This product is the dried root of Codonopsis pilosula, Codonopsis pilosula or Codonopsis pilosula of Campanulaceae. (All three are <: People's Republic of China and Pharmacopoeia of China >: A prescribed genuine product) is sweet and flat in taste, and has the functions of tonifying the middle warmer, invigorating qi, strengthening the spleen and benefiting the lung. It is mainly used for treating diseases such as weakness of the spleen and stomach, deficiency of both qi and blood, fatigue and weakness, and thirst quenching due to internal heat.
[Ingredients] Codonopsis pilosula contains sugar, phosphate, saponin volatile oil and alkaloids. Taraxery acetat, lignone, n－Butyl allophanate, several phytosterols and their glucosides, three sterones and methyl palmitate have been isolated from Codonopsis pilosula. I(tanshenoside I was isolated from the water-soluble components of Codonopsis pilosula produced in Shanxi, and polysaccharide, inulin, 17 amino acids and 14 inorganic elements were also obtained from the water-soluble components (the contents of K, Na, Ca and Mg were1.36×/kloc) The above shows that Codonopsis pilosula contains a variety of chemicals and various substances necessary for human body, which is the material basis for its disease prevention and treatment.
Party member Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae
(British) Fllase AsiabelI Root Tangshen
Alias Lu Dangshen, Wen Dangshen, Jing Dangshen, Taiwan Ginseng, Xiancaogen and leafy vegetables.
Is derived from the root of codonopsis pilosula (pilosula France.) nannf. of Campanulaceae.
Herbaceous vine in plant form, with white milk and strong odor. The leaves are ovate,1~ 6.5 cm long and 0.5 ~ 5 cm wide, the apex is blunt or slightly pointed, the base is nearly heart-shaped, the edge has wavy blunt teeth, and both sides are sparsely or densely covered. Flowers are solitary at the ends of branches; Calyx adnate to the middle of the room, 5-lobed in the upper part; Corolla is broadly bell-shaped, yellow-green, with purple spots on the inside and 5-lobed at the apex; Stamens 5, filaments and anthers nearly equal in length, pistil stigma with white bristles. Capsule short conical. The flowering period is from July to September, and the fruiting period is from September to10.
Born in mountain forests and bushes. Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Hubei, Henan, Inner Mongolia and Northeast China; It is now cultivated in large quantities.
Collect and dig in autumn, repeatedly knead and air dry.
Trait roots are long and cylindrical, sometimes branched in the middle and lower parts, with a length of15 ~ 40 cm and a diameter of 0.6 ~ 5 cm. The surface is gray or gray-brown, with longitudinal grooves and sparse horizontal lenticels. The upper end is 5 ~10 cm, and some parts have fine ring lines. The root has warty stem marks, which are commonly called "lion's head", and there are often dark brown gelatinous substances in the broken parts. The texture is slightly hard, the skin of the section is yellow and white, with many cracks, and the wood is light yellow. The gas is slightly fragrant and sweet.
Chemical constituents include ⅢatractylenolideⅠ Ⅰ and Ⅲ, nicotinic acid, 5- hydroxy-2- methoxypyridine, dangshen acid, syringin, syringaldehyde, vanillic acid, phytosterols, triterpenes, monosaccharides and polysaccharides.
Sex and taste are flat and sweet.
The main functions are invigorating the middle energizer, invigorating the spleen and promoting fluid production. For spleen and lung weakness, shortness of breath, palpitation, anorexia, loose stool, and limb fatigue.
root of membranous milk vetch
Astragalus
（Astragalus membranaceus （Fisch.） Bunge）
Astragalus membranaceus is a valuable Chinese herbal medicine. According to the Pharmacopoeia, it has the effects of invigorating qi, consolidating exterior and inducing diuresis. There is also a folk habit of taking Astragalus membranaceus to make nourishing and strengthening food in winter. Therefore, the annual consumption of astragalus is very large. The medicinal part is the root, and once the root is shaved, the whole plant will no longer survive. The wild resources of Astragalus membranaceus are increasingly scarce under the condition of large-scale mining. Therefore, it is determined that this plant is a national third-class protected plant.
