Alias cinnamon, puzzle

Family Sapindaceae (Sapindaceae) longan genus (Dimocarpus)

Species big round, stone gorges, blessed eye, Chu Liang, wide-eyed

Longan commonly known as "Gui Yuan", is China's southern subtropical valuable specialty, historically, the southern "Gui Yuan" north "ginseng". "Gui Yuan", is China's southern subtropical specialty, the history of the southern "Gui Yuan" north "ginseng" said. Longan fruit is rich in nutrients, since ancient times by the people, more as a precious tonic, its tonic function is obvious.

Ming Li Shizhen had "resource benefits to longan for good" evaluation. According to the analysis, the pulp contains whole sugar 12.38-22.55%, reducing sugar 3.85-10.16%, 0.096-0.109% of the whole acid, vitamin C 43.12-163.7 mg / 100 grams of flesh, VK196.5 mg / 100 grams of flesh. In addition to fresh food, longan can also be processed and dried, canned, decocted and so on. Longan has a strong yang and gas, tonic heart and spleen, nourish the blood and tranquilize the spirit, emollient beauty and other efficacy, can treat anemia, palpitations, insomnia, forgetfulness, neurasthenia, and after the disease, post-partum weakness and so on. Modern medical practice has proved that it also has the effect of beauty, longevity.

Longan on the production environment is relatively picky, the world can grow longan place is limited, generally in the subtropical, mild climate without severe frost areas as appropriate.

Therefore, longan has always been known as the best fruit of Lingnan, because it can be eaten fresh and can be used for medicinal purposes, in the market in short supply.

Edit Characteristics and Features

Evergreen tree, the tree is tall. Mostly even-numbered pinnately compound leaves, leaflets opposite or alternate; panicles terminal or axillary; fruit spherical, seeds black, shiny. Flowering in March to April, fruiting in July to August. Prefer temperature avoid frost, the average annual temperature of 20 ~ 22 ℃ is more suitable, sensitive to low temperature; usually the average annual temperature <17.5 ~ 18 ℃, the coldest average monthly temperature <10 ℃, absolute low temperature <-5 ℃, longan is difficult to make economic cultivation. More drought-resistant, optimal total annual precipitation of 1000 ~ 1600mm; strong adaptability to the soil.

Wild longan is a common species of semi-evergreen monsoon rainforest in the low hills and terraces of southwestern Hainan. Distribution area average annual temperature 24 - 26 ℃, annual precipitation 900 - 1700 mm. Prefer hot and dry habitats, in the process of growth and development throughout the year, winter and spring (November - April) requires 18 - 25 ℃ temperature and appropriate drought, summer and fall (May - November) growth period requires 26 - 29 ℃ of high temperature and abundant rainfall. It is a light-loving tree, young seedlings do not tolerate excessive shade, and mature trees need full sunlight. Natural regeneration is good, is a deep-rooted species, can take root and grow in dry, poor soil. Strong sprouting power, logging site or fire site stumps, can quickly sprouting renewal. Natural growth is slow, 83-year-old tree height of only 20.2 meters, diameter at breast height of 27 cm. March - April flowering, July - August fruit ripe.

Edit paragraph distribution

Longan is native to the south and southwest of China, now China's longan is mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian and Taiwan and other provinces (autonomous regions), in addition, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou Province also have small-scale cultivation. Longan is also cultivated in Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, India, the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagascar, Queensland, Australia, Hawaii and Florida in the United States.

Edit Role

Longan is rich in nutrients and is a valuable nourishing and strengthening agent. Fruit in addition to fresh food, can also be made into canned food, wine, paste, sauce, etc., can also be processed into cinnamon garden dried meat and so on. In addition, longan leaves, flowers, roots, nuclei can be used as medicine. Longan tree hard wood, texture detailed and beautiful, is the production of high-level furniture raw materials, but also can be carved into a variety of exquisite handicrafts.

Edit Reproduction

Picked in July--August when the fruit is ripe and yellow-brown. Seeds are short-lived, remove the aril after peeling the husk, wash with water and then sow. When the seedling height of 8 - 10 cm, planted in beds or moved into the nutrient bag, with half a year or a year-old seedlings in the spring rains or autumn rainy days afforestation. The forest land is selected from low hills and terraces with an altitude of 500 meters or less. Cultivars shall be propagated by grafting.

