There are two cultivation methods of Lentinus edodes, namely, cutting wood cultivation and replacing material cultivation. The quality of mushroom products cultivated by Duanmu is high, and the input-output ratio is also high, which can reach 1: 7 ~ 10, but it needs a lot of wood and is only suitable for development in forest areas. The input-output ratio of alternative cultivation is only 1:2, but the production cycle of alternative cultivation is short, the biological efficiency is high, and various crop straws and forest wastes can be utilized, which is beneficial to protecting the ecological environment and can be widely developed in urban and rural areas. The one-time investment of alternative cultivation is large and the cost is high. This chapter focuses on the cultivation techniques of alternative materials.
1, sowing date arrangement and strain selection
Mushroom production mostly uses shade shed or fruit forest as mushroom production place, which is greatly influenced by climatic conditions and has strong seasonality. The sowing date of Lentinus edodes in different places should be determined according to the local climatic conditions and variety characteristics. In our area, it usually arrives at 10 in September (earlier in mountainous areas), 12 to 10. In the early stage of barrel making, high temperature and high humidity susceptible miscellaneous bacteria were encountered, which led to low yield. Too late will affect discoloration and shorten the fruiting period.
2. Preparation of culture materials
Wood chips are the main raw materials for bag cultivation of mushrooms. Except pine, Chinese fir and camphor wood, most hardwoods and branches can be used as raw materials for mushroom production after being crushed.
(1) The composition of several cultivation materials is calculated as 100 kg, depending on the production scale.
① sawdust 78%, bran (fine rice bran) 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1% and urea 0.3%. The water content of the material is 55% ~ 60%.
② sawdust 78%, bran 16%, corn flour 2%, sugar 1.2%, gypsum 2% ~ 2.5%, urea 0.3% and calcium superphosphate 0.5%. The water content of the material is 55% ~ 60%.
③ sawdust 78%, bran 18%, gypsum 2%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.2%, urea 0.3% and brown sugar 1%. The water content of the material is 55% ~ 60%.
Preparation of the above three cultivation materials: firstly, dry mix gypsum and bran evenly, and then dry mix them evenly with sawdust. First, dissolve sugar and urea in water, sprinkle them evenly on the materials, sprinkle them with a shovel blade, and sweep them evenly on the material surface repeatedly with a bamboo broom.
④ cottonseed hull 50%, sawdust 32%, bran 15%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, urea 0.5% and sugar 1%. The water content of the material is about 60%.
⑤ Bean straw 46%, sawdust 32%, bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%. The water content of the material is 60%.
⑥ sawdust 36%, cottonseed hull 26%, corncob 20%, bran 15%, gypsum 1%, calcium superphosphate 0.5%, urea 0.5% and sugar 1%. The water content of the material is 60%.
Preparation of the above three cultivation materials: weighing various ingredients according to the amount, first adding water to the materials with high water absorption, such as cottonseed hulls, bean stalks and corncobs, according to the material-water ratio of 1: 14 ~ 1.5, and stirring evenly to make the materials permeable; Dry mixing gypsum and calcium superphosphate with bran and sawdust, and then mixing with watered cottonseed hull, soybean stalk or corncob; Sugar and urea are dissolved in water and mixed into the material. At the same time, adjust the water content of the material and mix the material evenly with a shovel and a bamboo broom. There can be no dry particles.
(2) Problems that should be paid attention to when batching. Sawdust refers to the sawdust of broadleaf trees, that is, hardwood sawdust. Old sawdust is better than new sawdust. Before batching, sawdust should be sieved and coarse sawdust should be removed to prevent the plastic bag from being punctured. The thickness should be moderate, too fine sawdust will affect the ventilation in the bag. 10% ~ 30% cottonseed hull should be added to the sawdust cultivation material to improve the yield. However, the proportion of cottonseed hull and corncob in the cultivation material is too large, and it is easy to break the fungus column when it comes out of the bag. Too much bran and urea should not be added to the cultivation materials, otherwise it will easily lead to excessive growth of hyphae and difficult discoloration and fruiting. Bran and rice bran should be fresh, free from caking, insects and mildew. The beanstalk should be ground into coarse chaff, and the corncob should be ground into bean size.
