Guangdong, Jiangxi and other provinces have successfully promoted aquaculture, and the market price is high. In recent years, cichlasoma managuense's aquaculture is characterized by its high economy.
Value has aroused widespread concern of farmers in central and northern China. Most of the seedlings in these areas are purchased from the wintering seedlings in the south.
Adult fish should be mixed, and the scale of aquaculture is getting bigger and bigger, making it an ideal new variety of freshwater aquaculture. Now combined with the author's introduction
Breeding experience, the breeding technology in cichlasoma managuense is introduced as follows:
1, biological characteristics
① Body characteristics
Cichlasoma managuense's body shape is spindle-shaped, with an upper mouth, and its body shape is similar to that of Siniperca chuatsi. There are stripes on both sides of the trunk, and there are dark pigments in the stripes.
Block. The pectoral fin is light yellow, the ventral fin, dorsal fin and gluteal fin all have black stripes, and the black stripes of the caudal fin are perpendicular to the body. In addition to black and white stripes,
The body surface of adult fish is light yellow, and the body color changes with the external water environment. During the breeding period, the male fish is darker and the female fish is lighter, with
Yellowish, ventral fin chest position, caudal fin round tail type, reproductive process. The eye socket of young fish is red, the eye socket of adult fish is silvery yellow, and the scales are round scales.
Larger, lateral line scales intermittent.
② Living habits
Cichlasoma managuense is a tropical fish, which grows in fresh water and can normally grow in micro-salinity water. Its suitable temperature range is 20 ~ 30℃
Suddenly, when the water temperature drops below 20℃, the food intake is obviously reduced, and when the water temperature drops to 15℃, the body loses its balance and begins to appear.
Death phenomenon. In winter, it is necessary to carry out greenhouse warm cultivation management, and the water temperature should be kept above 19℃ during wintering to ensure the grouper.
Normal metabolism. Cichlasoma managuense is a bottom fish, which is resistant to hypoxia and strong in disease resistance, and fish diseases rarely occur in the process of culture.
Can be mixed with tilapia, crucian carp, etc. to remove small fry in tilapia and crucian carp ponds, and play a role in high quality, high yield and high efficiency.
③ feeding habits
Cichlasoma managuense is a carnivorous fish, and its carnivorous characteristics are quite strong. In the fry stage, zooplankton is the main species, and individuals.
Distinctive fry will kill each other, so we should pay attention to individual differences and manage them in different ponds. Fish fry after reproduction should be fished in time.
Out, so as not to be swallowed by the parent fish. Since the fry are domesticated, they can eat artificial compound bait. Generally, floating high-protein high-quality fish can be used.
Feed the bait.
2. Feeding management
① bait management
The newly hatched larvae in cichlasoma managuense are 0.58 ~ 0.6 cm in length, and keep moving in groups at the bottom of the pond at the water temperature of 26 ~ 28℃.
Suddenly, the yolk sac disappeared completely on the sixth day after hatching, and the larvae swam to the upper middle water layer, no longer clustered at the bottom of the pool, and the small fish after the yolk disappeared
The seedlings can be fed to small zooplankton such as rotifers and cladocera, and when they are a little older, they can be domesticated and fed with high-protein artificial bait.
After about 1 month of cultivation, the adult fish can be cultured in the pond when the body length is about 10cm. In the south, the summer time is relative.
Long fry with a body length of about 10cm can reach more than 500g after 100 days of culture. Cichlasoma managuense's most
Large weight can reach 1200g or more.
② Reproductive reproduction
Cichlasoma managuense can lay eggs at the age of one winter. The spawning habit is basically the same as that of tilapia, and it also digs many ovaries at the bottom of the pond.
Cave, spawning usually in the afternoon, after spawning, the fertilized egg is mainly guarded by the female fish. Male fish also cooperate to defend, but with the delay of embryonic development
Finally, the guard behavior became weaker and weaker until he left. The fertilized egg is oval, dark yellow in color, opaque, sticky and scattered.
On the bottom of the pool, there is little overlap. Each female fish can lay more than 3000 eggs at a time, and the fertilized eggs will pass through when the water temperature is 26 ~ 29℃
Larvae can hatch in 48 hours.
③ Seedling cultivation
In cichlasoma managuense, the soil pond is the best, generally, the area of a single pond is 50 ~1100m2, and the water depth is1~1.5m.. Fish fry stocking
Before, drain the pond water, thoroughly clean the pond with quicklime for disinfection, and apply sufficient base fertilizer to improve the water quality, breed a large number of zooplankton, and let the fry
After entering the pond, there are a lot of natural bait to eat. With the growth of fry and the increase of food intake, the number of zooplankton in the pond gradually decreases.
Less, you can artificially add soy milk. When the fry reaches more than 3cm, its feeding habits begin to change. At this time, you can start feeding minced fish on the dining table
Taming food, adding a small amount of artificial compound bait for feeding after 2-3 days, and then gradually increasing the amount of artificial compound bait until all people are trained.
Domestication and feeding of industrial bait. Generally, the daily feeding amount is about 20% of the fish's weight, and the daily feeding is 3 times.
3. Adult fish culture
In the central and northern regions of China, the adult fish in cichlasoma managuense mostly adopt the mode of polyculture, mainly raising cichlasoma managuense, and the fry are purchased.
Buy overwintering fry in the south, specifications 10cm, mixed fish species are tilapia, crucian carp, etc., and stock cichlasoma managuense 300 per mu of water surface.
Tail, polyculture tilapia 150, crucian carp 100, silver carp 100. Feeding artificial compound bait during the feeding period, after half a year
The average weight of cichlasoma managuense can reach more than 350g.
Ordinary fish feed will do. If it's a small fish, crush it and sprinkle it in, and the big fish will be thrown directly in. If it doesn't eat, it can be starved for a few days before feeding.