Smoking is an unhealthy lifestyle habit.

Chinese people became aware of smoking probably during the Jiajing period of Emperor Shizong of the Ming Dynasty. The Portuguese settled in Macau, and they have been smoking for a long time. As mentioned before, it is a fact that their habits have not changed since they came to live in Macau. The second volume of "A Brief Introduction to Macao" written by Yin Guangren and Zhang Rulin, "Ao Fan Chapter" says: "Those who live in Xiangshan Macao... take snuff and eat tobacco. Paper rolls are like pen tubes. They light fire and inhale and eat them." China Although people know that tobacco exists, no one has directly imported it, and no one smokes it. When the smoking trend started during the Ming Dynasty, Chapter 6 of Ball's "History of Tobacco" says: "In the early seventeenth century, in Guangdong and the Philippines under the Spanish occupation, trade was prevalent, so the smoking trend invaded with lightning speed. In China, during the reign of Emperor Shenzong, this new custom was far worse than the old custom of drinking tea." The same is recorded in the annotation of Qi Jiwen's "Yonglu Xianjie". "Tobacco comes from overseas, and the Chinese people grow it and control it according to the law. Then they are good at national industry. Tamba came out of Luzon. At the end of Wanli of Ming Dynasty (the reign of Emperor Shenzong), Ma family in Zhangquan started to make tobacco. "It was passed down from Jiubian." Yao Lu's "Lu Shu" of the Ming Dynasty also said: "The state-owned grass of Lu Song is called Jinsi Xun. The smoke enters the throat from the tube, which can make people drunk and ward off miasma... People from Zhangzhou brought it from abroad and planted it in Putian, but there were more of it than in Luzon." Chinese people translated it as Tobauo. It is Tamba wild rice (see the article on "Food and Clothing" in "Aofan Chapter" in the second volume of "Macau Chronicles"). And it is called tobacco, which means the grass that produces smoke. It seems that the time when this tobacco was imported was around Ming Shenzong, and there is no doubt that the first place of import was in Fujian. Only the so-called "Zhangquan Ma family" is unknown and remains to be verified. After the import of tobacco, the spread of tobacco was not known, and it is a pity that there are few books. He Qiaoyuan read more than a hundred volumes of books, and it is unclear whether they contain tobacco. The second volume of Zhou Lianggong's "Min Xiao Ji" records that only sweet potatoes and tobacco are missing in the foreign items. I don't know why. Volume 59 "Products" of "Fujian General Chronicles" compiled during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, although tobacco is listed, there is only "Tobacco leaves are as big as taro leaves, and they are grown in the Xichan Temple in Minzhong County." It is said that the seed of "Ba Ji" was first discovered during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty. It is extremely difficult to figure out how to import it and how to spread it. (Excerpted from "An Examination of the Spread of Smoking Customs (IV)" written by Huang Xianfan, published in the 48th issue of "Sweeping Daily" (a weekly of literature, history and geography), December 24, 1941; also published in "A Preliminary Study on the Interpretation of Ancient Books - Huang Xianfan's Scholarship" written by Huang Xianfan Selected Papers" page 195, Guangxi Normal University Press, July 2004 first edition)

Hazards

Brain

Smoking can cause a variety of Brain diseases can reduce the oxygen and blood circulating in the brain, causing bleeding and occlusion of blood vessels in the brain, leading to paralysis, mental decline and stroke. The cause of stroke is that smoking causes blood vessels in the brain to spasm, making blood more likely to clot. Smokers are twice as likely to suffer a stroke than non-smokers.

Larynx

Smoking can cause throat cancer. Most laryngeal cancer patients are men.

Heart and Blood Vessels

Studies have found that smoking increases the viscosity of platelets in the blood, which makes the blood more likely to coagulate, making it easier to form thrombus in the coronary arteries. At the same time, smoking will also increase low-density cholesterol in the blood, which makes it easy for fatty substances to accumulate in blood vessels and form coronary atherosclerosis. If the coronary arteries harden, their inner chambers will become thinner. Once the blood coagulates inside, the arteries will be blocked. At this time, oxygen cannot be sent to that part of the heart muscle, and the myocardial cells will die due to lack of oxygen. Death from failure is myocardial infarction. A local myocardial infarction can cause angina pectoris, while a large-scale myocardial infarction can cause shock or death due to the sudden stop of the heart. This is acute myocardial infarction. Smoking constricts blood vessels, slowing down blood and oxygen circulation, eventually causing blood vessel walls to thicken, leading to coronary heart disease and stroke. Smoking can completely block blood circulation in the hands and feet, leading to amputation.