The water content of mushroom cultivation material should be slightly lower than that of Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation material, and it is generally controlled at 55% ~ 60% in production. A little lower water content is beneficial to control the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria, but after the first tide of mushrooms, it is necessary to replenish water to the mushroom column in time, otherwise it will affect the fruiting. The ratio of raw materials to water is different because of the different dry and wet degrees of raw materials and the different soft and hard thicknesses. Generally, the ratio of raw materials to water is 1: 0.9 ~ 1.3, which is quite different. Therefore, when each batch of raw materials is used as ingredients for the first time in production, the water content should be measured after mixing to determine the appropriate ratio of raw materials to water.
① Manual measurement method. Grab a handful of mixed cultivation materials and hold them in your hands. If there is no water between your fingers, spread out your palms and form a ball.
② drying method. Accurately weigh 500g of the mixed material, spread it thinly on an enamel tray, and dry it at the temperature of 105 until the weight of the dry material no longer decreases, and then weigh the dry material. Water content (%) = wet material weight-dry material weight × 100. When the ingredients are mixed, 0. 1% carbendazim (referring to effective components) is added with water, which is beneficial to prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria.
3. Bagging and sterilization
Bag cultivation of Lentinus edodes is the most representative cultivation method of Lentinus edodes. Although the specific operation varies from place to place, the reason is the same. (1) Material specifications of plastic pipes In fact, most bagged mushrooms are made of plastic pipes with two openings, including polypropylene plastic pipes with a wall thickness of 0.04-0.05 cm and low-pressure polyethylene plastic pipes with a thickness of 0.05-0.06 cm. Polypropylene pipes can be sterilized by high pressure and normal pressure, but when the temperature is low in winter, polypropylene pipes become brittle and easy to break. Low-pressure polyethylene cylinders are suitable for atmospheric sterilization. The specifications of plastic pipes used in production are also various, with a width of 15 cm and a length of 55 ~ 57 cm.
(2) Bagging and sterilization: firstly, one end of the plastic pipe is tied tightly. There are two ways to tie the mouth: one is to tie one end of the plastic pipe twice with nylon rope, and then fold and tie the nozzle tightly to prevent the nozzle from leaking; Second, some producers use 17 cm× 35 cm short plastic pipe to fill and inoculate with openings at both ends. One end of the plastic pipe should also be tied tightly, but there is no need to fold it over and tie it again. The plastic pipe tied at one end is called a plastic bag. Before bagging, check whether there is air leakage. The inspection method is to blow the plastic bag full of air and put it in water to see if there are any bubbles coming out. Plastic bags with holes shall not be used. It is best to pack bags with a bagging machine in groups of 5 people, 1 person into the hopper; Two people take turns to put the plastic bag on the discharge bucket, one hand gently holds the bag mouth, and the other hand pushes hard.
Live at the bottom of the bag and wrap it as tightly as possible. The other two people will tidy the mouth of the material bag, and the mouth of the bag must be tied tightly in the same way as the other end of the bag. Hand-bagging, while loading, shaking the plastic bag, and compacting the materials with thick wooden sticks. After loading, tie the bag tightly. A bag full of materials is called a material bag. When bagging in hot season, it is necessary to concentrate manpower on fast loading. It is generally required that the time from bagging to pot sterilization should not exceed 6 hours, otherwise the material will turn sour and smelly. There should be a certain gap or "#" shape in the sterilization pot when the materials are loaded into the pot, which is convenient for air circulation and not easy to have dead angles during sterilization. When autoclaving is used, the material bag must be a polypropylene plastic bag. As the temperature rises, all the cold air in the pot should be discharged. When the pressure gauge points to 1.5 kg/cm2, keep the pressure for 2 hours and stop heating. Natural cooling, let the pressure gauge pointer slowly fall back to 0, first open the air valve, and then take it out. When using atmospheric steam sterilizer, the fire should be big and fierce at the initial heating stage, and the time from the fire to the temperature in the pot reaching 100℃ should not exceed 4 hours, otherwise the material will be steamed and sour.
When the temperature reaches 100℃, it should be maintained at medium fire for 8 ~ 10 hours, and the temperature cannot be lowered halfway. Finally, we should attack for a while with fierce fire, and then simmer for a night without fire. Disinfect the cooling room or inoculation room before taking out the pot.
Plastic baskets for cooking should also be disinfected by spraying 2% Lysol or 75% alcohol. Transport the hot bag that has just come out of the pot to the sterilized cooling room or inoculation room for cooling, and inoculation can only be carried out when the bag temperature drops below 30℃.
