Teaching plan 1 teaching goal of preventing gas poisoning in kindergarten class;
Let students know something about gas poisoning, which can prevent gas poisoning in life and protect the safety of life and property.
Teaching process:
First, the introduction of the event.
In the early morning of June 5438+February 2, 2008, a gas poisoning incident occurred in the dormitory of fourth-grade girls in Duiziliang Middle School in Dingbian County, Yulin. 12 girls were poisoned, 1 1 died. 12 12 in the early morning, a family living in Majiamao village was poisoned by gas. Four of the three generations of five people who slept in the house died. Gas poisoning incidents also occur from time to time all over the country. According to statistics, the number of people who die of carbon monoxide poisoning every year in China ranks third after traffic accidents and production accidents.
Second, what is gas poisoning?
Gas poisoning, also called carbon monoxide poisoning. Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas, so it is easy to be ignored and lead to poisoning.
3. What are the symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning?
Early symptoms: The early symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include severe headache, dizziness, palpitation, facial flushing, cherry red lips, general fatigue, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, blurred consciousness, blurred vision, insensitivity, hallucinations and other symptoms. At this stage, if we can identify the symptoms of poisoning and isolate the patient from the poisoning environment, we can recover quickly. If poisoning continues, the disease will develop further.
Moderate symptoms: the poisoned person will have symptoms such as dyspnea, loss of consciousness, coma, pupil reflex to light, and slow corneal reflex. Poisoning symptoms: If the condition gets worse, there will be severe poisoning: deep coma, the reflection of the pupil to light and cornea disappears, and it can't be called out or pushed. This stage is often accompanied by serious complications such as brain edema, pulmonary edema and shock, and the mortality rate is extremely high.
Four, the common causes of gas poisoning:
1. Use a coal stove to heat and cook in a closed room. Due to poor ventilation and insufficient oxygen supply, a large amount of carbon monoxide can accumulate indoors. In addition, carbonaceous fuels, such as gasoline, kerosene, charcoal, etc. It will also produce a large amount of carbon monoxide when it cannot be burned due to lack of oxygen, causing gas poisoning.
2. If the gas tank used at home leaks or the switch is not tight, a large amount of gas will overflow and cause poisoning.
3. Doors and windows are closed, there is no ventilation measure, or an old fan bucket is used, or the fan bucket is too small or the installation height is not enough. Poor gas discharge can also lead to poisoning.
4. The chimney installation of the bungalow is unreasonable, and the chimney mouth is facing the tuyere, which makes the gas flow backwards. Or in the case of strong wind, the chimney is blocked by soot or other things and so on. Gas poisoning can also occur if the gas cannot be discharged or the exhaust volume is small and most of it spreads indoors.
5. The weather is not good. In case of wind, snow, cloudy and low air pressure, it is difficult to circulate and discharge gas, which may cause gas poisoning.
6. Starting the car in winter or sleeping in the car after starting the air conditioner in the car may lead to gas poisoning.
5. What should I do if carbon monoxide poisoning occurs?
1. Self-help method: If you feel dizzy and chest tightness when using a coal stove or charcoal basin for heating or using a liquefied petroleum gas water heater for bathing, you should open the doors and windows as soon as possible and leave the scene. If you feel weak and unable to stand, you can crawl on the ground (carbon monoxide is lighter than air), quickly open the doors and windows to escape and call for help.
2. First aid method: When someone is found or suspected of carbon monoxide poisoning, some first aid measures will be taken before the ambulance personnel arrive, which will greatly reduce casualties. The following measures should be taken immediately:
(1) The rescuer should wear an effective protective mask, or cover his nose and mouth with a wet towel, crawl indoors, turn off the gas, prohibit naked fire, switch on and off electrical appliances and all behaviors that may cause sparks.
(2) Let the patient leave the poisoned environment as soon as possible, and immediately open the doors and windows to make the air circulate.
(3) Patients should rest quietly, so as not to increase the burden of heart and lung and increase the consumption of oxygen after exercise.
(4) Loosen the button, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, clear the mouth and nose secretions, and ensure the patient to breathe spontaneously and fully inhale oxygen.
(5) The unconscious poisoned patient must be carried out of the poisoned environment as soon as possible, and the patient's breathing, pulse and blood pressure should be checked in the shortest time, and first aid should be given according to these conditions.
(6) If the victim's breathing and heartbeat stop, artificial respiration and cardiac compression should be performed immediately.
(7) Call 120 emergency service, and emergency doctors will go to the scene to treat patients.
(8) After the condition is stable, escort the patient to the hospital for further examination and treatment.
