Teaching goal (1) cognitive goal 1, describing the morphological and structural characteristics of bacteria; 2) Being able to distinguish the nutritional mode and reproductive mode of bacteria; 2) Skill goal 1 to improve students' ability to use what they have learned to explain practical problems in life.

2. Further cultivate students' thinking abilities such as observation, analysis, induction and reasoning, and the ability to design inquiry experiments. (3) Emotional goal 1. By studying the positive and negative effects of bacteria (harmful and beneficial), we can correctly understand the relationship between bacteria and human beings and their role in nature, and cultivate students' dialectical materialism view teaching material analysis 1. Teaching material content analysis Bacteria are an important kind of organisms in the biological world, and understanding bacteria is beneficial to better understanding the biological world.

Through the process of bacterial discovery, the textbook expounds that scientific development is closely related to technological progress. By introducing Pasteur's experiments, students can be emotionally educated: new scientific discoveries are based on careful thinking and careful experiments.

The individual of bacteria is very small, and its morphology can only be observed under high power microscope and electron microscope. The textbook allows students to understand the structure of bacteria through observation and thinking. Compared with animal and plant cells, bacteria have no formed nucleus.

In addition, bacteria have no chloroplast, which determines that bacteria can only survive by using ready-made organic matter. Bacteria reproduce by division, and their rapid reproduction and spore formation make them almost everywhere.

Through life examples, let students understand the role of bacteria in nature and its relationship with human beings. 2. Teaching emphasis: the structural characteristics and nutritional methods of bacteria; The relationship between bacteria and human beings.

3. Teaching difficulties: the nutritional model of bacteria and the design of exploratory experiment scheme. Teaching ideas 1. Intuitive teaching method: through the intuitive teaching means of courseware, it creates a biological micro-world, arouses students' perceptual knowledge, obtains vivid representations and promotes a more comprehensive and profound grasp and understanding of knowledge.

2. Goal-oriented method: around the teaching objectives, arouse doubts step by step, guide students to find problems according to certain procedures, and enable students to explore and acquire knowledge step by step. 3. Reasoning: Cultivate students' ability to draw conclusions by dialectical reasoning.

Let students learn how to think, analyze and study the connotation of things through their appearances. Description of learning method 1. Discussion: In the teaching process, let students discuss and solve problems in groups.

Through discussion, students can brainstorm, inspire each other, deepen their understanding and raise their awareness, at the same time, they can also stimulate their enthusiasm for learning, cultivate the spirit of studying problems and train their language expression ability. 2. Observation methods: methods and steps to guide students to observe; Creating problem scenarios helps students to observe, discover and solve problems with problems, cultivate their keen observation ability and ability to collect and process information, and help them develop a rigorous and serious scientific attitude.

3. Comparative method: By analyzing the similarities, differences and internal relations between bacteria and other organisms, students' knowledge and understanding of bacterial life phenomena is further than simple observation. Introduction observation in the teaching process: (showing rotten fruit pictures) Are you familiar with this situation? Can you explain why? Discussion and communication: bacteria, a word that students are familiar with, but do you know? According to your life experience, talk about some knowledge of bacteria.

How were bacteria discovered? Reading the text: Please read the relevant contents of these books P58-P59. What important information can you get from them? The discovery of bacteria 1, the discovery of bacteria:17th century, Levin Hooker 2, the father of microbiology-Pasteur (proposed pasteurization), do you know Changzhou brand milk? Red plum milk, what kind of disinfection method does it use? The pasteurization method is introduced and briefly introduced. What new knowledge do you have about scientific discoveries through reading? 1, the development of science is closely related to the progress of technology, and new scientific discoveries are based on careful thinking and careful experiments.

Pasteur's story tells us that as long as we observe carefully, think carefully and practice bravely, we can discover the mystery of nature. From a biological point of view, what kind of morphological structure does bacteria have? Observe the morphological structure of bacteria: show the morphological map of bacteria and understand the three forms of bacteria.

Bacteria have different forms, but the basic structure is the same. What about the structure of bacteria? Observation: A picture showing the structure of bacteria. Students discuss in groups and compare with animal and plant cells.

Summarize the structural characteristics of bacteria. According to the structure of bacteria, what is the nutritional mode of bacteria? The nutritional pathway of bacteria was introduced. The nutritional mode of bacteria is heterotrophic (saprophytic and parasitic). How do familiar plants reproduce? (Seeds and spores), how do bacteria reproduce? Observation: The courseware shows ① the process of bacterial reproduction. Students tell about the characteristics of reproduction: binary fission guides students to complete skill training, and students talk about enlightenment: in daily life, we often see such a phenomenon. Can you explain them with what you have learned? 1, hot summer, food is easy to rot, but why can the food in the refrigerator be kept for a long time? 2. Why are dried mushrooms and fungus easier to preserve than fresh ones? 3. When the Great Wall was built in Qin Dynasty in China, one of the food for the builders was vegetables salted in jars. Can you tell me why pickled vegetables can be preserved for a long time? Starting from life examples, students are guided to analyze, and on this basis, it is concluded that bacteria need certain conditions to survive and reproduce.