4. Inoculation and culture management
(1) Mushroom inoculation mostly adopts side construction, which requires several people to do it at the same time, which is convenient for operation in inoculation room and plastic inoculation account. The specific method is to disinfect the space in the inoculation room first, then transport the bag just out of the pot to the inoculation room and arrange it layer by layer, and spray 0.2% carbendazim on the bag once with a hand-held sprayer. After all the material bags are sorted out, inoculation strains, adhesive tapes, conical sticks with a diameter of 1.5 ~ 2 cm, 75% alcohol cotton balls, cotton yarns and inoculation tools are ready. Close the doors and windows, turn on the ozone sterilizer and disinfect for 40 minutes; Turn off the power/kloc-open the door in 0/5 minutes. Inoculators quickly enter the inoculation outdoor room, close the door of the outdoor room, put on clothes, spray 75% alcohol into the space for disinfection before entering the inner room, and inoculate according to aseptic operation (same as the strain part). Generally, a plastic tube with a length of 55 cm is used as the lateral inoculation bag, with 5 holes, 3 holes on one side and 2 holes on the other. A group of three people, the first one is to put the cone-shaped head of the wooden stick under construction into an enamel cup filled with 75% alcohol, and the alcohol should immerse the tip of the wooden stick for 2 cm, then move a bag to be inoculated to the desktop, wipe the upward side of the bag with 75% alcohol cotton yarn in one hand for disinfection, and insert the wooden stick into the side of the disinfection bag, which has three structures. 1 Acupoint is located in the middle of the bag, and the other two acupoints are respectively. The second person opens the bottle cap of the strain, rotates the bottle mouth on the alcohol lamp and burns it once, and the long-handled tweezers are also burned and sterilized on the flame of the alcohol lamp; After cooling, scrape off the surface layer of the strain at the bottle mouth, and then put the strain into a plastic tube sterilized with 75% alcohol or 2% lysol; After hand disinfection with alcohol cotton balls, the strains are directly broken into small strains the size of dates and quickly filled into holes. The strain should fill the inoculation hole and be slightly higher than the hole. Note that the second person's hands should always be disinfected with alcohol, and no one can touch them except bacteria. The third person sealed the inoculation hole with 3.5 cm× 3.5 cm square adhesive tape, turned the bag over 180 degrees, and the inoculated seed side was facing down. The first person wiped the upward side of the material bag with alcohol cotton yarn, punched two holes at equal distance in the material bag, then put the tip of the wooden stick of construction into alcohol for disinfection, and then moved the second material bag. The second person fills the two inoculation holes of the first material bag with strains, the third person seals it with adhesive tape, and then moves the first material bag (called the fungus bag at this time) to the next inoculation hole and discharges it sideways. After inoculation, the fungus bags can be cultured in the culture room. Use a plastic pipe with a length of 35 cm as a material bag, and the side can be inoculated for construction. Generally, three holes are drilled, two on one side, and two openings can also be used for inoculation.
Inoculation with inoculation box is often more successful than inoculation room, because the inoculation box has small space, good sealing and thorough disinfection. However, a single inoculation box can only be operated by one person, and it is only suitable for inoculation at both ends of short bags. If it is side construction inoculation, it is best to use double inoculation boxes, which are operated by two people. During construction, one person is responsible for sealing the hole with adhesive tape, and the other person will transfer the strains into the hole according to aseptic procedures.
(2) Bag culture refers to the management from inoculation to mushroom mycelium filling in the bag and reaching physiological maturity. The culture period of fungus bags is usually called spawning period of fungi, which can spawn indoors (greenhouse) and in a cool shed. The spawning ground of fungi should be clean, free from pollution sources, away from pig farms, chicken farms, garbage dumps and other breeding places of miscellaneous bacteria, dry, ventilated and cool. Disinfect, sterilize and kill insects before entering the bag, and sprinkle lime on the ground. In summer, the spawning period of mushrooms is in the high temperature season, and the temperature is often higher than the suitable temperature for mycelium growth (24 ~ 27℃), so the focus of mushroom spawning period management is to prevent high temperature burns. For the newly planted fungus bags, three bags are arranged in triangular rows on one floor, and the inoculation holes are arranged side by side. The number of fungal layers per row depends on the temperature. If the temperature is high, the number of floors may be less, and walkways should be left between rows to facilitate ventilation and cooling, and to check the growth of fungus bags. The temperature of the spawning ground should be controlled below 28℃. 7 ~ 10 days without turning over the bag, 13 ~ 15 days for the first time. At this time, the mycelium of each inoculation hole grows radially, and the growth and respiratory intensity increase when the diameter is 8 ~ 10 cm. Pay attention to ventilation and cooling. While turning over the bag, use a steel needle with the diameter of 1 mm to pierce 3-4 micropores in the middle of the mycelium growth position at each inoculation point, about 2 cm away from the mycelium growth front; Or uncover half the adhesive tape that seals the inoculation hole, arch a small hole inward to breathe, and pick out the bag contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria at the same time. At this time, due to the heat generated by mycelium growth, in order to strengthen ventilation and cool down, it is best to control the temperature of the spawning ground below 25℃. Above 32℃, the mycelium grew weakly, stopped growing at 35℃ and burned to death at 38℃. There are