When heating or using gas in winter, we must pay attention to indoor ventilation, which is the key to prevent gas poisoning. In windy weather, especially at night, be sure to open the oven door, let the coal burn fully, or simply put out the stove; Especially in rainy, snowy, cloudy or low-pressure weather in winter, attention should be paid to cleaning the chimney in time, keeping the room unobstructed and opening the window frequently for ventilation.
Abstract of intransitive verbs
What have you learned?
Teaching plan 2 of "preventing gas poisoning" for large classes in kindergarten;
1, so that students can fully understand what gas poisoning is, and never take it lightly, and understand and master the rescue methods of gas poisoning.
2. Through this theme class meeting, improve students' awareness of preventing gas poisoning and form good living habits.
Through this class meeting, let the students know what to do after a fire, and pay attention to how to prevent the fire at ordinary times.
4, learn how to emergency, self-help and protection.
5. Through this class meeting, students can master fire safety knowledge, enhance fire safety awareness, improve self-protection and self-help ability, reduce the occurrence of fire accidents, let students know about fire hazards, stay away from dangers and enhance safety knowledge.
First, introduce the new course:
How is gas poisoning? What is gas poisoning? When you go home, will you ask anyone you know if there has been gas poisoning? How was it rescued at that time?
Second, learn the knowledge of gas poisoning:
1, season and cause of gas poisoning
(1) Every winter, if people are not careful when heating or taking a bath with a water heater, gas poisoning will occur.
(2) Because of the weather, all the windows are closed, resulting in air circulation and gas poisoning.
(3) Due to the user's negligence, the valve of the gas cylinder was not closed, resulting in gas poisoning.
2, the process of coal B gas poisoning
We know that human blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. The oxygen that people need in the process of life is brought to all parts of the human body by hemoglobin in red blood cells. Coal or charcoal will produce carbon monoxide gas when oxygen is insufficient and combustion is incomplete. Carbon monoxide is very corrosive, and the air contains 0. 04%0.06% or more quickly enters the blood stream, occupying all the red blood cells in a short time, grasping the hemoglobin in the red blood cells tightly, making it form carboxyhemoglobin, replacing the oxygenated hemoglobin formed by the combination of oxygen and hemoglobin under normal circumstances, making hemoglobin lose its function of transporting oxygen. The binding force between carbon monoxide and hemoglobin is 300 times greater than that between oxygen and hemoglobin. After carbon monoxide poisoning, human blood can't supply enough oxygen to the tissues and organs of the whole body in time, and the oxygen content in the blood drops obviously. The brain is one of the organs that need oxygen most. Once oxygen is cut off, the oxygen in the body can only be consumed for 10 minutes, which will soon lead to coma and life-threatening.
3. Symptoms of gas
Carbon monoxide gas can combine with hemoglobin in human red blood cells, making hemoglobin lose its oxygen-carrying ability, and people are poisoned instead. The initial symptoms of poisoning are dizziness, headache, dizziness, palpitation, nausea and vomiting, and then the above symptoms get worse, dizziness, lethargy, thready, rapid and weak pulse and blood pressure drop. Finally, they often suffocate and die because of severe hypoxia.
4, the method of first aid
If gas poisoning patients are found, first of all, open the doors and windows immediately, move the patients to a place with fresh and ventilated air, and then notify the hospital to send a car and doctors for rescue.
5. Fire fighting knowledge of field fire fighting students. Student exchange teacher summary.
Third, learn fire prevention knowledge.
1, the winter weather is cold, the rain is scarce, there are many kinds of raw materials stored, and the gas consumption for fire and electricity is large. Winter is the beginning and end of every year. With busy production, short days and long nights, people tend to slack off and often ignore fire safety, so the first fire can't be found in time. Therefore, there are many fire accidents in winter, with great losses and casualties.
2. What are the ways to escape from fire?
Generally speaking, fire escape methods mainly include:
① Use climbing fire engines and hook ladders to escape;
(2) escape by building access or facilities in the building;
③ Self-made escape equipment;
(4) looking for a place to escape;
⑤ mutual rescue and escape;
⑥ Use nearby fire fighting equipment or other equipment to extinguish fire and escape.
3. When you are on fire, what is the correct fire extinguishing method?
Once there is a fire, you should first take off your clothes and put it out. Or roll around and suffocate. But don't roll too fast and don't run. If there is a pool, pond and other water sources nearby, you can quickly jump into the water, or get water from the nearest place in time to put out the fire. But when the body is burned, be careful not to jump into the sewage to prevent infection.
How to put out the fire of household appliances?
(1) Shut down immediately, unplug the power plug or pull down the main brake. If only electric sparks are found, the fire will go out automatically after power failure.
