Definition of words
Word: Spring Festival
Pinyin: CHN Jie
English:
1. Spring Festival;
2. Spring Festival;
3. Lunar New Year;
4. China New Year
Explanation:
1. [Spring] refers to spring. Yang Zhenchuan: "There is no snow in winter and no rain in spring." The poem "Spring Day" by Emperor Liang Yuan of the Southern Dynasties: "Spring is still beautiful in spring, and the spring breeze has passed." Liang Jiangyan in the Southern Dynasties wrote "Miscellaneous Poems Xiao Zhang Jie": "Spring is in a hurry, and sorrow is in the autumn sequence." Wang Anshi's poem "January Day" in the Song Dynasty said: "In the sound of firecrackers, the spring breeze sends warmth into Tu Su. Thousands of families always change new peaches for old ones every day. "
2. [Spring Festival travel rush] column name. The beginning of ancient spring. Today refers to the first day of the first lunar month, that is, the year of China, which is the beginning of the lunar year and a traditional grand festival in China (including New Year's Eve and the second and third days of the second lunar month). The old title Song Youmao's "All Tang Poems and Wang Qi": "In the Spring Festival, it's hard to stop doing good things, and three or five people can't help themselves." Wen Song's tianxiang poem "Prison": "Three days before the Spring Festival, the early years of Jiangxiang." Wei Wei's Who is the cutest person? Firewire Spring Festival Night: "Day and night on the south bank of the Han River, who would have thought that this day was the Spring Festival?"
3. [Lunar New Year's Day] The first day of the first lunar month. Gregorian calendar date is not fixed, generally between 1, 2 1 and February 20th. For more than 2,000 years before the Qing Dynasty, beginning of spring among the 24 solar terms was designated as the beginning of a year (equivalent to the current Spring Festival), which means that spring begins on this day.
Festival introduction
The Spring Festival is coming, which means that spring is coming, everything is renewed, vegetation is renewed, and a new round of sowing and harvesting season is about to begin. People have just spent the long winter in the world of ice and snow, and have long been looking forward to the day when spring flowers are full of vitality. When the new year comes, it is natural to greet this festival with joy and singing.
Spring Festival is also called Lunar New Year, Lunar New Year, Lunar New Year and Lunar New Year, commonly known as "Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year, Chinese New Year". The lunar calendar is based on the law of the moon's profit and loss; The solar calendar is specified according to the period of the earth around the sun. The Spring Festival has a long history, which originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the beginning and end of the Shang Dynasty. In ancient times, the Spring Festival once referred to beginning of spring in the 24 solar terms, and later it was changed to the first day of the first lunar month (that is, the first day of the first lunar month), which was regarded as the beginning of the lunar year, that is, the beginning of a year. According to the China lunar calendar, the first day of the first month is called Yuanri, Chen Yuan, Jacky, Yuanshuo and New Year's Day, commonly known as the first day of the first month. This is the biggest and most lively traditional festival in China. In the traditional sense, the Spring Festival, from the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month in La Worship, or the 23rd and 24th of the twelfth lunar month, to the end of the Lantern Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month, and even in some places, the whole first lunar month reaches its climax on New Year's Eve and the first day of the first lunar month.
The Spring Festival is the most important festival of the Han nationality. More than a dozen ethnic minorities, such as Manchu, Mongolian, Yao, Zhuang, Bai, Gaoshan, Hezhe, Hani, Daur, Dong and Li, have also had the custom of Spring Festival, but the festival forms have their own national characteristics. The Spring Festival is a traditional festival, and the Han nationality and most ethnic minorities in our country will hold various celebrations, most of which are mainly to offer sacrifices to gods and buddhas, ancestors, bid farewell to the old year and welcome the new year, and pray for a bumper harvest.
The Spring Festival is the main festival to celebrate the New Year in many countries and regions in East Asia. Vietnamese is called "t? t Nguyên？ N "(New Year's Day) is called" the first month "in Japanese (renamed the old first month after the Meiji Restoration) and" "in Korean (this is an inherent word, meaning New Year). Now, besides China, Korean Peninsula, Viet Nam and Japan, Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in Mongolia, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other places.
Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival are also called the four traditional festivals of the Han nationality in China. The word "Spring Festival" has been selected as the largest festival in China, and world record association and China rank first among the four traditional festivals in China. On May 20th, 2006, the folk custom of "Spring Festival" was approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
The origin of festivals
One legend is that ...