Doctors’ advice to smokers is: If you have high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, heart disease or a family history of heart disease, you should stop smoking immediately, because smoking will put you at risk of myocardial infarction. Sexuality is improved dozens of times. Smoking accounts for 25% of all heart disease deaths. The prevalence rate is doubled among smokers over 50 years old. The prevalence is 9 to 14 times higher among smokers under 50 years old.

Lungs

Smoking can cause lung cancer. 90% of total mortality is caused by smoking. A person who smokes ten cigarettes a day is ten times more likely to develop the disease than a non-smoker. Damaged cells cannot return to normal. Early symptoms may go unnoticed until the cancerous cells spread to blood vessels and other organs. (Lung cancer is by far the cancer that causes the most deaths in humans, and lung cancer is almost impossible to detect early. The survival rate of patients diagnosed with lung cancer after 3 years is less than 5%, and the survival rate after 5 years is almost zero. Doctors recommend that smokers should have a chest X-ray every 3 to 6 months. If symptoms such as dry cough, blood streaks in sputum, dull pain in the chest, and fever occur, they should not take it lightly and go to the hospital immediately for a sputum exfoliated cell examination. . Only in this way can the possibility of early detection of lung cancer be increased.) Smoking can also cause emphysema. The accumulation of toxic substances in the bronchi of the lungs will prevent the body from exhaling the air normally, causing the lung cells to expand or burst, leading to disease. The patient has difficulty breathing.

Patients with severe emphysema are very painful. In order to inhale enough oxygen, they have to stand upright and gasp frequently. They have to walk slowly even on level ground. Some more severe patients must rely on oxygen bags to maintain their lives. They must concentrate all their efforts on doing a simple action - gasping for air - for the rest of their lives.

Some doctors believe that compared with emphysema, lung cancer should be regarded as a very kind disease, because the painful time of lung cancer is much shorter than that of emphysema.

Stomach

For those suffering from gastrointestinal diseases, smoking can make the gastrointestinal diseases worse. For people with gastric ulcers or duodenal ulcers, the healing of the ulcers will slow down and may even become chronic diseases. Smoking can stimulate the nervous system, accelerate the secretion of saliva and gastric juice, often cause gastrointestinal tension, and cause smokers to lose their appetite. In addition, nicotine will constrict the blood vessels of the gastrointestinal mucosa and reduce appetite.

Bone

The recovery period for smokers from broken bones is longer than that for non-smokers. It may be that the nicotine and carbon monoxide contained in cigarettes slow down the progress of bone regeneration. Nicotine constricts blood vessels, reducing blood flow to new bone. The carbon monoxide inhaled during smoking also reduces the rate of oxygen entering the body. Smoking can cause pelvic osteitis and back pain. Smoking more than ten cigarettes a day will double the prevalence of pelvic osteitis. Most people with severe back pain are heavy smokers. This is because smoking reduces blood flow to the joint discs, leading to premature degeneration of the joint discs. Smoking can cause arthritis. Smoking one pack of cigarettes per day increases the risk of developing the disease by 50%. Postmenopausal female smokers are more likely to suffer from fractures and joint disease. Smoking causes bone loss faster. Women who continue to smoke one pack a day from adolescence to menopause have 5 to 10 percent less bone than non-smokers. Smokers experience faster bone loss as they enter menopause. Smoking interferes with estrogen, an important hormone for bone development.

Bronchi

Smoking is the main cause of chronic obstructive airway disease. Smoking can cause the cilia of bronchial epithelial cells to become shorter and irregular, and cause movement disorders, which reduces local resistance and makes them susceptible to infection.

Liver

Smoking will increase the burden on the liver. Regular smoking will affect the lipid metabolism of the liver, increase fat in the blood, reduce benign cholesterol, and increase malignant cholesterol. This reason increases the burden on the liver's detoxification function.

Intestinal

Smoking can cause colon cancer. The chance of developing this cancer is directly proportional to the amount of tobacco smoked. Research shows that although stopping smoking can reduce the chance of other diseases such as heart disease and lung cancer, the risk of colon cancer is still very high.

Eye

Smoking can cause cataracts and affect vision. Studies show that cataract patients who smoke more than a pack a day are twice as likely as never smokers.

