1 variety selection
Varieties should choose excellent hanging melon varieties with many melons, large melons, many seeds and heavy grains; Disease-free and robust root tuber of Cucurbita pepo should be selected as the seedling.
2 seedling transplanting
2. 1 sowing time
It should be broadcast as early as possible, from mid-February to mid-March.
2.2 Seed preparation
The seed coat of Cucurbita moschata is hard, so it germinates early. Before sowing, soak the seed in clear water for 2 days or soak it in warm water at about 45-50℃ 10min before sowing.
2.3 Seedbed preparation
The seedbed of hanging melon should be in a warm and sunny place. Before sowing, the soil should be deeply turned, so that the surface of the border is flat and the soil is fine, and the foot water should be poured, and the fine soil or grass soil ash should be covered by 3cm.
2.4 sowing
After the seeds are sown in the seedbed, cover with 3cm of fine soil, water and moisten, cover with plastic film, set up a film shed before emergence, remove the film after emergence, cool down and harden the seedlings, and transplant when the seedlings grow to 8-10 cm.
3 live broadcast method
From the end of March to mid-April, before sowing, land preparation is done, and base fertilizer is applied. In the first year, 600 plants are planted per mu, with a row spacing of 6m×0.2m After flowering, male plants are removed, 70 plants are retained per mu in the second year, 35 plants are retained per mu in the third year, 25 plants are retained per mu in the future, and 5 plants are generally retained per mu.
4. Soil preparation and hole digging
According to the area of hanging melon garden and the size of hanging melon seedlings, the number of hanging melons is determined to dig holes. Digging holes planted by transplanting root tuber, digging holes according to 5.5m×5.5m, generally about 25 holes are dug per mu (the density of the garden of new species can be appropriately increased), the hole diameter is 0.8-1.2m, and the depth is 0.6m；; Sprinkle 100g quicklime around the hole for soil disinfection, apply sufficient base fertilizer, then cover the soil level with the ground and make it fully fermented. After application, cover the fertilizer with soil 10cm for planting.
5. Reasonable colonization
2-3 plants are planted in each hole for seedling raising and transplanting, and the transplanting depth is 3-5 cm; From late March to early April, the stem with a diameter of more than 3cm is selected and cut into 5-7 cm segments, and plant ash (mixed with 50% calcium magnesium phosphate) is dipped in the incision to disinfect and prevent root rot. According to the ratio of male and female tuberous roots 1 5:1,2 plants are planted in each empty space, and if the diameter of tuberous roots is more than 3cm, they are planted in each hole1plant, with fine soil of 3-5 cm, watered and moisturized, and generally 5 plants are male per mu.
6 field management
6. 1 Erection of scaffolding
Scaffolding materials should be made of solid cement products as columns (bamboo and wood are also used on the right), on which iron wires are pulled for vines to climb. The spacing between scaffolding columns is generally about 3m, and the height of the shed is about 2m. For the hanging melon seedlings planted in that year, a simple scaffolding can be set up for climbing first.
6.2 pruning
When the vine length of the hanging gourd is 20-25 cm after budding, it should be inserted with small bamboo poles to lead the vine to the shed in time, leaving1-2 main branches and removing the redundant vine branches. For the melons and vines that have been put on the scaffolding, the main vines should be topped, and the melons and vines on the scaffolding should be evenly distributed, and the hanging branches should be handled in time. During the growth of melon vines, we should cut off the thin and weak side branches that are too dense on the scaffolding and the deformed vine branches that are harmed by diseases and pests.
6.3 Fertilization management
Hanging melon requires a large amount of fertilizer, so it is necessary to re-apply basic fertilizer, apply good melon fertilizer, skillfully apply anti-aging fertilizer, and pay attention to the coordinated use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
6.3. 1 basal fertilizer: 50kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of vegetable cake 1kg of vegetable cake, and an appropriate amount of compound fertilizer 1kg can also be added, which should be applied before winter or the next year's tuber germination, and before winter, with organic fertilizer 15kg, calcium superphosphate or compound fertilizer applied per acre.
6.3.2 Melon-bearing fertilizer shall be applied when the vines bud, and compound fertilizer 1kg shall be applied to each hole.
6.3.3 Anti-aging fertilizer should be applied before and after the summer heat. The frequency and quantity of fertilization should be flexibly controlled according to the situation of vines and melons.
6.4 Water management Guagua likes to be wet. In case of drought, attention should be paid to watering and drought resistance.
6.5 Intertillage weeding depends on the weed situation, timely intertillage weeding, increase soil aeration, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. 7. Increase the percentage of sitting melons.
Guagua is a dioecious plant, so the method of mixed planting of male and female can be adopted to improve the fruit setting rate, and male plants should be planted by the garden edge, generally 5 plants per mu should be planted to control the vine growth of male plants. Measures such as artificial pollination or placing bees at the edge of the garden can also be adopted to improve the fruit-setting rate.
8 pest control
The main pests and diseases of hanging melons are stem blight, anthracnose, melon-keeping, melon silk moth and aphid. According to the occurrence regularity and forecast of diseases and insect pests, the comprehensive prevention and control technology based on agricultural prevention and control is adopted, and biological pesticides are the first choice, so as to use pesticides scientifically. Blight can be sprayed with 800 times of 40% DuPont Fuxing EC; Carbuncle can be sprayed with 800-fold solution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 800-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder at the early stage of onset; Guarding melons can be artificially caught in the early morning of the occurrence period, or sprayed with pesticides such as trichlorfon when the dew is still wet. Guarding melons can be sprayed with pesticides such as "Diaosilongbao", Antaibao, triazophos and triazophos. Aphids can be controlled by spraying with 10% 3000-fold liquid or 20% 3000-fold liquid in good winter.
9 harvesting
Early-maturing varieties begin to mature from late August to early September. When the surface of melon skin begins to have white powder and turns pale yellow, they can be harvested, piled in the house for 2-3 days, then cut the melon, and dried after the seeds are washed.
10 post-harvest management
After the hanging melon is harvested, it is necessary to mainly protect the vines and promote the growth of root tubers. Before winter, after the vines of Cucurbita moschata are completely dried up, weeds in the field should be cleared, and the soil should be turned shallowly, preferably without damaging the roots. Appropriate amount of decomposed organic fertilizer should be applied to strengthen post-harvest management.
1 1 update management
In the third year after planting, Cucurbita pepo entered the fruit-flourishing period, with large vines and large fruits and high yield. If the fertilizer and water are properly managed, it can maintain high yield for many years, otherwise it will weaken and the fruit will become smaller and the yield will be low. It should be updated in time. Organic fertilizer can be re-applied to the roots to restore the growth potential, or all the roots can be dug in winter and spring, and the roots can be removed and planted in different places for re-cultivation.