many ways to cool down, which can be mastered flexibly. For example, reducing the number of bacterial bags and expanding the spacing between bacterial bags are conducive to heat dissipation and cooling; Bacteria grow in greenhouses and shade sheds, thickening the cover during the day and removing it at night; There are many bacteria in indoor and greenhouse, but the outdoor temperature is low at night, so strengthen ventilation and cooling, and install exhaust fans if possible; If the temperature is too high, you can spray cold water to cool down, but after spraying water, you should pay attention to strengthening the energy wind, so as not to cause the environment to be too humid to prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria. Cultivate the bag for about 30 days and turn it over again. While turning over the bag, use a steel wire needle to make a second micropore at a position 2 cm away from the front end of mycelium growth, and make a circle of 4-5 micropores at the mycelium growth position of each inoculation point, with a hole depth of about 2 cm. In order to prevent bacteria bags from polluting miscellaneous bacteria due to punching holes in the bags, the bags must be packed tightly, and the tighter the bags, the lower the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria. Any closed fungus breeding places, such as rooms and greenhouses, should be disinfected before turning over bags and pricking holes, which can effectively reduce the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria. Special attention should be paid to pest control during the growth of fungi.
Because the size of the bag and the number of inoculation points are different, it usually takes 45 ~ 60 hyphae to grow the bag. At this time, we must continue to cultivate. When the hyphae around the inner wall of the mushroom bag expand, there are folds and bulges, which gradually increase, accounting for 2/3 of the whole bag surface. Squeezing the tumor body of the mushroom bag by hand feels elastic and soft, and the periphery of the inoculation hole is slightly brown, which indicates that the mycelium of the mushroom is physiologically mature and can be turned into color in the mushroom farm.
(3) Discoloration management The growth and development of Lentinus edodes mycelium enters physiological maturity. Under certain conditions, the white mycelium on the surface gradually turns into a brown film, which is called mycelium discoloration. The depth of discoloration and the thickness of mushroom film directly affect the occurrence and development of mushroom primordium, which is closely related to the yield and quality of mushrooms, and is the most important link in mushroom production management.
There are many ways to change color, and the bag removal method is often used. It is necessary to accurately grasp the time of bag removal, that is, when the mycelium reaches physiological maturity. Early bagging is not easy to change color, too late bagging is difficult to distinguish mushroom primordium, and yellow water often appears, which is easy to cause mixed bacteria pollution or thickening of bacterial membrane. The climate when unpacking should be 15 ~ 25℃, preferably 20℃. Before taking off the bags, make the floor of the mushroom greenhouse into a bed with a depth of 30-40cm and a width of 100cm, lay a layer of furnace dust or sand on the bottom of the bed, transport the bags to be discolored into the greenhouse, cut the bags with a blade, take off the plastic bags, and vertically arrange the columnar blocks in the bed with a distance of 5-8cm. If the vertical arrangement of long bacteria columns is unstable, a cross frame can be built on the frame with bamboo poles, and the bacteria columns lean against the bamboo poles at an angle of 70 ~ 80 degrees. The bacteria column after unpacking should be protected from the sun and wind. At this time, the relative humidity of the air in the greenhouse should be controlled at 75% ~ 80%, and the yellow water bacteria column can be washed with clear water. Take off the bag and quickly erect a column of bacteria, filling a bed. Immediately arch the top of the bed with bamboo pieces, cover it with plastic film, and keep it moist and warm around. After all the bacteria are discharged, the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 17 ~ 20℃, and should not exceed 25℃. If the temperature is high, cold water can be sprayed into the space of the greenhouse to cool down. When the temperature is high during the day, add more shading, remove shading at night, and strengthen ventilation and cooling. The light should be dim. Try not to uncover the cover film of the frame for the first 3 ~ 5 days. At this time, the relative humidity in the border should be 85% ~ 90%, and the mycelium can continue to grow in a warm, humid and stable environment with condensed water droplets on the plastic film. It should be noted that during this period, if the temperature is high and the humidity is too high, it is still necessary to open the cover film of the frame for ventilation for 20 minutes every morning and evening when the temperature is low. When the covering film of the bed is uncovered, the greenhouse cannot be ventilated at the same time, and the ventilation time of the two should be staggered. When the columns are vertically arranged for 5-7 days, and when the surface of the columns is covered with thick white fluffy aerial hyphae, it is necessary to strengthen the uncovering and ventilation times, 2-3 times a day, 20-30 minutes each time, increase oxygen and light (scattered light), widen the dry-wet difference of the column surface, limit the growth of hyphae and promote its discoloration. When the color changes in 7 ~ 8 days, the ventilation rate can be increased, and each ventilation is 1 hour. Combined with ventilation, spray water lightly 1 ~ 2 times a day on the surface of the bacteria column, air it after spraying water 1 hour, and then cover the film. Spray water continuously for 2 days until the color change is completed in 10 ~ 12 days. In the growth practice, due to different sowing seasons, different climatic conditions, especially temperature conditions, the speed of color change is not the same, and the specific operation should be flexibly mastered according to the mycelium growth on the surface of the fungus column.