Astragalus membranaceus is a perennial herb with a plant height of about 1 m. The taproot has a diameter of 1-2 cm and a length of more than 1 m, and is directly inserted into the deep soil. The aboveground stems are erect and angular; Be hairy. Leaves alternate, odd-pinnated, with leaflets 2 1-3 1 piece. Leaflets are oval, 7-30mm long and 4-12mm wide, with rounded or slightly concave apex and rounded base. Stipules lanceolate and 6 mm long. Racemes grow in leaf axils at the upper part of stems, with 10-20 flowers per inflorescence. The flowers are light yellow, butterfly-shaped corolla, the flag petal is obovate, the top is slightly concave, and the wing petal is nearly the same length as the keel petal. The ovary has a stalk, the pod swells after flowering, is oblong, 2-3 cm long, with a short beak at the top, short hair outside the fruit, and 3-8 seeds inside.
Astragalus membranaceus is produced in North China, Northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Northwest China, mainly in Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hebei and other provinces, and also distributed in the former Soviet Union, North Korea and Mongolia. In order to protect wild resources, mining and planing should be properly restricted, and it is forbidden to dig young plants after the seeds mature and land. In order to expand resources, we should vigorously develop planting or artificial seeding of young plants, and then keep them semi-wild until harvesting.
Astragalus membranaceus is a leguminous plant, which is a commonly used Chinese medicine. Its main pharmacological function is "invigorating qi and consolidating exterior", which can "benefit water" and "support toxin and promote granulation". What is "benefiting qi"? Astragalus membranaceus can be used in all cases that Chinese medicine considers to be "qi deficiency", "deficiency of qi and blood" and "depression of middle qi". Usually weak constitution, easy fatigue, often feeling weak, is often a manifestation of "qi deficiency". Anemia is often "deficiency of qi and blood". The symptoms of proctoptosis and uterine drop are often considered as "depression of middle qi". For people with the above symptoms, it is beneficial to eat some astragalus in winter. Of course, it is best to take it under the guidance of a doctor.
Some people are prone to catch a cold when the weather changes, which is called "unstable exterior" in Chinese medicine. Astragalus membranaceus can be used to stabilize exterior. Taking astragalus regularly can avoid frequent colds. There is a famous prescription in Chinese medicine called Yupingfeng Powder, which has three kinds of medicines, and the main medicine is Astragalus membranaceus, which can be used to treat frequent colds.
Because people are weak, or older, they often have some edema in their lower limbs. If it belongs to "qi deficiency", you can also take Astragalus regularly. People with chronic kidney disease may also have edema. When treated by traditional Chinese medicine, Astragalus membranaceus is sometimes a commonly used Chinese medicine.
The so-called "supporting poison to promote granulation" means that the wound is easy to recover after operation, or the abscess that has not healed for a long time is suppurated and promoted granulation.
Taking Astragalus membranaceus should be taken under the guidance of a doctor according to different personal constitutions. There are many ways to eat Astragalus membranaceus. Here are some:
1, take about 30 grams of astragalus every day, and take it after decocting in water. Or decoct in water for future generations to drink tea. Use 30 grams of Astragalus membranaceus, add 0/5 grams of Lycium barbarum/kloc-,and take it after decocting in water, which is better for people with weak qi and blood.
2, take about 50 grams of Astragalus, after decocting the soup, cook rice or porridge with the fried soup, and it will become Astragalus rice and Astragalus porridge, which is also very beneficial.
3. Some people like to put some Astragalus membranaceus in roast meat, roast chicken and roast duck to increase the nourishing effect, and the effect is also good.
～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～～
Latin name astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge
Chinese name huangqi
Latin family name Leguminosae
Chinese name Leguminosae
Protection level 3
be distributed
Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang
status
Endangered species. Also known as Astragalus membranaceus, it is mainly distributed in northern China, and it is a kind of precious Chinese herbal medicine. Due to long-term excavation, the number of wild Astragalus membranaceus has decreased sharply in recent years, and it is in danger of extinction if protection and artificial reproduction are not strengthened.
