Cultivation method

1, timely sowing and seedling raising: multi-layer mulching cultivation in greenhouse, sowing time is 65438+1the first half of October; Arch shed cultivation, sowing in the first half of February; Cultivation in the open field, sowing in the first half of March; Cultivation in the open field in autumn and sowing in the first half of July; Planting in greenhouse in autumn and sowing in the first half of August.

2. Preparation of nutrient soil: according to 7 parts of sterile fertile vegetable garden soil planted without melons +2 parts of decomposed dry fine manure+1 part of plant ash, add 1 kg of calcium superphosphate or 2-4 kg of heterotrophic fertilizer to each cubic meter of nutrient soil, and fully stir.

3. Soaking seeds to accelerate germination: the dosage of seeds is 3-3.5 kg.

(1) the hot water of boiling seeds. Put the seeds in hot water at 55℃, and keep stirring 15-20 minutes. When the temperature reaches about 30℃, soak the seeds for 5 hours.

(2) chemical soaking: after soaking the seeds for 3-4 hours, soak them in 10- 15 minutes of formalin (40% formaldehyde), or soak them in 0. 1% potassium permanganate or 10% trisodium phosphate for 20 minutes or/kloc-0.

③ Accelerating germination: wrapping with wet gauze and 1 layer plastic film, and accelerating germination at 25-30℃. Wash with warm water 1-2 times a day, and sow when the seeds are 80% white.

4. Sowing: put the nutrient soil into a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 10cm, move it into an arch shed or greenhouse, and pour enough root-fixing water. Insert the bud mouth of bare seeds into the pot downwards, each pot is 1 grain, and cover with soil 1- 1.5cm after sowing. The seedbed is covered with film, uncovered during the day and covered at night, and the bed temperature is kept at 25-30℃. Use sunshade nets to cool the seedlings in summer. After emergence, the bed temperature should be controlled at 20-25℃ and not lower than 65438 05℃ at night. Maintain and control a certain temperature and humidity in the shed. 4 leaves 1 heart time colonization.

Field fertilization

1. Apply base fertilizer: 75,000 kg/hm2 of decomposed organic fertilizer and 3,000 kg/hm2 of rice chaff or broken straw, and then plough deeply.

2. Farming: According to different farming methods, the width of the border is different.

① Plastic film mulching and bracket cultivation in the open field. The boundary width is 1.3m, the trench width is 0.4m, and the trench depth is 0.2m. Two rows are planted on the border with a row spacing of 0.5-0.6m, and the planting density is about 24,000 plants /hm. Or make the border 2.7 meters, and plant 1 row on both sides of the border with a spacing of 0.3 meters.

② Greenhouse, arch shed and plastic film mulching cultivation. The boundary width is 1m, the trench width is 0.4m, and the trench depth is 0.2m. Two rows are planted in each border with a row spacing of 0.4m, and about 30,000 plants are planted per hectare.

③ unsupported cultivation with plastic film in the open field. The boundary is 2.7m wide, the trench is 0.3m wide and the trench is 0.2m deep. Plant 1 row on both sides of the border with a spacing of 0.3m, and plant about 22,500 plants per hm2.

3. Trenching: longitudinal trenching is carried out in the border planting area, with a trench width of 0.3m and a trench depth of 0.4m.. ..

4. Applying furrow base fertilizer: applying high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer1.5000 kg/hm; Or dry manure and cake fertilizer1500kg/hm2; Or 600kg/hm2 of ternary compound fertilizer and 300kg/hm2 of calcium superphosphate. Stir the fertile soil and level the ditch to make a ridge.

Field planting

According to different cultivation methods and seasons, timely and age-appropriate planting. The suitable seedling age is 4 leaves 1 heart. Multi-layer mulching and early-maturing cultivation, sowing in late February to early March. It is necessary to cooperate with Barneda Bika rooting agent to pour enough root-fixing water, spread plastic film, cover arch shed film, grass curtain and greenhouse film. Autumn extension cultivation is to open the field first and then cover the film. Cultivation in different seasons should be covered with plastic film.

Management and maintenance

1, intertillage scarifying: If there is no plastic film, scarifying is needed for 3-4 times before pulling the rattan frame. This plant hoes shallowly near the roots and deeply away from the roots.

2. Erection of supports: Erect herringbone frames with 3m long bamboo poles, cross at 1.3m, and erect 2-3 cross frames with small bamboo poles. When breeding roe deer in the greenhouse, the height of the bracket in the greenhouse should not stab the greenhouse membrane.

3, the whole vine: the precocious shelf can not be picked. It is advisable to pick the core 2-3 times when climbing the ground, and it is necessary to press the vine. The late-maturing gourd should be cultivated in a flat shed, and 6-8 leaves of the main vine should be left after the vine is covered in the shed, and the main vine and the secondary vine should be removed immediately.

4. Artificial pollination: Artificial pollination is carried out in the evening.

5. Temperature and humidity management: early maturity cultivation in greenhouse. After planting, the key point is to keep the temperature in the greenhouse, and uncover the straw curtain during the day to keep the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-30℃ during the day and at 18-20℃ at night. After delayed emergence, the daily temperature in the shed was kept at 25℃ and the night temperature was 65438 05℃. When the temperature in the shed rises to 28℃ in the sunny morning, uncover the film for ventilation, and close the shed when the temperature in the shed drops to 28℃ in the afternoon. If the humidity in the shed is too high, it is necessary to increase the scope of film removal. When the temperature outside the shed normally reaches 20℃ at night, the shed film can be uncovered.

6. Water and fertilizer management: when planting, irrigate the root water, and then irrigate 1 times the water after seedling slowing. Before the flowering and fruiting period, top dressing with decomposed manure, organic fertilizer or compound fertilizer every 5 days or so 1 time; Topdressing 1 time every 10- 15 days during the fruiting period, and at the same time, pay attention to controlling water and fertilizer concentration to prevent melon from melting; Water in time after the fruiting period, preferably in the morning or evening. Spraying 0.5% urea and 1000 times Picard silicon-soluble potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution/kloc-0 every 0/0 day. Top dressing should be 1 time after picking melons. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season. Greenhouse cultivation should pay attention to ventilation, heat preservation and moisture reduction.

Tiantuan management

1, artificial weeding, timely control of pests and diseases.

2. Combine topdressing to smooth empty ridges and pave grass. Use straw or wheat straw about 1 kg per square meter to prevent grass shortage. When the main vine grows to about 50 cm, it is best to combine irrigation with topdressing urea 100 ~ 250g/ plant, and topdressing should not be too close to the main root to prevent root burning. Don't sprinkle urea on the leaves to avoid burning.

3, along the vine, pointed, forked, artificial pollination. Leave two main vines for each plant along the vines. Two main vines are placed horizontally on the empty ridge, which can cultivate directional soil at one time.

Pinch tip: First-class branch, start pinching tip when it grows to 3 leaves, observe and adjust the second and third-class branches, and pinch tip of main vine after August 23rd.

Artificial pollination: Generally, sweet gourd seeds are crossed every morning, and pollination begins on 16 in the afternoon, and can be stopped after the heat. Generally, two main vines knot 6-8 melons.

Harvesting: Gradually harvesting is started at the beginning of August, that is, when the first crop of melon grows to about 7-9 kg, it should be harvested on the first day and peeled on the second day.