(2) When combustible materials such as wire insulation and electrical shell catch fire, they can be suffocated with wet quilts and other coverings.
(3) Do not use water to put it out, in case the picture tube of the TV set breaks and hurts people.
(4) Without repair, the power supply shall not be connected to avoid electric shock and fire accidents.
Fourth, after-class summary
Through this theme class meeting, students should improve the protection significance of daily life and start from small things. Develop good living habits. Reduce the frequency of potential safety hazards.
The third teaching goal of "prevention of gas poisoning" for large classes in kindergarten;
1, through understanding the gas poisoning incident, improve students' safety awareness;
2. By analyzing the causes of gas poisoning, make students know how to save themselves in the face of gas poisoning;
3, preliminary grasp the safety knowledge of preventing gas poisoning.
Teaching focus:
Understand the situation and treatment methods of gas poisoning;
Teaching difficulties:
Treatment of gas poisoning;
Teaching methods:
Combine teaching, discussion and demonstration.
Teaching strategies:
Group cooperative learning
Teaching process:
(A) come straight to the point and know the truth
Dear students, this semester we are about to face winter, cold winter, which is often the high incidence of gas poisoning. If you are not careful, you may be in danger and cause an accident. In order to enhance students' safety awareness and improve our ability of self-care and self-help, we have prepared this class meeting with the theme of "Safety Education against Gas Poisoning".
(Introduce the recent gas poisoning incident reported by our province and city)
Gas poisoning case 1. _ _ News Author: Reporter
[Abstract] At 9: 00 a.m. on August 9, a man was found dead in a black SUV in the middle section of Changling South Road in High-tech Zone, three or four days after he was found. After the police from Garden Police Station of Hi-tech Branch rushed to the scene, they immediately pulled up warning tape around the vehicle. After on-site forensic investigation, it was initially confirmed that the man had died and there was no obvious trauma on the deceased. After forensic identification, it was determined that the cause of the man's death was the unfortunate death of inhaling excessive carbon monoxide after turning on the air conditioner in the closed state of the car.
Case 2 of gas poisoning: Shaanxi _ _: Going home to attend the funeral, there was an accident, and five people in a room were poisoned and knocked down (playing the news report video at that time)
Case 3 of gas poisoning: Shaanxi 1 1 Primary school girls died of gas poisoning (news reports and related videos were broadcast at that time).
(2) About the new lesson:
1. Subject: gas poisoning safety education blackboard.
2. Question: In what season did gas poisoning occur?
3. Ask the students: Raise your hand and answer.
4. Teacher's comment: Gas poisoning generally occurs in autumn and winter, because the temperature is low in autumn and winter, the air pressure is low, and the indoor air circulation is not smooth, which is the most likely to lead to gas poisoning accidents. Of course, gas poisoning accidents will also occur in summer, more often when we use air conditioners.
Student activities: group inquiry learning;
1. What is the principle of gas poisoning? Write on the blackboard.
1, discuss in groups, and each group of students discuss the principle of gas poisoning according to their own knowledge from news, newspapers and other channels;
2. The teacher asks questions to each group.
Teacher's comments:
Gas poisoning usually refers to carbon monoxide poisoning. If the content of carbon monoxide in the air reaches 0.04%-0.06%, people can be poisoned.
2. Carbon monoxide is colorless and tasteless. It often invades people's respiratory tract unconsciously under unexpected circumstances, especially during sleep, enters the blood through gas exchange in alveoli, spreads to the whole body, and causes poisoning.
3. The binding capacity of hemoglobin with carbon monoxide in blood is more than 200 times stronger than that with oxygen, and the separation speed of hemoglobin and oxygen is very slow. Therefore, once people inhale carbon monoxide, oxygen loses the chance to combine with hemoglobin, so that tissues and cells can't get enough oxygen from the blood, which makes people lack oxygen and have difficulty breathing.
4. The time of symptoms and the severity of carbon monoxide poisoning are closely related to the indoor concentration of carbon monoxide and the age of the poisoned person. Young people are more sensitive than the elderly, and pregnant women, obese people and patients with chronic heart and lung diseases are also prone to poisoning.
The doctor reminded that carbon monoxide poisoning has the greatest damage to the brain nervous system and palpitations, leading to blood supply blockage and hypoxia, high disability rate, easy to cause delayed encephalopathy, and it is very difficult to recover after treatment.
Student activities: group inquiry learning;
Second, the cause of gas poisoning?
1, discuss in groups, and discuss the causes of gas poisoning in each group;
2. The teacher asks questions to each group.
Teacher's comments:
Common causes of gas poisoning?