morphological character
Perennial herb, 50-1 150 cm high; The taproot is thick and long, with a diameter of 1 3 cm; Stems erect, ribbed and white villous. Odd pinnate compound leaves with villous leaf axis; Leaflets (13-1) 2 1 1 27 (1 3 1), oval to oblong-ovate, 7-30 mm long and 4-1 12 mm wide, with blunt or slightly concave apex, sometimes with small spines, rounded base, and underlying white hairs; Stipules narrowly lanceolate, ca. 6 mm long and white villous. Racemes are born in upper leaf axils, with flowers (5-1) 10-20, and pedicels are significantly elongated in fruit. Flowers are yellow or light yellow, long (12-1) 15-1 18 mm, with linear bracts; Calyx bell-shaped, 5-7 mm long, white villous, calyx teeth short, and1/5 or1/4 long, triangular; Flag obovate, apex slightly concave, base almost claw-free; The wing flap is nearly as long as the keel flap, slightly shorter than the flag flap, and both have long claws; Ovary stipitate and pilose. The pod is swollen, ovoid-oblong, 2-3 (1-3.5) cm long, with a short beak at the top and a long stalk at the base. The pericarp is membranous, black pubescent, sometimes mixed with white hairs or both, and has 3-8 seeds.
trait
Astragalus membranaceus is distributed in temperate and warm temperate regions of China and is a deep-rooted plant. Like cool climate, have strong drought resistance, cold resistance, heat resistance and waterlogging resistance. Too high temperature often inhibits plant growth, and too high soil moisture often causes root rot. It is suitable to grow in sandy soil with deep, fertile, loose and good drainage, but it grows slowly on clay. It is mostly found in forest margins, shrubs, forest grasslands, sparse forests and meadows. Flowering period (6) July-August, and fruiting period (7) August-September.
Protect value
Astragalus root is used as medicine, often used as nourishing Chinese medicine and veterinary medicine, with a large sales volume. The water extract of rhizome 10 times has inhibitory effect on potato late blight. Astragalus membranaceus also has the function of soil and water conservation.
protection measures
Generally speaking, the growing place of Astragalus membranaceus does not belong to nature reserves. In order not to make it extinct, it is suggested that the purchasing department of medicinal materials should determine the purchasing amount according to different specific conditions in different places, and vigorously publicize it to the masses, pay attention to protecting seedlings during mining and excavation, and properly reserve the growing plants to facilitate reproduction and sustainable utilization. The cultivation area should be further expanded.
Key points of cultivation
Reproduce with seeds. Sowing in April-May in spring or September 9-- 10/October in autumn in the north, due to the hard seed coat with water impermeability, proper mechanical damage should be done before sowing, and soil moisture should be kept after sowing, and the seeds can germinate in about 9 days at the temperature of18-20℃. Drainage should be done in time when there is too much rainfall.
1 drug evidence
Astragalus membranaceus is used for sweating and edema. In synopsis of the golden chamber, Huangqi Shaoyao Guizhi Kujiu decoction has the largest amount of Huangqi, with a dosage of 5 taels, which is mainly used for "body swelling, fever and sweating, thirst, appearance like geomantic omen, sweat stained clothes, and yellow color like cypress juice". Feng shui is systemic edema; Sweat can be stained with clothes, indicating that the amount of sweating is more. The simplest prescription of Radix Astragali in Synopsis of the Golden Chamber is Fangji Radix Astragali Decoction, which has 6 flavors * * *, and it is mainly used for "wind-damp pulse floating, heavy body sweating and evil wind", while the "Waitai Secret Yao" is mainly used for geomantic omen, "the person or head sweats, ... it is swollen and cloudy below the waist, and it is difficult to bend and stretch", which shows that there are also sweating and edema. Simply put, Astragalus membranaceus is mainly used to treat sweating and swelling.
The so-called sweating, spontaneous sweating is more common, that is, under the condition of not taking sweating drugs or strenuous exercise, and the temperature and room temperature are normal, sweating is more, and it may be accompanied by symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, dizziness, and easy to catch a cold. This symptom group is summarized as "spontaneous sweating due to qi deficiency" in Chinese medicine. The degree of sweating is more serious, often the clothes are completely wet, and some can see the sweat stains turning yellow, and sweating is remarkable in the upper body. In clinic, some patients don't complain about sweating, but through consultation, we can know that patients usually sweat more, and they are prone to sweating or have moist skin with a little physical activity.