Common abnormal phenomena in the process of color change and their treatment methods.
A. The color change is too shallow or never changes: If the surface of the bacteria column is dry due to the invasion of light or dry wind during bag removal, water can be sprayed on the bacteria column to restore the surface humidity of the bacteria column, and the film can be covered to reduce the ventilation times and shorten the ventilation time, and the bacteria can be ventilated 1 ~ 2 times a day for 10 ~ 20 minutes each time. If the relative humidity of the air in the space is too low or the temperature is lower than 12℃ or higher than 28℃, measures of humidification and temperature control should be taken in time to keep the humidity in the boundary at 85% ~ 90% and the temperature at 15 ~ 25℃.
B. The hyphae on the surface of the bacteria column have been growing vigorously, and they don't lodging or change color when they grow to 2 mm The reason for this phenomenon is lack of oxygen, although the temperature is suitable, the humidity is too high, or the nitrogen content of the culture material is too high. Therefore, it is necessary to extend the ventilation time, let the light shine on the bacterial column, increase the difference between dry and wet on the surface of the bacterial column, and force the mycelium to lodging. If it still doesn't work, you can spray the bacteria column with 3% lime water, air it until the surface of the bacteria column is not sticky or slippery, and then cover it with a film to restore normal management.
C. The mycelium is dehydrated, and the surface of the bacterial column feels tingly when touched by hand: the relative humidity of the air and the surface of the bacterial column can be improved by spraying water, so that the relative humidity of the air in the cover film can be maintained at 85% ~ 90%.
D. About two days after bagging, the tumor-like hyphae on the surface of the fungus column swelled with bubbles, and some of them fell off or separated from the fungus column to form a hanging shape. The main reason for this phenomenon is that it was damaged by external force or affected by high temperature (28℃) when bagging, or it may be due to early bagging, insufficient fungus age, immature hyphae and inability to adapt to the changing environment. The solution is to strictly control the temperature at 15 ~ 25℃ and the air relative humidity at 85% ~ 90%, so as to promote the growth of new hyphae on the surface of the bacterial column and further promote its discoloration.
E. When the bacterial column is found to be contaminated by miscellaneous bacteria, the bacterial column can be sprayed with 1:500 times of Kemeiling II solution once a day for 3 days. After each spray, let it dry for a while before covering the film.
In addition to changing the color in bags, some people use acupuncture micropore ventilation to change the color, and then go to bags to produce mushrooms after changing the color. Others don't take off their bags. When the primordium of mushroom fruiting body appears around the inoculation hole of mushroom bag, the plastic bag around the primordium is cut with a knife to expose the primordium and carry out mushroom production management. After the first tidal mushroom was produced, the whole mushroom bag changed color, and then the bag was taken off and soaked in water, and the second tidal mushroom was produced. These discoloration methods are simple and have good moisture retention, which can reduce the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria in high temperature season.
(4) After the fruiting management mushroom column is discolored, the mycelium is completely mature and rich nutrition is accumulated. Under certain conditions, from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, the fruiting body primordium differentiates and grows, that is, it enters the fruiting stage.