(Moisture, organic matter, suitable temperature) These two days, we felt the cold weather. How do bacteria survive this cold environment? Observation of spore structure: shows the process of spore formation and germination under suitable conditions. It is emphasized that spores are a kind of dormant body of bacteria.

From the reproductive characteristics and spore structure, guide students to think about the characteristics of bacteria adapting to its wide distribution. The relationship between bacteria and humans is understood through your bacteria. Do you think bacteria are good or bad for human beings? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages or do the disadvantages outweigh the advantages? 1, student exchange 2, video playback: visual enhancement, so that students have a comprehensive and correct understanding of bacteria, so that students feel that bacteria are both beneficial and harmful to human beings, and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.

2. Small class safety teaching plan "stay away from terrible germs"

moving target

Know bacteria and understand the relationship between bacteria and our lives.

Understand that hygiene is good for health.

Activities to be prepared

Microscope, music "Wash Hands Song".

Act out the story "Make trouble and get sick".

Activity process

First, the story performance: making trouble and getting sick

1, the whole performance story "making trouble and getting sick".

2. Understand the story and know the harm of bacteria.

Question:

I think eating oranges will hurt your stomach, right?

Why do you have a stomachache?

Second, observe and find bacteria.

1, looking for bacteria with a microscope?

The teacher introduced the microscope and asked the children to look at the little hands under the microscope and talk about their findings.

Question:

What's the difference between our little hands under the microscope and peacetime?

Did you find bacteria? What are bacteria like?

2. Looking for bacteria in life?

The teacher guided the children to look for places with bacteria.

How bacteria appear in our lives.

Third, the music "Wash Hands Song"

1, let children understand that hygiene is good for their health.

2. Sing hand-washing songs while doing actions.

3. Small class teaching plan "Bite germs"

moving target

1, know the harm of bacteria.

2. Be able to tell where bacteria are hidden and how to get rid of them.

3. Cultivate their interest in stories.

Activities to be prepared

A homemade bacterial prop, with the experience of "Wash Hands Song".

Activity process

First, the game Little Clap is imported.

"Little hand clap, my little hand clap; Small hands clap, my small hands wave; Small hands clap, my little hands turn; Small hand clap, my small hand hides. " Hide the last sentence, let the children give full play to their imagination and collect the small ones.

Second, tell the story of "bacteria hide and seek".

Teacher: Your little hand can hide, and so can a baby. Do you want to know who it is? (takes out homemade teaching AIDS) Guess who it is?

Teacher: Actually, it's a bacterial baby. Baby bacteria are good at hiding. Where is it hidden? Listen carefully, little ears. The first paragraph of the story. Q: Is bacterial baby bad? Where is it hidden?

Teacher: Bacteria are hidden under nails. Should we throw it away? In the second paragraph of the story, Q: How did the children in the story finally drive it away?

Teacher: Washing hands can drive away germs from babies. Can children wash their hands?

Put out your little hand and let's wash it together.

"rub your hands; Rub your hands and back; Change your hand, rub it again, shake it three times, one, two, three. "

Third, the theme is sublimated.

Teacher: Actually, baby bacteria are not only hidden under nails, but also in other places. Think about it, children. Where will it hide?

Teacher: You are great! Find out where so many bacteria are hiding, then how can we destroy them?

Summary: Bacteria will hide in the body, clothes, hair, hands, feet and stomach. Children should wash their hands, wash their hair, cut their nails, take a bath and change clothes frequently.

Activity expansion

The teacher drew a safe area on the ground with chalk. As long as you enter the safe area, it is safe. Choose one child as a "carrier" and the others will be scattered. When the teacher gives the order, the "carrier" can chase others at will and pat the body parts with his hands. The person who is photographed becomes a "carrier" and can photograph other children.

4. Children's health: reflecting on the bacteria around us

Health care is very important for children in small classes. It is an important content of their health education and the foundation of their physical and mental health to cultivate their good living habits and enable them to have basic self-care ability. Therefore, we mobilize children's senses by listening, speaking, watching and playing, further guide children to know their own little hands, understand the importance of hand washing and the correct methods of hand washing in observing pictures and participating in games, so as to arouse children's awareness of bacteria, understand their harm, stimulate their desire to discover and explore the elimination of bacteria, thus establishing good health care common sense and promoting their harmonious and healthy development.

