low-lying households, sleepless." Turning and pointing down the movement of the moon implies that the night is already deep. The moonlight turned the scarlet pavilion, passed through the carved doors and windows low, and shone on people who had been unable to sleep in the room. Here, it means not only that I miss my brother's affection, but also all those who can't sleep because they can't reunite with their relatives on the Mid-Autumn Festival. "Can't sleep" refers to those who feel sad because they can't reunite with their relatives, so they can't sleep. What a pity! A full moon person can't! So the poet blames the moon for no reason and says, "There should be no hate. Why should we make up? " You shouldn't have any resentment against the bright moon. Why are people round when they leave? In contrast, the sadness of leaving people is heavier. This is to blame the bright moon for deliberately embarrassing people and adding chaos to them. The unreasonable tone further sets off the poet's deep affection for his younger brother, but implicitly expresses his sympathy for the unfortunate.
Then, the poet turned his pen and said some comforting words to excuse the bright moon: "people have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs." This matter is ancient and difficult. " People have joys and sorrows, and the moon has ups and downs. When she was shrouded in dark clouds, when she lost money incompletely, she also had her regrets. Since ancient times, nothing in the world is perfect. In that case, why feel sorry for leaving temporarily? After all, the poet is broad-minded, and he immediately thinks that the moon is innocent. In that case, why should we be sad for our temporary parting? These three sentences, from people to the moon, from ancient times to the present, are highly summarized. Judging from the tone, it seems to be on behalf of Yue Ming to answer the previous questions; Structurally, it is another layer, from the opposition between people and the moon to the integration of people and the moon. Exculpatory for the moon, in essence, emphasizes the philosophy of personnel, while pinning hope for the future. Because when the moon is full, people get together. Very philosophical.
At the end of the word, I wrote, "May people live for a long time and have a beautiful scenery thousands of miles away." "Chanjuan" is a beautiful appearance, which means Chang 'e, which means the moon. "* * * Chanjuan" means * * * bright moon, and the allusion comes from Xie Zhuang's Yuefu in the Southern Dynasties: "Thousands of miles away, the bright moon is in the sky." Since the departure of human beings is inevitable, as long as relatives are alive, even if they are thousands of miles apart, they can connect the two places and communicate with each other's hearts by shining the bright moon on earth. "I wish people a long life" is to break through the time limit; "A Thousand Miles of Chanjuan" is to break through the barriers of space. Let the same love for the bright moon unite people who are separated from each other. There is an ancient saying that "God makes friends". Friends live far away, but they can connect with each other spiritually. "Thousands of miles * * * ChanJuan" can also be said to be a spiritual friend! These two sentences are not general masturbation and encouragement, but show the author's attitude in dealing with some important issues such as time, space and life, which fully shows the richness and breadth of the poet's spiritual realm. Wang Bo has two poems: "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, heaven is still our neighbor." It is meaningful and passed down as a good sentence, which has the same effect as "a thousand miles * * * Chanjuan". In addition, Zhang Jiuling's "Looking at the Moon and Thinking Away" said: "When is the bright moon full? At this time, crossing the sea, the horizon is * * *." Du Mu's "Autumn Sending Away" said: "Just wait for the bright moon and accompany you thousands of miles." You can refer to each other. I wish people peace every year and enjoy this beautiful moonlight thousands of miles away, expressing the author's blessings and thoughts to their loved ones, and showing the author's broad-minded attitude and optimistic spirit. Su Shi wants to integrate the poems of his predecessors into his own works and cast them into a universal emotion. As mentioned in the preface, this poem expresses the nostalgia for his younger brother Su Zhe (Ziziyou), but it is not limited to this. It can be said that this sentence is Su Shi's best wish to all those who are suffering from parting on the night of Mid-Autumn Festival.
This article is one of the representative works of Su Ci. As far as artistic achievements are concerned, it has a unique conception, a unique road and a romantic color, and has always been recognized as the swan song in Mid-Autumn Festival ci. Expressively, the first half of the word is written vertically, and the second half is narrated horizontally. The last film is strategically important, and the next film is full of twists and turns. The first half is the innovation of myths in past dynasties, and it is also the evolution and development of fairy poems in Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties. The second half is pure line drawing, and people and the moon are double. It's called deductive physics, but it actually explains personnel. The pen is intricately circling and vacillating. In terms of layout, the top piece rises in the air and seems to be empty; The next wave is cascading, returning to reality. Finally, reality and reality are intertwined, Xu. With the beautiful and magnificent scene as the background, the whole poem expresses the contradiction and confusion between wandering to heaven and dancing directly to the world, leaving desire and joining the WTO, longing for broad-mindedness and freedom, longing for a long life and optimism, which is very philosophical and human. Be ambitious and novel. Finally, it is the natural expression of the poet's feelings to close the bundle with broad-minded feelings. Emotion and rhyme win each other, and the realm is magnificent, which has high aesthetic value. This word is a good sentence, which typically reflects the clear and broad style of Su Ci.
The author not only praised "the universal consciousness of the world", but also abandoned the modality of "being amazed in the face of magical eternity" (Wen Yiduo commented on the language of "A Moonlit Night on a Spring River"). He doesn't treat the change and development of nature completely detached, but tries to seek the meaning of "following fate" from the laws of nature. Therefore, although this word is basically a kind of autumn rhyme with sparse feelings, it also has the charm of "touching the spring" and is fascinating.
This song "Water Tune" has been well received. Hu Zai's Tiaoxi Fishing in Conghua thinks this word is the best one to write Mid-Autumn Festival. This word seems to be a dialogue with the bright moon, in which the meaning of life is discussed. It is both reasonable and interesting, and it is very intriguing. So it has been talked for 900 years. Janice's "first frost Corner": "Singing Dongpo's" Water Tune "is clear and full of snow." In the thirtieth time of the Water Margin, I wrote August 15th, "I can sing a song about Mid-Autumn Festival to the moon", and I sang "A Mid-Autumn Water Tune by a Dongpo bachelor." It can be seen that the song and yuan dynasties sang. The whole poem is bold and broad in artistic conception and optimistic and broad in feelings. The yearning for the bright moon and the attachment to the world, as well as the romantic color, unique style and flowing language, can still give people a healthy aesthetic enjoyment.
About the author:
Su Shi, (1037 65438+10.8-165438+August 24, 0),No. Zizhan, He Zhong, a famous Taoist of tin cans, Dongpo Jushi,No. Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (Sichuan Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. Vertical and horizontal text; Poetry has a wide range of themes, fresh and healthy, uses exaggerated metaphors and has a unique style. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. Ci is an uninhibited school, and Xin Qiji is the representative of the uninhibited school, also known as "Su Xin"; Prose writing is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi's good book, one of Song Sijia; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu, they are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His works include Seven Chapters of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, Ancient Wood and Strange Stone Atlas, etc.