In our country, cabbage is called lotus cabbage, cabbage, cabbage, etc. It is grown on a large scale in the northwest region and is also one of the main vegetable varieties cultivated in plateau summer vegetables in my country. Since spring cabbage is relatively easy to cultivate, it is grown in most areas of our country. It is currently the period of sowing and seedling raising. Therefore, today we will talk about the efficient cultivation technology of spring cabbage. ?
1. Sowing and raising seedlings
1. Variety selection
When planting spring cabbage, you should choose varieties with strong cold resistance, difficulty in bolting, round head type, and good growth period. Short, early-maturing varieties, such as Zhonggan No. 15 and other varieties.
2. Preparation of seedbeds
Choose a greenhouse or greenhouse that has not planted cruciferous crops in the previous crop for seedling raising. Prepare nutrient soil before raising seedlings. Generally, the nutrient soil is composed of It consists of 7 parts vegetable garden soil and 3 parts fully decomposed organic fertilizer. For every 100 kilograms of nutrient soil, add 0.2 kilograms of 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (15-15-15). In order to prevent diseases from occurring in the seedling stage, 5 kg of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% thiram wettable powder can be mixed in a ratio of 1:1 per acre and spread on the seedbed. Apply boron to increase temperature 7 to 10 days before sowing.
3. Sow seeds at the right time
Before sowing, the seeds must be sterilized. The specific method is: soak the seeds in warm water of 50℃ and stir continuously until the water temperature drops to 25℃. , and then soak the seeds for about 4 hours. After taking them out, rinse the seeds with clean water, wrap them in wet gauze, and then place them at a constant temperature of 20~25°C for germination. Wash with warm water at 25°C every 4 to 6 hours, and wait until 60% to 80% of the seeds are white before sowing.
Choose to sow in the morning on a sunny day. Before sowing, water the seedbed thoroughly with water. After the water seeps in, spray 1,000 times of insecticide once to prevent the damage of mole crickets. Then cover with a layer of fine soil, spread seeds evenly at 6 g/m2, cover with soil about 1 cm, and finally cover with film to increase warmth and moisture.
4. Seedling management
After cabbage is sown, the daytime temperature should be maintained at 15~23℃, and the night temperature should be maintained at about 15℃. The seedlings can emerge in about 5 days. Lift off the covering film on the seedbed promptly and water evenly with small amounts of water. When the cabbage grows 3 true leaves, the weak seedlings should be removed to retain the strong seedlings. Start hardening seedlings about 7 days before planting to prevent vernalization. The temperature can be maintained at 15~20℃ during the day and 8~10℃ at night. When the cabbage seedlings grow to 5 leaves and 1 heart, they can be transplanted.
2. Transplanting and planting
Choose a flat plot with good water and fertilizer retention properties for soil preparation before planting. Applying sufficient base fertilizer during soil preparation is crucial to the yield and quality of spring cabbage. important. It is recommended to apply 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of decomposed and high-quality organic fertilizer, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, 10 to 15 kilograms of urea, and 15 to 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate per mu.
When preparing the soil, spread fully decomposed high-quality organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on the ground, plow it 30 cm deep, and rake it levelly to make a fine border. The border height is 15 cm, the border width is 60 cm, and the furrow width is 40 cm. Then cover it with mulch film. When covering it with mulch film, it is best to use black mulch film, which can effectively reduce the harm of weeds.
When the outside temperature is stable at 8℃, planting can be carried out. When planting, use a punch to punch holes in the film surface. The spacing between plants is 30 cm, the spacing between rows is 40 cm, and there are two rows in each row. Plant in water and cover with soil. Finally, water it once along the ditch.
3. Field management after planting
1. Management during the seedling slowing period
Because it is planted under mulch covering, spring cabbage slows down its seedlings relatively quickly. Seedling slowing can be completed in about 5 days. During the slow seedling stage of spring cabbage, no additional operations are generally required.
2. Management of rosette stage
After entering the rosette stage, the seedlings must first be squatted for 10 to 15 days to promote the differentiation of rosette leaves and bulb leaves. When the plant grows strong and new leaves begin to close, squatting is over. At this time, in order to promote balling, watering should be done once every 5 to 6 days, and fertilizer should be applied once in combination with watering. Apply 20 kg of urea and 10 kg of potassium sulfate per mu.
3. Management during the bulbing period
The bulbing period is the most vigorous growth stage of cabbage, and it is also the period when the most water and fertilizer are needed. In the early stage of ball formation, water once every 3 to 4 days, combine watering and fertilization 1 to 2 times, and apply 20 kg of urea per mu. In order to prevent the bulbs from bursting, do not apply nitrogen fertilizer in the later stages of bulbing, and also control watering.
In addition, in the middle and late stages of cabbage growth, combined with pest control, foliar top dressing can be carried out 2 to 3 times. During the rosette leaf formation stage, early stage of balling, and middle stage of balling, you can use 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for foliar spraying, or you can use Shibao organic water-soluble fertilizer for melon and vegetable leaves, with a spray concentration of 1500 to 2000 times the liquid. .
For areas where dry heartburn has been more serious in previous years, calcium chloride aqueous solution can be sprayed 2 to 3 times on the leaves of spring cabbage from the rosette stage to the late bulbing stage for prevention and control, with a spray concentration of 0.3 %~0.5%; for areas lacking boron, 0.2%~0.3% borax solution can be sprayed 2~3 times on the leaves.
4. Pest and disease control
The main field diseases of spring cabbage include downy mildew and soft rot, and the pests include cabbage caterpillars, night thieves and aphids. Downy mildew: In the early stage of the disease, you can choose furoyl, manganese-zinc wettable powder, ethylenyl-prosodium zinc, metal-propamocarb, propenyl-propanecarb, oxanone-permethanone, permethanone, etc. Agents such as phosphine and aluminum should be sprayed once every 7 to 10 days depending on the condition; when the disease is common, agents such as propamocarb hydrochloride, fluopyram, dimethomorph + chlorothalonil, and pyraclostrobin can be used, depending on the condition. Use alternately every 5 to 7 days. Soft rot: For soft rot, roots can be irrigated with 1,000 times dika pine powder and water, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of insect pests. Pest control: Pests can be trapped and killed by setting up insecticidal lamps using their phototaxis; they can also be controlled by spraying fenvalerate or B.t emulsion solution.
When using pesticides, they must be used in accordance with the requirements of the local agricultural technology department. Do not change the concentration of the pesticide without permission to avoid causing phytotoxicity.
5. Harvesting
Harvest cabbage when the bulbs reach more than 80%. Remove leaves with insect holes and diseased leaves, grade them and put them into baskets.
In the cultivation of spring cabbage, it should be noted that vernal bolting is easy to occur in late spring cold weather. Therefore, choosing early-maturing and bolting-resistant varieties when selecting seeds is the key to high yield, and field management is relatively simple. , focusing on water and fertilizer management in the early and late stages of balling.