Tan Sitong (1865-1898), nicknamed Fusheng, also known as Zhuangfei, and Huaxiangzhengsheng. He was born in Liuyang, Hunan. He read a lot of books when he was young, and devoted himself to the discussion of natural sciences. He despised the imperial examination and liked the study of modern classics. Later, he served as an aide to Liu Jintang, the governor of Xinjiang. He traveled to Zhili, Gansu, Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Jiangsu provinces to observe the local customs and make friends with famous people. He said, "The scenery is different, the mountains and rivers are different; the city walls are different." "It's like, the people are no longer the same". In 1895, when the "Treaty of Shimonoseki" was signed between China and Japan, they were extremely dissatisfied. They tried hard to promote new learning, called for reform, and organized a mathematics club in their hometown to gather comrades to study and study. At the same time, they established the Nantai Academy He taught new courses in history, anecdotes, geography, etc., and pioneered the reform trend in Hunan Province. In February 1896, he made friends with Liang Qichao, Weng Tonghe and others. Following his father's orders, he became the candidate governor of Jiangsu and served in Nanjing. , Hunan, Hubei and other places. At the end of the same year, he returned to Nanjing, studied in isolation, and completed two volumes of "Renology". He believed that the world is composed of material essence, and its ontology is "benevolence". The existence and development of the world It is all due to the role of "benevolence" that the philosophy is called "benevolence". "Benevolence" is the source of all things, and "ether" is the bridge that connects the world as a whole. . Since "ether" "is neither born nor destroyed", it is affirmed that nature and human society are not static and stagnant, but are constantly moving, changing and developing, criticizing the idea that "the sky does not change and the Tao does not change". He believed that the feudal "faith religion" was the spiritual pillar for maintaining absolutism, and called on people to break through feudal traps such as monarchy, ethics, wealth, secularism, destiny, and Buddhism. Since the Qin and Han Dynasties, the feudal autocratic system has been particularly fiercely criticized. It believes that monarchy is the source of all evils, and proposes that "if the ruler is not good, everyone will kill him". While criticizing the autocratic system, he also proposed the political and political development of capitalism. Economic and reform ideas. In 1897, he assisted Hunan Governor Chen Baozhen and others to establish current affairs schools and prepare for new policies such as river shipping, mining, and railway construction. In 1898, he founded the Nanxue Society and sponsored the "Hunan News" to actively promote the reform movement. In April of the same year, he was recommended by Xu Zhijing, a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, and was recruited to Beijing. He was promoted to the rank of military commander Zhang Jing, and participated in the New Deal with Lin Xu, Yang Rui and others, and was known as the "four ministers of military aircraft". When the Zhonghou Party plotted a coup, Emperor Guangxu sent a secret edict to Kang Youwei and others to try to rescue him. On the night of September 8, he went to Fahua Temple in Beijing to visit Yuan Shikai and asked Yuan to send troops to rescue him. On September 20, Yuan returned to Tianjin to inform Ronglu. On September 21, he was arrested on September 25 and died at the age of 33 at the same time as Lin Xu. The lyrics are "If you have the intention to kill the thief, you will be unable to recover, and you will die in your rightful place, so happy!" His life works were compiled into the "Complete Works of Tan Sitong" and he left a famous sentence: I am smiling to the sky with my horizontal sword, leaving behind my liver and gallbladder.