Reproductive system

Smoking has an inhibitory effect on the nerve center of the spinal cord, making men who smoke have weaker sexual desire. Smoking can also constrict and spasm blood vessels, causing peripheral blood circulation disorders. Therefore, smoking is the leading cause of impotence. Australia and Canada already print this message bluntly on cigarette packages. In addition, smoking can affect the vitality of sperm and increase the number of abnormal sperm. It takes three to six months to stop smoking before the sperm can return to normal. If you want a smart, healthy child, baby experts recommend stopping smoking for three to six months.

Second-hand smoke

Second-hand smoke is a mixed smoke that comes out when a cigarette, pipe or cigar is burned or exhaled by the smoker when smoking. Secondhand smoke is the most commonly encountered pollutant in many places where smoking occurs. The smoke emitted during smoking can emit more than 4,000 gases and particulate substances. Most of these substances are strong irritants, and at least 40 of them can cause cancer in humans or animals. After the smoker stops smoking, these particles can still stay in the air for several hours and can be inhaled into the body by other non-smokers. They may also be mixed with the decay products of radon gas, causing greater harm to human health.

While smoking harms the health of smokers themselves, second-hand smoke also affects non-smokers. In addition to irritating the eyes, nose and throat, it also significantly increases a non-smoker's chance of developing lung cancer and heart disease. If children live with smokers, their respiratory systems will be more susceptible to infection. Other effects include increased coughing, wheezing, phlegm, damage to lung function and slowed lung development.

Benefits of quitting smoking

1. Overview

According to scientists’ years of experiments, it has been found that a series of beneficial changes will occur in the organs of smokers after quitting smoking. The changes are roughly as follows:

Within 20 minutes: the blood pressure drops to the standard level; the pulse drops to the standard speed; the temperature of the hands and feet rises to the standard body temperature.

Within 8 hours: the carbon monoxide content in the blood decreases to normal levels; the oxygen content in the blood increases to normal levels.

Within 24 hours: The risk of myocardial infarction is reduced.

Within 48 hours: The function of nerve endings gradually begins to recover; the sense of smell and taste become more sensitive to external substances.

Within 72 hours: Bronchial spasm no longer occurs, breathing becomes much more comfortable, and vital capacity increases.

2 weeks to one month; blood circulation is stable; walking is steady and light; lung function improves by 30%.

1 to 9 months: Symptoms such as coughing, sinus congestion, fatigue, and shortness of breath are relieved; new cilia appear on the mucosa of the trachea and bronchi, and their ability to process mucus is enhanced; phlegm is reduced, and the lungs are cleaner. The chance of infection reduces the body's energy reserves and increases; weight can increase by 2_3 kg.

Within 1 year: the risk of coronary artery sclerosis is reduced to half that of smokers.

Within 5 years: the lung cancer mortality rate is lower than that of ordinary smokers (one pack a day), that is, from 1.37% to 0.72%, or close to the mortality rate of non-smokers; oral cavity, respiratory tract, esophageal cancer The incidence rate is reduced to half that of smokers; the incidence rate of myocardial infarction is almost reduced to the level of non-smokers.

Within 10 years: Precancerous cells are replaced by healthy cells, and the incidence of lung cancer drops to the level of non-smokers; the incidence of cancers of the oral cavity, respiratory tract, esophagus, bladder, kidney, and pancreas drops significantly.

Within 15 years: The risk of coronary artery disease is the same as that of a non-smoker.

Therefore, it is never too late to quit smoking, and it is best to quit smoking before serious health damage occurs. A cohort study of British doctors shows that if smokers can quit smoking before the age of 35, the risk of dying from tobacco-related diseases is significantly reduced, almost similar to that of non-smokers

Foods that detoxify from tobacco

◆ Carrots: Reduce the incidence of cancer (anti-cancer products, anti-cancer information).

◆ Water chestnuts: It has heat-clearing, detoxifying, antibacterial (antibacterial product) and anti-inflammatory effects.

◆ Chinese cabbage: It has the effects of clearing the lungs and throat, clearing away heat and detoxifying.

◆ Milk: It can protect the trachea and reduce the damage to the gastrointestinal tract caused by certain factors.

◆ Loquat: It has a protective effect on respiratory mucosal damage caused by regular smoking.

◆ Almonds: can greatly reduce the incidence of lung cancer in smokers.