Folk treatment of spontaneous sweating, commonly used Huangqi Jujube Soup: Huangqi 15-30g, Jujube15 pieces, decoction, twice a day. You can also use the Chinese patent medicine Huangqi oral liquid. Zhang Xichun treated a girl in Cangzhou, who was over twenty years old, with chest tightness, palpitation and spontaneous sweating when she was moving. She bought a packet of Astragalus membranaceus in advance at home, so she decocted it, and the consequences were better. Postpartum hyperhidrosis, it is reported that Astragalus membranaceus 30g and Leonurus heterophyllus 30g are decocted and taken twice a day. My experience shows that Guizhi Decoction can be added with Astragalus root 20g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 10g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 3g, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens 10g, and Fructus Jujubae10g for decoction.
The so-called swelling is mainly systemic edema, but it is obvious in the lower limbs. Due to the change of posture, there is edema in the face in the morning and edema in the lower limbs in the afternoon. Some people have no obvious edema, but their muscles are soft and fat, just like edema. Due to edema, patients often feel heavy, inflexible and painful joints. According to Lu Dingpu's "Leng Lu Yi Hua" in the Qing Dynasty, Wang suffered from swelling, from top to heel, his stool was normally closed, he was wheezing, his stool was blocked, and his life was dying. He sought medical treatment from Xu Shanlin in Haining. Xu Shi used raw Astragalus membranaceus 120g and glutinous rice 30g to cook a large bowl of porridge, which made patients take it frequently with a spoon. After the medicine, the asthma will be relieved, and then the whole body will be swollen and healed. Mr. Fan Wenhu, a famous doctor in modern times, treated a case of postpartum edema. His abdomen was as big as a drum, and then it gradually reached the whole body. When he pressed it softly, his skin could not shine. The patient's wheezing pulse is soft and critical. Fan Wenhu followed the above method, decocted the juice with 30g of raw Astragalus membranaceus, boiled half a cup of glutinous rice, and made porridge. After eating lightly, the swelling disappeared on the 5th. According to legend, in the winter of 1920, Hu Shi suffered from diabetes, chronic nephritis complicated with heart disease, systemic edema, and died in Union Medical College Hospital. Later, he invited Lu Zhongan, a Chinese medicine practitioner, to cure himself with a large dose of Radix Astragali (10, about 300g each) and Radix Codonopsis. This suggests that Astragalus membranaceus can reduce swelling.
2 application
(l) Chronic kidney disease
Mr. Yue Meizhong, a modern famous doctor, was inspired by the experience of treating edema with Huangqi porridge in Lenglu Medical Talk, and created Huangqi porridge to treat chronic nephritis in children, which received good results. The prescription is: 30g of raw astragalus, 30g of raw coix seed, 0/5g of adzuki bean/kloc-,9g of ground gizzard-membrane, 2 kumquat cakes and 30g of glutinous rice. First, 600ml of water is used to boil Radix Astragali for 20 minutes, and the dregs are removed. Then Coicis Semen and Semen Phaseoli are added, and boiled for 30 minutes. Then, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli and glutinous rice are added, and cooked into porridge. Make 1 day, take it twice, and chew kumquat cake 1 tablet after eating. This prescription has a high curative effect on the residual edema of chronic nephritis and nephritis, and it also has an effect on eliminating proteinuria. In fact, it is also effective to cook porridge with astragalus and glutinous rice alone. The method is as follows: Astragalus membranaceus 30-120g, glutinous rice 30-50g, first decoct Astragalus membranaceus, take the juice, then add glutinous rice, and cook porridge for daily consumption. Astragalus porridge is a traditional medicinal porridge in China, which became popular in the Song Dynasty. Su Shi wrote a poem "Huangqi boiled porridge to recommend spring dishes", which shows that Su Shi had eaten Huangqi porridge.
There are also folk people who use astragalus to steam ducks to treat kidney disease. The method is as follows: live duck 1 bird (about 1kg) and 60g of Astragalus membranaceus. First, the ducks are slaughtered and cleaned, soaked in boiling water, taken out, put Astragalus membranaceus, ginger and scallion in their bellies, put a little pepper in their bellies, put a little star water and wine in their bellies, sew them with cotton thread, and steam them in pots for 2 hours. Go to Huangqi, eat meat and drink soup. A duck can be eaten in three days. It can be used as a therapeutic prescription for chronic kidney disease (Popular Medicine 1999 No.4).