(1) When heating and cooking with a coal stove in a closed room, a large amount of carbon monoxide can be generated and stored indoors due to poor ventilation and insufficient oxygen supply.
(1) Doors and windows are closed and there is no ventilation;
(2) Dereliction of duty, mental paralysis, resulting in a large number of gas overflow;
(3) The chimney installation is unreasonable, and the chimney mouth is facing the tuyere, which makes the gas flow backwards;
(4) Under bad weather conditions, such as strong wind, snow, cloudy and low air pressure, it is difficult for gas circulation to discharge.
(2) Urban residents use pipeline gas or liquefied gas. If the pipeline leaks, the switch is not tight, or a large amount of gas overflows after the flame is extinguished during cooking, it will also cause poisoning.
(3) Using gas water heater, the ventilation is poor and the bathing time is too long.
(4) Starting the car in the garage in winter or summer or sleeping in the car after starting the air conditioner in the car may cause gas poisoning. Because automobile exhaust contains carbon monoxide, a 20-horsepower automobile engine can produce 28 liters of carbon monoxide a minute.
Third, the symptoms of gas poisoning? ：
Symptoms of gas poisoning
1, mild poisoning. People who are poisoned will feel dizzy, headache, dizziness and general weakness. At this time, if you can open the window in time to ventilate and inhale fresh air, the symptoms will be alleviated and will soon disappear.
2. Moderate poisoning. Poisoned people may have symptoms such as sweating, irritability, unsteady walking, pale skin, vague consciousness, general feeling sleepy, drowsiness and fatigue. If effective measures are taken, it can basically be cured, leaving few sequelae.
3. Severe poisoning. At this time, most of the poisoned people are delirious, with clenched teeth, convulsions, incontinence, cherry red complexion and lips, accelerated breathing and pulse, elevated blood pressure, irregular heart rate, rales in the lungs, and possibly elevated body temperature. Extremely critical patients may be in a deep coma, with weak pulse, irregular breathing, decreased blood pressure and high fever of 40 degrees Celsius. At this time, life is dying and the mortality rate is high. Even if you are lucky enough to survive, you will leave serious sequelae.
Four, how to quickly deal with gas poisoning accidents
Cooperate with animation to help students understand.
Methods/steps
1, open the window for ventilation
If you find gas poisoning, or feel that you have such a situation, open the doors and windows as soon as possible, let out the toxic gas in the room and let fresh air flow in. If the poisoned person is found to be unconscious or dizzy, he must be sent out of the house.
2. Relax your clothes
In case of gas poisoning, if you are still awake, loosen your collar and let yourself breathe more smoothly. If the poisoned person is found, the ambulance personnel should quickly untie the patient's clothes, belts, etc., and pay attention to keep warm.
3, clean up the mucus in the mouth
After gas poisoning, it is necessary to clean the mouth of the poisoned person, especially the coma patient, because once a person is poisoned by gas, some body fluids will involuntarily flow to the mouth and nose, which will easily lead to poor breathing and more serious consequences.
Step 4 feed some sugar tea
If the poisoned person still has his own consciousness and swallowing ability, he should prepare a cup of sugar tea for the patient to drink, so that the patient can replenish proper physical strength and wait for further treatment.
5. artificial respiration
If the patient is found unconscious or weak in breathing, artificial respiration should be given to the patient after cleaning the nose and mouth. Fresh air enters the patient's body, and patients who are not seriously poisoned can alleviate some symptoms, but they must master the correct methods.
Step 6 contact the hospital
If the poisoning is not too serious, only dizziness, nausea and pale face appear, then the only way is to move the patient to a room with fresh air and not cold to lie down and rest. When the patient is in a coma, his heart beats faster, or his symptoms are more serious, he must contact the hospital for professional treatment. This must not be underestimated.
Student activities: simulation exercises
If a classmate in your group is poisoned by gas while taking a shower, how to give first aid?
Tips:
1. One person pretends gas poisoning;
2. Keep the poisoned person away from the scene 1 m;
3. The team leader is well organized and the division of labor is reasonable.
Scenario 1: Taking a bath with a gas water heater, I feel dizzy, headache, dizziness and general weakness.
Scene 2: A classmate was poisoned while taking a bath with a gas water heater, and he appeared sweating, fidgety, unsteady walking, pale skin, vague consciousness and vomit in his mouth.
Scenario 3: A classmate is poisoned when taking a bath with a gas water heater, and he has symptoms such as sweating, irritability, unsteady walking, pale skin, blurred consciousness and fever.
