In our daily study, work or life, everyone is familiar with ancient poetry. Ancient poetry is concise and meaningful, with the characteristics of condensation and jumping. Are you still looking for excellent classic ancient poems? The following is the original text and appreciation of "The Book of Songs Wei Feng Papaya" that I carefully compiled. I hope it will be helpful to everyone.

Original text

Give me papaya and give me Qiongju in return. It's always good to be rewarded by a bandit!

Give me peaches and give me Qiongyao in return. It's always good to be rewarded by a bandit!

You gave me wood and plums, and you gave me Qiongjiu in return. It's always good to be rewarded by a bandit!

Word annotation

① Papaya: a deciduous shrub with fruit like a small melon. In ancient times, there was a custom of melons and fruits as tokens of love between men and women.

② Give me a papaya and give me a jade in return: If you give me a papaya, I will give you a precious jade in return. Throw, throw, this is a gift, give. Repay, repay. Qiongju, the name of Peiyu, is an ancient ornament. The same goes for "Qiongjiu" and "Qiongyao" in the back.

③Retribution is always considered good: it is not just for repayment, but to express love for each other forever. Bandit: Same as "fei". Well, love.

④Peach: peach.

⑤Wu Li: Plum. [1]

Translation of the work

What you gave me was a papaya, but what I gave you in return was a jade. This is not to thank you, but to seek eternal friendship!

What you gave me was a peach, but what I gave you in return was a beautiful jade. This is not to thank you, but to seek eternal friendship!

What you gave me was a plum, but what I gave you in return was a jade. This is not to thank you, but to seek eternal friendship!

Appreciation:

"The Book of Songs·Daya·Yu" contains the sentence "Throw me a peach and repay you a plum". In later generations, "throw a peach and repay a plum" became an idiom, a metaphor for each other. Give gifts and reciprocate courtesy. In comparison, although the article "Wei Feng·Papaya" also contains the idiom "Throw wood to repay gold" (such as "throw wood to return gold") derived from "Throw in papaya (peach, plum), repay with Qiongju (Yao, Jiu)" There is a record in Song Dynasty You Miao's "The Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" of "throwing wood to repay the beauty, and the righteous general will be safe"), but the frequency of use of "throwing wood to repay the beauty" cannot be compared with "throwing the peach to repay the plum". However, if you think that "Yi" is recited to a higher degree than "Papaya" based on this, it would be a big mistake. After a little research, you will know that "Papaya" is the most widely recited "Book of Songs" today. 》One of the famous articles.

For such a well-known pre-Qin ancient poem with uncomplicated sentences, there are actually as many as seven ways to analyze its gist throughout the ages (according to statistics from Zhang Shubo's "Collection of Guofeng"), which is really a mystery. Very interesting thing. According to the "Preface to Mao's Poems" written in the Han Dynasty, it says: ""Papaya" is also a beautiful poem by Duke Huan of Qi. In the state of Wei, the Di people were defeated in Cao. Duke Huan of Qi rescued and sealed them, leaving behind the chariots and horses. The Wei people were defeated. People think about it and want to repay it generously, so they write poems." This statement was supported by Yan Can ("Shi Ji") and others in the Song Dynasty, and Wei Yuan ("Shi Gu Wei") and others in the Qing Dynasty. According to Chen Qiaochong's "Research on the Remains of Lu Poems", the poems of the Three Families that are roughly at the same time as Mao's theory, the Lu poems "were written as tributes to the ministers", and Wang Xianqian's "Collection of Poems of the Three Families" by Wang Xianqian has the same opinion. Starting from Zhu Xi of the Song Dynasty, the theory of "men and women giving each other gifts" became popular. "Collected Poems" says: "If someone gives me a small thing, I should repay it with a big treasure, but it is not enough to repay it, but I hope it will last long. Thinking it is good and not forgetting it. Questioning is also a poem for men and women to answer each other, such as "Jing Nu". This reflects the innovative spirit of doubting the ancients in the Song Dynasty's "Poetry" school. However, this statement was refuted by Yao Jiheng, one of the important representatives of the independent thinking school of "Poetry" in the Qing Dynasty. "The General Theory of the Book of Songs" said: "It is also ridiculous to treat (it) as a friend to give and answer, why must it be a man and a woman!" Modern scholars generally follow Zhu Xi's theory, and more clearly point out that this poem is a love poem. To be fair, since the semantics of the poem's text are very simple, there is a greater degree of freedom in exploring its theme. Just as the smaller the connotation of a concept, the greater its denotation. Therefore, it is not easy to deny a certain family theory easily. Very desirable. In view of this, the author tends to understand this poem in a broader sense and regard it as a poem that expresses deep affection through giving and answering.

The poem "Papaya" is very distinctive in terms of its chapter and sentence structure. First of all, there is no four-character sentence, the most typical sentence pattern in the Book of Songs. It's not that you can't use a four-character sentence (for example, if you use a four-character sentence, it becomes "throw me a papaya (peach, plum), and repay Qiongju (Yao, Jiu); the bandit will repay you, and you will always think it's good", it's the same), but The author intentionally or unintentionally uses this sentence pattern to create an ups and downs charm, which is easy to achieve the effect of both voice and emotion when singing. Secondly, the sentences have a very high degree of overlapping. Not to mention that the last two sentences of each chapter are exactly the same, even the first two sentences are only one word different, and although the words "Qiongju", "Qiongyao" and "Qiongjiu" have slightly different meanings, they have the same meaning, while "Papaya", "Papaya" and "Qiongjiu" have the same meaning. According to the textual research of Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica", "Prunus wood" and "Wu plum" are also plants of the same genus. The difference between them is roughly like the difference between tangerines, tangerines and oranges.

In this way, the three chapters are basically repeated, and such a high degree of repetition is not very common in the entire "Book of Songs". The format looks like the song "Yangguan Sandie" written in the Tang Dynasty based on Wang Wei's poems - naturally this It is determined by the duality of music and literature in The Book of Songs.

"You give me fruit, and I give you jade in return." This is different from "reciprocating a favor". The value of the things returned is much greater than the things received. This reflects a noble human emotion ( Including love and friendship). This kind of emotion is about heart-to-heart connection and spiritual agreement. Therefore, the things given back and their value actually only have a symbolic meaning here. They express the cherishment of others' affection for oneself, so it is said that " Bandits report." "You gave me papayas (peaches, plums), and in return you gave me Qiongju (Yao, Jiu)", its deep meaning should be: Although the thing you gave me was papaya (peaches, plums), your affection is truly more precious than anything else. Qiongju (Yao, Jiu); I can't repay you with Qiongju (Yao, Jiu), but I can't fully express my gratitude to you. Niu Yunzhen of the Qing Dynasty commented on these words in his "Poetic Records": "For those who benefit more than papaya, using papaya as a metaphor is a way of lowering one frame to set off; Qiong Yao is enough to repay, but saying that bandit retribution is a way of peeling off another level." His words are not unreasonable, but it seems that other interpreters of this poem also suffer from the same problem of taking basically abstract objects such as papaya and Qiong Yao too seriously. In fact, the author is so broad-minded that he no longer has the heart to weigh the thickness and weight. What he wants to express is: cherishing and understanding the affection of others is the noblest affection. From this point of view, later in the Han Dynasty Zhang Heng's "Poetry of Four Sorrows" "A beauty gave me a gold knife, how can I repay Ying Qiong Yao", although it said "gold in return of jade". Its meaning is actually the same as "throwing wood in return for gold".