Edit Conservation

In longan breeding, wild longan is a valuable germplasm resource. Timber structure is meticulous, heavy, extremely resistant to decay, not subject to insect infestation, for industrial strong wood, suitable for cars, boats, bridges, waterworks, furniture and other timber. The fruit is edible.

It is recommended that the undamaged and more widely distributed semi-evergreen monsoon rainforest be designated as a wild longan nature reserve, and that seed gardens be set up in nearby state-run forest farms to provide germplasm resources for cultivation and breeding.

Edit Reputation

Longan is a fruit of southern China, mostly produced in the two regions. With lychee, bananas, pineapples, as the four precious fruits of South China. The tree is one or two feet high, the leaves are long and slightly small, white flowers, fruit in early fall. In fact, tired and fall, the appearance of round, such as a projectile but slightly smaller than the lychee, skin greenish-brown. Remove the skin is translucent crystalline partial pulp white, vaguely visible in the flesh of the red and black kernel, very similar to the eye, so the "dragon's eye" name.

Quanzhou is one of the country's main production areas of longan, since ancient times produced longan. The people of Quanzhou commonly known as longan fresh fruit for the longan, longan roasted and dried for longan. Traders often collectively referred to the two as "cinnamon".

Nowadays: the best longan, Xinghua Guiyuan: Putian City is located on the coast of the East China Sea, the west bank of the Taiwan Strait, because of its unique geography, climatic resources, extremely suitable for planting longan and other subtropical precious fruit trees, of which longan, loquat, litchi, grapefruit is the traditional four famous fruits of Putian City, traditionally famous at home and abroad, especially the longan is the best, has always been known as the "Xinghua Guiyuan A world" reputation. The name of "Xinghua Guiyuan A world".

Putian longan because of its unique cultivation area, breeding a number of varieties and excellent quality. The city's existing varieties of more than 80, the most in the country. As Putian is located in China's longan cultivation suitable area of the northern edge of the sunshine, moderate rainfall, day and night temperature difference is large, conducive to the accumulation of soluble solids (sugar-based), so the Xinghua Guiyuanfeng

flavor than other places of origin sweet, and cultivated many excellent varieties. Putian longan to fruit large, high rate of good, high soluble solids content (i.e., high sugar) as a characteristic, "water South 1", "Friendship 106" two varieties, has reached the national level of longan standard, for the country's leading;" Songfengben" and "Lidongben" are favored for their late maturity. The main varieties of "Wulongling", "Youtanben", "ShuiNan 1", "SongFengben", " Lidongben " and other varieties of maturity in mid-August to

mid-October, the average single fruit weight of 13-19 grams, can be good rate of 65-72%, the soluble solids content of 18.3-5%, rich in vitamin C content,

per 100 grams of fruit flesh contains 43.12-167.7 mg, these indicators are significantly better than other production. All these indicators are significantly better than those of other production areas.

Edit History

Longan is native to the south of China, and the history of its cultivation can be traced back to the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago. Northern Wei (386-534 years) - Jia Si-feng "Qi Min Yao Shu" cloud: "Longan a puzzle, a than the eye." Because of its ripening in the fragrance of the osmanthus tree, commonly known as Gui Yuan. In ancient times, it was listed as an important tribute. The Western Wei Dynasty, Wei Wendi Yuanbao Torch (535-551), had ordered the ministers: "The southern fruit of the rare and exotic, there are longan, lychee, so that the annual tribute."

During the Song Dynasty, longan was commonly planted in Quanzhou.

Northern Song Dynasty - Quanzhou Prefecture, Tong'an County, Su Song, "Tu Jing Ben Cao" (1061), "Longan born in the South China Sea valley, now Fujian, Guangdong, Sichuan Road out of the lychee place are there.

Southern Song Dynasty, Quanzhou county magistrate Wang Shipeng praised the longan: "The best light red sweeping the ground without, have ten thousand trees to the dragon call, real as a puzzle is not medicine, taste than lychee is really a slave."

Ming - Huang Zhongzhao "eight Min Tongzhi" described: "Longan tree like Lizhi, and the leaves are tiny, skin yellow-brown. Lizhi only over, longan that is ripe, so the South is said to be litchi slaves. Quanzhou Prefecture counties have, County (now the Li Cheng District, Fengze District) especially prevalent. "

Ming - Quanzhou He Qiaoyuan "Min book" described the Quanzhou area "garden with lychee, longan benefit, baking and drying of the line of the world."