How to successfully quit smoking

As far as quitting smoking is concerned, the bad news is that among all smokers who successfully quit smoking, as many as 80% relapse and return to fireworks; the good news is that , people who realize that they failed the first time are more likely to succeed in quitting smoking again; the good news is that those who insist on quitting smoking and regard failure as the mother of success finally quit the smoking habit. Unfortunately, Dr. Freud did not understand this. Had he known this earlier, he would have been spared the excruciating pain of his eventually fatal jaw cancer and would have lived a few more years.

The process of quitting smoking is like a circular road. In reality, it is more like a circular coil, and the end point is at the center of the circle. Each time the quitter walks around in a circle, he gets closer to the center of the circle and finally reaches the center of the circle. Of course, not all quitters reach the center of the circle. Each circle is divided into 4 stages, namely: Denial - Conflict - Action - Change

1. Overcoming negative attitudes

Half of the effort in quitting smoking addiction is to correct one's denial that smoking is a chronic suicide, and to overcome the contradiction that although smoking can make life miserable and shorten life span, it can make people temporarily satisfied. psychology.

2 Making a decision - the key to success

When a smoker comes to discuss smoking cessation with me, he has already entered the second stage of the factory, that is, the stage of overcoming ambivalence. . Thank God I no longer have to correct his attitude about the dangers of smoking. The problem has been raised by his wife. Doctor or severe chest pain resolved. What's more, the ban on smoking in public places is increasing day by day, and the anti-smoking atmosphere is expanding day by day, which is naturally conducive to solving this problem of awareness. No one can make you quit smoking unless you make up your mind and make a clear decision to quit smoking. At this time, and only then, can others do their best to help you quit smoking. Let the smoker decide whether to quit smoking or not. This is the key.

If he has not made a clear decision to quit smoking, and you ask him to quit, no matter how good you are at quitting smoking, whether it is hypnosis or staples in his ears, it will be a failure. I dare you to spend $100 on a few donuts or whole wheat bagels. On the contrary, if you sincerely quit smoking and have a clear and firm attitude, you will definitely succeed.

3． Commit to lifestyle changes

As psychiatrists say, after the so-called Portney complaint, let's get down to the real action. The practical action phase should begin with commitment. Once you make a commitment, keep it, stick to it, and ultimately succeed in quitting smoking. In other words, stick to the various stages of your chosen quitting method. The methods and techniques you choose to quit smoking must be combined with lifestyle changes, which is the fourth stage of the toroid described above.

4. If you fail to quit smoking for the first time

For most people who implement the above four stages in order to successfully quit smoking, but fail for whatever reason, they still need to experience a new denial, conflict, and action. and the whole process of change. It won't be easy, but if you persevere, you will succeed. You know, every time you go around a circle, you will understand that one circle is easier than the other, because as you approach the center of the circle circle by circle, the inner circle is getting smaller and smaller.

Keep going, why not succeed!

Related Movies

Thank You for Smoking

Pursuit of profit or moral decay?

Thank you for smoking

Title: Thank you for smoking

Translation: Thank you for smoking

Director: Jason Ray Jason Reitman

Starring: Aaron Eckhart

Robert Duvall

Katie Holmes Holmes

Sam Elliott

Genre: Comedy/Drama

Length: 92 minutes

Rating: R (Involving foul language and some sexual content)

Produced by: Fox Searchlight

Released date: March 17, 2006 (USA)

Official website: www .foxsearchlight.com/thankyouforsmoking

IMDB score: 8.0/10 (3,432 votes)

Recommendation index: ★★★★

Plot summary

Nick Naylor (Aaron Eckhart) is the chief spokesperson of the Tobacco Research Association, but in fact, he is responsible for speaking for the real sponsors of the Tobacco Research Association-the tobacco industry tycoons, helping them Make bigger profits. Nick's only purpose and focus of his work is to keep talking, to persuade others to smoke, and to persuade various public welfare, health, and government organizations and individuals who oppose smoking and try to block the profits of the tobacco industry... The views he wants to express and what he insists on The position is: "We have to put various pros and cons in front of people, but in the end, whether it is harmful and whether to smoke should be a personal choice, and other people should not interfere..."

Nick in life has Two close friends, Polly, who endorses the alcoholic beverage industry, and Bobby, who endorses the gun industry, although the products they endorse are different, are both "harmful to human life", so they call themselves M.· .D. The trio (arms manufacturers) get together every weekend, eating junk food in the restaurant while exchanging anecdotes about their work. At the same time, they also make suggestions and discuss with each other what to do. Face the siege of scientists, doctors and social workers.

In order to counter a group of fanatical healthy living advocates and an opportunist who is a senator, they want to print skulls on cigarette packages...