First of all, through vivid stories to stimulate children's interest in exploring bacteria and increase their understanding of bacteria-

Secondly, after I tell the story once, the children can basically answer the question about the content of the story-"Where did the baby bacteria go, children?" What terrible weapon did Baby Mushroom encounter later? Children can master the teacher's questions well and tell us that there are bacteria everywhere in our lives (on our clothes, hands, hair, tables and so on). Children can tell us that washing hands can drive away bacteria.

Finally, I organized the children to play games, and the teacher acted as a faucet. These children are all bacterial babies. If the "bacteria baby" is caught by the "faucet", the game will be terminated. Children can listen to the command well, and some children stand still and don't run. The shortcomings ended in a hurry, so children should be allowed to play games twice more. Finally, to sum up, our children should develop the good habit of washing their hands frequently, so as to drive away the bacterial babies and keep our children from getting sick. Master the correct hand washing method, know when to wash your hands, and the harm of not washing your hands. From washing hands to being a hygienic child, take a bath frequently and pay attention to personal hygiene.

5. Let bacteria have nowhere to hide.

1. Writing teaching cases by teachers is a way for teachers to constantly reflect on and improve their own teaching, which can make teachers more deeply aware of the key points and difficulties in their work. This process is the process of teachers' self-education and growth.

2. The process of teachers writing teaching cases is the process of mutual transformation between external education theory and internal teaching theory, which can provide rich practical situations for new teachers and in-service teachers, help to integrate theory with practice in teaching and cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.

3. Teaching cases are a true and typical record of teachers' teaching behavior, a true embodiment of teachers' teaching ideas and concepts, a valuable resource for education and teaching research, and an important medium for communication between teachers.

6. Is there a lesson plan for the safety knowledge of small classes in kindergartens?

The lesson plan of Beware of Eating by mistake is as follows:

Teaching goal: to know and understand the harm of bacteria to human body, so as to develop good eating and hygiene habits.

Activity preparation: courseware

I. Activity Import

At the beginning of the class, the teacher showed the multimedia courseware-a group of hateful bacteria appeared on the screen, eroding the healthy people's bodies unscrupulously and telling their own harm to the human body. That ugly phenomenon and strange sound will definitely arouse students' disgust.

-bacteria are disgusting, so they begin to be psychologically rejected.

Second, the activity process

1, multimedia presentation-bacterial travel

Bacteria came to the garden, beautiful: green cabbage, red lantern-like pepper, golden day lily, to meet a group of bees dancing. At this time, the bacteria touched a green cucumber. Xiaojun came home from school and went to the vegetable garden. He picked this cucumber and ate it happily. Just in the middle of eating, some bacteria "messed up" in Xiaojun's stomach, and Xiaojun was very painful.

Half a cucumber fell in my hand. The bacteria remaining on the cucumber smiled proudly: "We are really amazing!" " "

Bacteria continue to spread. They came to the city and were trapped in the garbage beside the road. A car sped by, and the bacteria flew with dust on the spicy dried tofu at the roadside stall.

"Jingle-"After school, Xiaowen rushed to the stall, bought a spicy dried bean curd and wolfed it down. In the evening, Xiaowen vomited and diarrhea. It's hard! Mom and dad rushed him to the hospital, and with the help of the doctor, the bacteria were finally eliminated.

2. Students discuss and communicate: Why are Xiaojun and Xiaowen sick?

The teacher encourages students to express their opinions, so that students can understand after discussion: the food on the stove is unsanitary, and our little hands are stained with bacteria.

There are bacteria on raw fruits and vegetables-so remember: be careful to swallow food by mistake.

Three. Activity summary

Students discuss: How can we make ourselves a good boy who stresses hygiene?

1, children swallow nail polish by mistake: nail polish contains harmful substances such as benzene, which is corrosive to some extent. It is recommended to drink milk and egg white to put a protective film on the gastric mucosa. Intake of a certain amount of protein will neutralize its toxicity and reduce the * * * effect on the intestine.

2, children swallow iodine by mistake: if it is only a small amount, drink plenty of water to promote body excretion; If you drink too much, it is recommended to drink some liquid containing starch, such as rice soup and noodle soup, and then induce vomiting until the vomit has no color.

3, children swallow mercury by mistake: it is common for children to bite mercury thermometers and swallow mercury by mistake. You should take the broken glass out of the child's mouth, rinse your mouth with water, then drink a lot of milk and take it to the hospital at once. Breaking the thermometer in the room leads to mercury leakage, so the room should be ventilated.