Clinically, I often use Yupingfeng powder combined with Zhenwu decoction to treat chronic kidney disease, and insist on taking it, which has the effect of improving renal function.
(2) Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases
① Hypertension: I often use Fangji Huangqi Decoction plus Radix Puerariae to treat hypertension with edema of lower limbs in the elderly, which has a good effect of eliminating edema and lowering blood pressure. Fangji Huangqi Decoction is a prescription of synopsis of the Golden Chamber. My experience is that the dosage is: Astragalus 30g, Atractylodes macrocephala 12g, Fangji 12g, Glycyrrhiza 3g, ginger 3 tablets, jujube 10 tablets, licorice is often removed, and pueraria lobata 30g is added. If accompanied by hyperlipidemia, Alisma 20g is added, which will cause chest pain and dizziness.
② Ischemic heart disease: Radix Astragali 50g daily, decocted in water for 3 times. 92 cases of ischemic heart disease were treated, and compared with Xintongding and Danshen tablets respectively. The results showed that Astragalus group had better curative effect. Not only the symptoms such as angina pectoris are obviously relieved, but also various clinical objective indexes such as electrocardiogram and impedance cardiogram can be improved.
③ Cerebrovascular accident: Fan Wenhu, a famous doctor in Ningbo in modern times, is good at using this prescription to treat stroke hemiplegia, and Astragalus membranaceus often uses 60-120g. He said: "Stroke is a disease. It is said that it belongs to fire, wind and phlegm, and it is often ineffective to treat it according to law. This is the extreme of qi deficiency, with many veins and blood stasis. Wang Qingren Buyang Huanwu Decoction alone is credible. Astragalus can be increased to four or two, and it is no harm to take dozens of doses. " Buyanghuanwu Decoction is an experienced prescription of Wang Qingren, a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty. It consists of Radix Astragali 60g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 10g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra 15g, Semen Persicae 10g, Flos Carthami 6g, and Lumbricus 10g. Indications: hemiplegia, mouth and eyes askew, unsmooth speech, drooling at the mouth, dry stool, frequent urination and enuresis. Modern medicine is used to treat cerebral infarction, cerebral thrombosis, diabetes, etc., and has good curative effect.
(3) Diabetes
For diabetics with edema and yellow complexion, I often use Fangji Huangqi Decoction plus Radix Puerariae. For patients with lower limb ulcer or deep thrombosis caused by diabetes, 60g of raw Astragalus membranaceus is used together with 30g of Radix Puerariae, 30g of Achyranthes bidentata, 30g of Dendrobium, 30g of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and 20g of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae.
(4) Chemotherapy, radiotherapy and postoperative treatment of tumor.
Patients with anemia, edema, loss of appetite, easy sweating and colds are often indications for the application of Astragalus. Huangqi Jianzhong Decoction and Shiquan Dabu Decoction are commonly used in clinic. I have treated 1 patient with multiple myeloma, the main symptoms of which are hyperhidrosis, aversion to wind and high fever. After taking 10g of Astragalus membranaceus and Cinnamomum cassia together with Zhenwu Decoction for a week, the aversion to sweating was significantly reduced. After treatment 1 year, the condition was stable and almost no fever appeared. Shiquan Dabu Decoction is a commonly used physical strength enhancer after tumor, which is widely used in Japan. It is composed of Radix Astragali 15g, Cortex Cinnamomi 3g, Ginseng 5g, Atractylodis Rhizoma 10g, Poria cocos 12g, Glycyrrhrizae Radix 3g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 6g, Rhizoma Chuanxiong 6g, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata 12g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 10g, decocted in water for 2 minutes each day. Traditionally, there are pills and ointments in China and granules in Japan, which are mainly convenient for long-term administration.
(5) Chronic rhinitis
Commonly used Yupingfeng powder: Astragalus membranaceus 15g, Atractylodes macrocephala 12g, Saposhnikovia divaricata 10g. Indications: spontaneous sweating due to qi deficiency and easy to catch a cold. Allergic rhinitis, hay fever, asthma, and colds in the elderly are often used. Three slices of ginger and red dates 10 can be added to the recipe.