Behind the scenes Highlights

The film is adapted from the 1994 best-selling novel of the same name by writer Christopher Buckley. Through the interesting work and life experience of a tobacco business spokesman, the film examines the so-called "public relations culture" in today's American society. Ruthless jokes, Christopher's writing style is known for its satirical and pungent style. Last year, he won the 9th Thurber Humor Award in the United States for his novel "N·Way t·Treat a First Lady". The target of the novel is even more clear. The former American President Clinton and former First Lady Hillary unfortunately became the targets of his ridicule. The sharp-tongued wit once vented his bitterness in Time magazine, half-complaining and half-self-deprecatingly describing the difficult process of adapting his novels into movies.

The film was shot in Washington and Los Angeles, and it took only 35 days to complete the entire filming. Compared with the tight and fast shooting cycle, Jason Reitman, who directed a comedy feature for the first time, did enough preparation work in the preparation stage of the film, even reaching the level of "wordy". He gave each A major actor who received an invitation to participate wrote a long letter, in which he took the trouble to explain to the other party why he/she got/suited the role. As a result, Aaron Eckhart, William H. Macy, etc. All the actors were moved by Jason's sincere words, and all of them successfully signed on to star. This was the first time in the history of Hollywood. On the set, Jason was even more patient. Actor Sam Elliott once expressed objections to a certain scene of the character. It took Jason three hours of talking to convince the stubborn Sam to follow the script. The request to perform...

Brief review of the film

The director Jason Reitman is the famous Hollywood commercial film director Ivan Reitman (representative work: "Ghostbusters 1&2" The son of the TV series, "Mouse and Dragons", "Kindergarten", "Six Days, Seven Nights", etc.), Jason spent most of his childhood on the set. The environment influenced Jason's interest in film shooting since he was a child. With strong interest, he picked up his father's home video camera at the age of 10 and started shooting short films. At the age of 13, he became the assistant on the set of "Kindergarten Police". In 1998, Jason participated in the Sundance Film Festival with his comedy short film "The Business" and began to officially enter the directing industry. After years of experience in short films and TV commercials, Jason finally gathered the confidence to usher in his own comedy feature film. Debut novel "Thank You for Smoking".

This film is a star-studded film. In addition to the protagonists, the supporting characters are also well-known. For example, Maria Bello, who was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Drama Series for her outstanding performance in "A History of Violence", only had a relatively small role in the film. And William Macy, who plays the senator, is the husband of Felicity Huffman, the Golden Globe winner this time. His outstanding performance as the hypocritical senator in the film fully proves that behind an outstanding woman, there is still an outstanding man after all...

Smoking Not Smoking

Director: < /p>

Alain Resnais

Starring:

Pierre Arditi

Sabine Azema Sabine Azéma

Genre: Comedy

More Chinese titles:

Smoking or Not Smoking

Length: UK: 298 minutes< /p>

Country/Region: France

Dialogue Language: French

Release Date: December 15, 1993 France

Plot Summary: One An extremely ordinary town, an extremely ordinary couple, and an extremely ordinary housewife.

One morning when she was doing household cleaning in the courtyard, she found a pack of cigarettes on the table, so she naturally hesitated: Do you want to smoke one?

At this time, I ask you, the audience, to choose, whether to smoke or not to smoke?

There are too many "or"s in this film. Like life, everything is full of choices, and everything is full of ors. If you are not careful, your life will be completely different.

These are two brothers-in-law films adapted from six of Ike Bunn's "Intimate Exchanges" short play series (***8). The two actors*** played nine characters, all of whom were from a school in Yorkshire, England, and were in various marital statuses. Each story begins with Celia, a female school employee, walking out to the balcony, finding a pack of cigarettes, and deciding whether to smoke.

Behind the scenes production:

The background of the scene does not have any sense of pursuing reality. The whole film is like a cubist painting about marriage, with a strong stage flavor and a profound understanding of life. The decision makes a philosophical dialectic, but is not too boring. It is the later masterpiece of the master Resnais, and won many César Awards including Best Film, Best Director, and Best Actor.

Adapted from eight plays by Alan Ayckbourn and made into two 140-minute films. The story tells the experiences of a series of characters in a small village in Yorkshire. What surprised the audience is that all the characters in the film are played by two actors. The film explores different endings caused by chance, and the choices made will lead to completely different life paths. The audience can also decide the development sequence of the film according to their own choices.

Summary it yourself

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