The Spring Festival has a long history. It is said that there was a custom of "Spring Festival" as early as the Neolithic Yao and Shun Dynasties.
There is a legend about the origin of the Spring Festival: In ancient China, there was a beast named Xi, which had long tentacles on its head and was very fierce. "Xi" lived on the seabed for many years, and only climbed ashore on certain days (now called New Year's Eve), devouring livestock and hurting people's lives. So every New Year's Eve, people in the village fled to the deep mountains to avoid the harm of the "evening" beast. One year on New Year's Eve, an old beggar came from outside the village. The villagers were in a hurry and panic. Only an old woman in the village east gave the old man some food and suggested that he go up the mountain quickly to avoid wild animals at night. The old man lifted his beard and smiled: "If my mother-in-law lets me stay at home for one night, I will definitely drive away the nocturnal animals." The old woman continued to persuade and begged the old man to laugh without saying a word.
At midnight, the "Twilight" beast broke into the village. It found that the atmosphere in the village was different from previous years: the old woman's house at the east end of the village had red paper on the door and bright candles in the room. At dusk, the beast trembled and let out a long whistle. Near the door, there was a sudden sound of "bang, bang, bang" in the hospital, and "Xi" trembled and dared not go any further. It turns out that "Xi" is most afraid of red, fire and explosion. At this time, my mother-in-law's door was wide open, and I saw an old man in a red robe laughing in the hospital. "Evening" was frightened to disgrace and fled in confusion. The next day was the first day of the first month, and the people who came back from refuge were very surprised to see that the village was safe and sound. At this time, the old woman suddenly realized and quickly told the villagers the promise of begging for the elderly. The story soon spread in the surrounding villages, and people knew the way to drive away the "night" beasts. Since then, every year on New Year's Eve, every family has posted red couplets and set off firecrackers. Every household has a bright candlelight, so it is better to wait for the New Year. In the early morning of the first day, I want to say hello to my relatives and friends. This custom is widely circulated and has become the most solemn traditional festival among the people in China.
It is said that "Spring Festival" originated from the activities of offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors in the early and late Shang Dynasty in China (La Worship). In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was an annual custom of celebrating harvest and offering sacrifices to ancestors at the turn of the new year, which can be regarded as the embryonic form of the year. However, the name of "Nian" appeared late, and the name of Nian began in the Zhou Dynasty. When the ancient emperors inherited the throne, they often stood on their own calendars in order to show the authority of the "son of heaven". It was not until the Western Han Dynasty that the year 2000 was officially set, and it has continued to this day. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (140 ~ 87 BC) succeeded to the throne and decided to rebuild the calendar unification. Sima Qian suggested the establishment of taichu calendar, and the Spring Festival was held in the first month of Meng Chun. The calendar we adopt today has been revised by many dynasties since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, but the first day of the first lunar month, as the most solemn festival of the Chinese nation, has been inherited as a fixed day.
concept
The original intention of the concepts of Spring Festival and New Year comes from agriculture. The Spring Festival has a long history for the Chinese nation, with a history of thousands of years. The origin of "Spring Festival" is closely related to agricultural production. In the Neolithic Age, our ancestors discovered the law of alternating seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter according to the growth cycle of crops, which resulted in the concept of "year". The Xia calendar came into being in Xia and Shang Dynasties. The moon's profit and loss cycle is one month, and a year is divided into twelve months. Every month, the day when the moon can't be seen is the new moon, and the first day of the first month is called the beginning of the year.
The spelling of "Nian" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions is "He" at the top and "Ren" at the bottom. The word "year" in the bronze inscription is the same as the word "year" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and it is also related to food and people. Xiao Zhuan's Chronicle writes "bang", and Shuo Wen Jie He Zi Bu: "bang is also a solid book. From the grain, from the thousand sounds. " Xiao Zhuan changed the word "person" to "thousand", so Xu Shen used this expression. The word "thousand" is originally decorative, and this solution is not contradictory. "Grain" is a general term for grain and cannot be misinterpreted as "wheat". The quality of a year is mainly determined by the growth and harvest of "Wo", but now the word "Wo" in Oracle Bone Inscriptions has been excavated, almost all of which are heavy and curved, which shows that it symbolizes the bumper harvest of grain production. What about the word "people" under the word "year"? From the perspective of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, the word "Nian" seems to be a heavy millet on the head.