A. accelerating germination: Lentinus edodes belongs to temperature-changing mushroom. A certain temperature difference, scattered light and fresh air are beneficial to the differentiation of fruiting body primordium. During this period, the covering film at the boundary is usually removed, and the temperature of the mushroom greenhouse should be controlled at 10 ~ 22℃, and the temperature difference between day and night should be 5 ~ 10℃. If the natural temperature difference is small, the temperature difference can be artificially increased by ventilation during the day and at night. The relative humidity of the air is kept at about 90%. When the conditions are suitable, white cracks will appear on the brown bacterial membrane on the surface of the bacterial column in 3 ~ 4 days, and mushroom buds will soon grow. During this period, it is necessary to prevent the space humidity from being too low or the bacteria column from being short of water, so as not to affect the formation of fruiting body primordium. In this case, it is necessary to increase the intensity of water spraying. After each water spray, dry it until the surface of the bacteria column is not sticky or slippery, just wet, and cover it with plastic film to keep it moist. It is also necessary to prevent high temperature and high humidity, and prevent contamination by miscellaneous bacteria and rot fungi. In the case of high temperature and high humidity, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation and reduce temperature and humidity.
B. management of fruiting body growth and development period: after mushroom bud differentiation, it enters the growth and development period. The temperature of fruiting body growth and development of Lentinus edodes strains with different temperature types is different. Most strains can grow and develop in the temperature range of 8 ~ 25℃, the optimum temperature is 15 ~ 20℃, and the fruiting body grows and develops well at constant temperature. The relative humidity of air should be 85% ~ 90%. With the continuous growth of fruiting bodies, the respiration is enhanced and the accumulation of carbon dioxide is accelerated. It is necessary to strengthen ventilation to keep the air fresh and have some scattered light. The fruiting period begins in autumn. Due to the crisp autumn, dry climate and great temperature change, the bacteria column has just begun to grow, with sufficient water, rich nutrition and vigorous hyphae. The key point of management is temperature control and moisturizing. The temperature is high in early autumn, so the mushroom greenhouse should be shaded, ventilated and sprayed with water to cool down; When the temperature is low in late autumn, it is necessary to increase the light to keep warm during the day. If strong light affects the fruiting, you can hang a sunshade net in the air in the greenhouse and add a thermal curtain at night. When the relative humidity of the space is low, spraying water is mainly to spray water on the wall and space to increase the relative humidity of the air. When the fruiting body grows until the bacterial membrane is broken, the bacterial lid is not fully extended, the edge is rolled in, the bacterial folds are all elongated, and the fruiting body is eight-mature, so it can be harvested. When harvesting, hold the fungus column with one hand and pull it down with the other hand. After all mushrooms are harvested, they should be ventilated once, and ventilated for 2 hours in sunny days and dry climates. When it is cloudy or wet, it can be ventilated for 4 hours to dry the surface of the bacteria column, and then stop spraying water for 5 ~ 7 days. Let the hyphae fully rejuvenate and grow, and replenish water to the fungus column when the concave hyphae left by picking mushrooms turn white. The method of supplementing water is as follows: firstly, make a hole in the center of both ends of the bacteria column with 10 iron wire, which is as deep as12 of the length of the bacteria column, then make three holes on the side of the bacteria column at equal distance, then put the bacteria column into the soaking pool, press the wooden board on the bacteria column with stones, and soak it in clear water for about 2 hours. It is advisable to soak the column with water (the weight of the column is slightly lower than that before and after fruiting). The airtight column has insufficient water content, and too much water immersion can easily lead to the rot of the column and affect the going out. After adding water, the fungus column is discharged into the bed again, and the previous management method of accelerating germination is repeated to prepare for the second tide mushroom. After the second harvest, stop water and replenish water, repeat the previous management, and generally produce 4 tidal mushrooms. Sometimes, the water content of the mixture is too high, and the temperature and humidity of the mushroom are suitable. When the first tidal mushroom is harvested by the fungus column, the water loss is not great, so the water supply can be stopped for 5-7 days after the first tidal mushroom is harvested, until the hyphae restore the previous management of promoting germination and fruiting, and then the fungus column is soaked to replenish water when the second tidal mushroom is harvested. The soaking time can be longer. In the future, every time you harvest mushrooms, you will replenish water.
It is rainy and humid in winter. At this time, when the fungus column grows in autumn and winter, the mycelium growth is not as strong as that in autumn because of too much water loss and insufficient water. The key point of management is to replenish water to the bacteria column, soak for 2-4 hours, and supplement some nutrients such as sugar and trace elements. Pay attention to heat preservation and moisture retention, and keep the relative humidity of air at 85%-90%. And well ventilated.
Related technologies can be learned from China Organic Agriculture Network, and related books can also be purchased.