Quanzhou longan with grafting technology propagation method has a long history. Ming-Xu Bo "Litchi genealogy" (1597) and Deng Daoxie "Litchi genealogy" (1628) have records of longan propagation by grafting. In the early Qing Dynasty, Zhou Lianggong's "Min Xiaoji" (1666-1668) and Guo Baocang's "Min Production Recorded in a different way" both recorded the use of embedded grafting for seed, which is still in use today. The old method of hanging bowl filled with soil.　Quanzhou longan many varieties, different flavors. Famous varieties are Pu Mingan Ben, red child Ben and more than 50 kinds. The most acclaimed first "East Bik" longan, in 1993 won the China Agricultural Exposition Gold Medal.

"Dongbi" longan was originally produced in Quanzhou City, next to the East Pagoda in the Kaiyuan Temple in the former Dongbi Temple, hence its name. Its mother was planted by the monks of the Kaiyuan Temple during the Wanli period (1573-1620) of the Ming Dynasty, and it was withered only during the War of Resistance Against Japan after more than 300 years. There is an ancient longan tree in Chengtian Temple in Quanzhou which has been in existence for more than 200 years, and it is the oldest longan tree among the existing "Dongbi" longan trees. Nowadays, "Dongbi" longan is widely propagated in Quanzhou and other longan producing areas in this province. Legend has it that in the early years, a monk in Xianyou took "Dongbi" longan seedlings from the Kaiyuan Temple in Quanzhou and planted them in the territory of Xianyou, and now 20,000 adult trees have been reproduced, which is named "Quanzhou Ben", but its quality is inferior to that of the original "Dongbi" longan. "

These trees have been planted in Xianyou and are now 20,000 strong.

"Dongbi" longan is of excellent quality. Its rind has yellowish tiger spots, Quan people called "flower shell", is the appearance of the most significant difference from other longan varieties. "Dongbi" longan, also known as "sugar melon honey", the flesh is pale white, transparent as congealed fat, thick and tender crisp, sweet and fragrant, with "on the paper is not wet, dusted to the ground under the sand" characteristics, known as the treasures of the fruit. Characterized by "on the paper is not wet, dusted off the sand", is called the fruit of the treasures.

Another "blessed eye", formerly known as "tiger's eye". Quanzhou Fu Zhi" has "the name of the big tiger's eye" record. Quan language "tiger", "Fu" sound close to the "Fu-eye" instead of "Tiger Eye", take its auspicious and beautiful meaning. Fukumi is the main plant species in Quanzhou, with more than 800 years of cultivation history, has won the International Paris Tourism Cuisine Gold Medal and the China Agricultural Expo Quality Award. In recent years, a large number of longan producing areas in the province have been planted, and it is the largest cultivated variety in the province. It is said that Taiwan planted large longan, local compatriots also known as "blessed eye".

Edit Longan medicinal

Longan is cinnamon (Gui Yuan, Yuan meat). And lychee is hot and humid nature is different, longan can be used in medicine, have yang yi qi, tonifying the heart and spleen, nourishing the blood and tranquility, moisturizing and beauty and other efficacy, can be treated for anemia, palpitations, insomnia, forgetfulness, neurasthenia, and after the disease, post-partum weakness and other diseases.

Edit Dye Role

The Illustrated Catalogue of Taiwan Medicinal Plants in Primary Colors 2 notes "quercetin, quercetin?" among the constituents of the leaves of Longan.

Longan leaves and longan fruits are densely borne at the end of the branches, and when longan is picked, there are still a lot of green leaves on the twigs, which, after being removed, are piled up in the orchard under the trees. In recent years, when we started to study plant coloring, we naturally thought of the question of whether longan branches and leaves have coloring effect. After trial dyeing, found that the dyeing effect is good, worth promoting.

Dye use parts: branches and leaves, dry material

Edit this section of the life of common sense

1. selection of longan should pay attention to peeling when the flesh should be transparent without film, no juice overflow, pay attention to the tip should not be stained with water, otherwise easy to deteriorate.

2. Theoretically, cinnamon has the effect of stabilizing the fetus, but after the woman is pregnant, most of the yin and blood is weak, yin deficiency is born of internal heat. Chinese medicine advocates that the prenatal should be cool, and cinnamon is hot, therefore, in order to avoid miscarriage, pregnant women should eat with caution.

3. Identify the madman fruit, which is also known as Long Lai, poisonous, without the scaly mottled shell of longan, the pulp sticky, not easy to peel, with a bitter lick flavor.

Cultivars of longan

Daiwuyuan

Shixia

Fuyeon

Culiang

Guangyeon