origin
In ancient times, the Spring Festival was called Zheng Dan, Shousui, Sanyuan and Sanshuo. Until the victory of the Revolution of 1911 in modern China, in order to adapt to the farming season and facilitate statistics, the Nanjing Provisional Government stipulated that the summer calendar should be used among the people, and the Gregorian calendar should be implemented in institutions, factories, mines, schools and organizations, with Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day as New Year's Day and the first month of the lunar calendar 1 day as Spring Festival. According to textual research, the formal title of the Spring Festival title was after the Revolution of 1911. Wuchang Uprising 19 1 10 In June, the Hubei Military Government of the Revolutionary Party 13 10 in February, in the notice of the Ministry of the Interior on the conversion of the Republic of China to the Gregorian calendar, it was clearly called "Spring Festival".
1September 27th, 949, the new China needs to be established urgently. At the first plenary session of the China People's Political Consultative Conference, the international use of the Gregorian calendar era was adopted, and the Gregorian calendar 1 month 1 day was designated as New Year's Day, commonly known as the Gregorian calendar year. The first day of the first lunar month is usually around beginning of spring, so the first day of the first lunar month is designated as the "Spring Festival", commonly known as the Lunar New Year, which further clarifies that the first day of the first lunar month is called the "Spring Festival", and the name of the "Spring Festival" has been officially included in the festival code of China, which is really popular so far.
Customs of Spring Festival —— Legend of "Year"
The Spring Festival, as its name implies, is the Spring Festival. Spring has come, Vientiane is renewed, and a new round of sowing and harvesting season is about to begin again. People have enough reasons to welcome this festival by singing and dancing. So, before the festival, a New Year message with red paper and yellow characters was posted on the frontispiece. When Miss Chun comes to the door, she will read a sentence to express her best wishes for the New Year. With this idea, good luck really came. The same moral things are hanging red lanterns, sticking the word "Fu" and sticking the statue of the God of Wealth. The word "Fu" must be posted backwards, and passers-by will say "Fu has fallen", which means "Fu has arrived".
Another name for the Spring Festival is China New Year. What is "year"? It is a fictional animal, which will bring bad luck to people. "Year" came, the trees withered and the grass stopped growing; A year has passed, everything grows and flowers are everywhere. How to spend the year? Firecrackers are needed, so there is a custom of setting off firecrackers. 1993, the Beijing Municipal People's Government promulgated a law prohibiting the setting off of fireworks and firecrackers, making this centuries-old custom a thing of the past.
The Spring Festival is a family reunion festival, which is very similar to Christmas in the West. Children who leave home will have to travel thousands of miles back to their parents' home at this time. The night before the real Chinese New Year is called Reunion Night, and the whole family will sit around and wrap up jiaozi. Jiaozi's practice is to mix dough first, and the word "harmony" means "combination"; Jiaozi in jiaozi is homophonic with "dumpling", and "harmony" and "dumpling" have the meaning of reunion, so jiaozi is used to symbolize reunion.
The festive atmosphere will last for a month. There are ceremonies such as offering sacrifices to stoves and ancestors before the first day of the first month; In festivals, there are ceremonies to give lucky money to children and to pay New Year greetings to relatives and friends. Half a month after the festival is the Lantern Festival. At that time, lanterns were all over the city and tourists were all over the streets. After the Lantern Festival, the Spring Festival is over.
Why is the Spring Festival also called Chinese New Year?
Spring Festival: Modern folk custom calls Spring Festival China New Year. In fact, the origin of Chinese New Year and Spring Festival is very different.
So how did the year come from? Why is the Spring Festival called "Year"? There are two main folk sayings:
One way of saying this is:
According to legend, there was a monster named Nian in ancient China, with long tentacles and a ferocious face. Nian lived on the seabed for many years, and climbed ashore every New Year's Eve, devouring livestock and killing people.
Therefore, every New Year's Eve, people in the village fled to the deep mountains to avoid the harm of the "Nian" beast.
On New Year's Eve this year, people in Taohua Village were taking refuge in the mountains when an old beggar came from outside the village. He was leaning on crutches, carrying a bag on his arm, with elegant silver whiskers and staring at Matthew.