Scenario 4: A classmate was poisoned while taking a bath with a gas water heater, and he appeared sweating, fidgety, unsteady walking, pale skin, vague consciousness, coma or dizziness approaching coma.
Scene 5: A classmate is poisoned, unconscious, his heart beats faster and his breathing is weak when he takes a bath with a gas water heater.
(Guide students to operate correctly)
Rescue poisoning as soon as possible. Poisoning of gas water heaters is often due to low vigilance and sometimes occurs unconsciously. If not controlled, poisoning symptoms will develop rapidly. So once someone is found to be poisoned, it must be rescued as soon as possible.
1, quickly close the air valve, open the doors and windows for ventilation, and let the poisoned person leave the scene as soon as possible;
2, put the poisoned person's head flat, so that his breathing is not hindered;
3. Keep warm to avoid getting cold and aggravating lung infection;
4. If there is vomit in the mouth, gently wipe it with a clean cloth wrapped with your fingers to avoid suffocation caused by entering the pharyngeal cavity;
5. If the poisoned person has a high fever, you can use an ice pack or towel for cold compress;
6. People with mild poisoning can drink a small amount of vinegar or sauerkraut water to make them wake up quickly;
7. If the victim's face is blue, his limbs are cold and his breathing stops, he should be given mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration immediately;
8. If the victim's heart has stopped beating, he should also cooperate with chest compressions during artificial respiration. And you should get in touch with the emergency doctor in the shortest time. )
Five, how to prevent gas poisoning:
Write on the blackboard.
1, to prevent gas pipelines and gas stoves from leaking.
2, to prevent the gas from being doused after ignition, causing a lot of frustration.
3, the correct use of gas water heaters
4. Keep indoor air circulation. Never use combustible materials such as coal, charcoal, firewood, coke, etc. for heating indoors without chimneys.
6. When driving, don't let the engine idle for a long time; Don't turn on the air conditioner for too long when the car stops; Even when driving, always open the window to let the air inside and outside the car have convection. If you feel unwell, stop and have a rest; If you feel dizzy, heavy and weak when driving or riding an air-conditioned car, you should open the window in time to breathe fresh air.
Six: collective discussion:
Question: What did you learn in this class meeting? What should I do in the future?
The teacher summed up: prevention of gas poisoning, prevention first. Most gas poisoning accidents can be prevented as long as students have a strong sense of safety precautions. I hope that through this safety education class for gas poisoning, students will be vigilant, enhance their safety awareness and master the self-help skills of gas poisoning. I hope students can stay away from accidents and be safe and happy every day!
Seven. homework
1. After returning home, find out with your family what potential safety hazards are prone to gas poisoning, and solve them on the same day to ensure a safe and warm winter.
2. Tell your parents and people around you what you have learned today, and everyone will strive to be a volunteer propagandist to prevent soot and gas poisoning.
3, do a "prevention of gas poisoning safety education" blackboard newspaper or handwritten newspaper publicity.
Teaching plan 4 of "preventing gas poisoning" for large classes in kindergarten;
By learning the knowledge about gas safety, students can establish the concept of self-help and mutual rescue, form the consciousness of self-help and mutual rescue, and prevent some unnecessary accidents.
Learning process:
First, introduce the conversation:
Students live in a happy and warm family and are cared for and cared for by their parents and family. There seems to be no danger. But there are still many things in family life that need to be paid attention to and treated with care, otherwise it will easily lead to danger and accidents. In fact, there have always been hidden dangers in our family, especially about the use of gas. We must always be vigilant.
Gas is a kind of high-quality gas fuel, which is clean, convenient and energy-saving. It plays an active role in improving people's living standards, promoting economic development and protecting the environment. Gas is also a flammable, explosive and toxic gas. If used improperly, it will also be very dangerous and cause accidents.
Second, the safe use of gas knowledge transfer
1) When working in gas appliance, people can't leave for a long time, in case they are blown out by the wind or doused by the overflowing water in the pot, resulting in a large amount of gas leakage and fire. (give an example)
2) When using gas appliances (such as gas stoves and gas water heaters). ), indoor ventilation should be fully guaranteed, and enough oxygen should be kept to prevent gas poisoning.
Specific issues include:
1) How to identify gas leakage?
2) What are the symptoms of gas poisoning?
3) What measures should be taken for gas poisoning?
4) What are the hazards of stacking things near the gas meter?
5) How to light the gas?
6) How to adjust the flame?
7) Maintenance of gas stove
Third, let students interpret some kitchen fragments, so that everyone can learn to save themselves, find problems and take measures.
Fourth, through the theme class meeting, students learned about gas safety knowledge, protected themselves and ensured the safety of their homes.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) class meeting summary