Some villagers sealed windows and locked doors, some packed their bags, some herded cattle and drove sheep, and people shouted boo everywhere, which was a scene of panic. At this time, who still has the mind to take care of this begging old man?
Only an old woman in the east of the village gave the old man some food and suggested that he go up the mountain quickly to avoid Nian beast. The old man smiled and said, "If my mother-in-law lets me stay at home for one night, I will definitely drive Nian beast away.
The old woman looked at him carefully in surprise and found that he was handsome, energetic and different. But she continued to persuade and begged the old man to laugh without saying a word. My mother-in-law had no choice but to leave home and take refuge in the mountains.
At midnight, Nian beast broke into the village. It found that the atmosphere in the village was different from previous years: the old woman's house at the east end of the village had red paper on the door and a fire lit in the house. The beast Nian trembled and let out a long whistle.
Nian stared at her mother-in-law's house for a while, then screamed and rushed over. When we were near the door, there was a sudden explosion in the yard, and Nian trembled and dared not go any further. It turns out that Nian was most afraid of red, fire and explosion. At this time, my mother-in-law's door was wide open, and I saw an old man in a red robe laughing in the hospital. "Nian" was frightened to disgrace and fled in confusion.
The next day was the first day of the first month, and the people who came back from refuge were very surprised to see that the village was safe and sound. At this time, the old woman suddenly realized and quickly told the villagers the promise of begging for the elderly.
The villagers flocked to the old woman's house together, only to find red paper on her mother-in-law's door, a pile of unburned bamboo still exploding in the yard, and several red candles still glowing in the house. ...
In order to celebrate the arrival of Youxiang, ecstatic villagers put on new clothes and hats one after another and went to their relatives and friends' homes to congratulate and say hello. The story soon spread in the surrounding villages, and people all knew the way to drive away the "Nian" beast.
Since then, every year on New Year's Eve, every family has posted red couplets and set off firecrackers. Every household has a bright candlelight, so it is better to wait for the New Year. In the early morning of the first day, I want to say hello to my relatives and friends.
This custom has spread more and more widely, and has become the most solemn traditional festival among the people in China.
Another way of saying it is:
In ancient China calligraphy, the word "Nian" was placed in the Grain Department, indicating that the weather was favorable and the crops were plentiful. Because cereal crops are usually harvested once a year. "Year" is extended to the name of the year.
Although there was a custom of Spring Festival in ancient China, it was not called Spring Festival at that time. Because the Spring Festival referred to at that time refers to the "beginning of spring" among the 24 solar terms.
The Northern and Southern Dynasties generally referred to the Spring Festival as the whole spring. It is said that the Lunar New Year was officially named Spring Festival after the Revolution of 1911. Because the solar calendar was used at that time, the first day of the first lunar month had to be renamed as "Spring Festival" in order to distinguish between farmers and farmers.
Lantern Festival: It is a big festival among the traditional festivals in China, which is quite prominent. Lantern Festival is named because its festival activities are held on the fifteenth night of the first month of each year.
Lantern Festival is also called "Lantern Festival" and "Lantern Festival", because the main activity of this festival is to light lights at night, hence the name. In addition, the Lantern Festival is also called "Shangyuan" and "Shangyuan Festival", which is borrowed from Taoism.
There are different opinions about the formation of the Lantern Festival custom, but it was roughly formed in the Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Han Dynasty offered sacrifices to a god named Taiyi. It is said that Taiyi was a very prominent god at that time, ranking above the five emperors and owing to the Han emperor, so he was greatly worshipped. According to legend, another Emperor Wendi of the Han Dynasty was also related to the Lantern Festival.
Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty was a general, Zhou Bo. He succeeded to the throne and quelled the "Zhu Lu rebellion". The day when the rebellion was quelled was the fifteenth day of the first month. Therefore, every night on the fifteenth day of the first month, Emperor Wen of Han would go out to play in the palace and have fun with the people. This day was designated as the Lantern Festival. But there is no record of lighting or setting fire on the fifteenth night of the first month, which is related to these two Han emperors. Another Han Emperor, Emperor Hanming, ordered the Lantern Festival to be lit, thus forming the custom of lighting and watching lanterns in later generations.