(6) Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis, lumbar spondylosis, cervical spondylosis, anemia, etc., with symptoms such as joint pain, numbness and spontaneous sweating, can be treated with Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction. Composition: Radix Astragali 30g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 10g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 15g, 3 pieces of ginger, and 0/2 pieces of red dates/kloc-0. Licorice is not allowed in this prescription. At that time, Fan Wenhu treated the wife of Shen, a doctor, with soreness and numbness in her limbs. She once took Guizhi Decoction, but it didn't work. Fan used the original prescription of Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction, and two doses were effective. Guizhi Decoction and Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction are only different from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and Astragalus membranaceus, but the effect is quite different (see Wei Changchun's Clinical Experience Collection).
(7) Ulcer that can't heal for a long time
Astragalus membranaceus is a traditional medicine for sore, which has the effect of promoting granulation, and is especially suitable for "long-lasting ulcer", that is, purulent infection with long-lasting ulcer. Its manifestations are clear pus, flat wound and poor general condition. Mr. Zhao Bingnan, a famous doctor of modern Chinese medicine surgery, has a prescription of Huangqi ointment, which is decocted with Huangqi to make ointment, and the same amount of honey is added, and mixed evenly for later use.
Upper digestive tract ulcers, such as gastric and duodenal ulcers, can be treated with Huangqi Jianzhong decoction. Composition: Radix Astragali 15g, Ramulus Cinnamomi 10g, Radix Paeoniae Alba 15g, Radix Glycyrrhizae 6g, 3 slices of ginger, 0/2 pieces of red dates/kloc-0, and proper amount of maltose. It is mostly suitable for patients with chronic illness, mild anemia, spontaneous sweating and night sweats, sweet food, and dull tongue. If the body is thin, Astragalus membranaceus should not be used in large quantities, otherwise it will lead to bloating and loss of appetite.
3 reference
(l) When using Astragalus membranaceus, attention should be paid to the patient's body shape: the physique of Astragalus membranaceus-yellow and white, yellow and red, or yellow and dark-lacks luster. Puffy appearance, ignoble. Muscle is soft, abdominal wall is weak, just like a cotton pillow, which has no sense of resistance and pain. The author calls it "Huangqi abdomen". Usually it is easy to sweat, fear the wind, be allergic to wind and cold, or have a stuffy nose, cough and asthma, or catch a cold. The stool is not formed, or it is dried first and then turned. It is easy to edema, especially swollen feet, and numbness of hands and feet. The tongue is light and fat with moist coating.
(2) Middle-aged and elderly people have more opportunities to use Astragalus membranaceus: lack of exercise, malnutrition and aging can all lead to muscle weakness, especially in the abdomen, abdominal muscle atrophy and fat accumulation, and may be accompanied by edema. This kind of person is the so-called "respect person" with weak bones and strong skin in synopsis of the golden chamber. This figure is especially common among middle-aged and elderly people. Therefore, Astragalus membranaceus is widely used in middle-aged and elderly people.
(3) Astragalus membranaceus can only be effective if it is taken for a long time: Astragalus membranaceus is not used in Typhoid Fever, and four adverse reactions are rare in Jingui, which shows that Astragalus membranaceus is a drug for internal injuries and miscellaneous diseases. According to Mr. Yue Meizhong's experience, "Astragalus membranaceus is effective for paralysis, numbness and muscle cutting of nervous system diseases, and it must be taken for a day from counting money to counting two for major diseases, and its effect is effective". Astragalus membranaceus is commonly used in the range of10-30g, and the high dose can reach 120g or even more. I have seen Mr. Sun Lao, an old doctor of dermatology in my hometown, use astragalus to 500g g. However, excessive dosage can lead to chest tightness, abdominal distension, loss of appetite, dizziness, hot flashes and so on. Especially those with tight muscles and constipation should use it sparingly or with caution. Sweating with fever and sore throat is not suitable for use.
(4) Zhang Zhongjing used Astragalus membranaceus in a dosage range: Astragalus membranaceus was used to treat water vapor, yellow sweat and edema in large quantities (5 liang), wind arthralgia and physical inhumanity in moderate quantities (3 liang) and asthenia in small quantities (1 half). Modern application can be changed according to Zhang Zhongjing's medication experience. If used to treat edema, the dosage can reach 60-100g, and 30-60g can be used to treat hemiplegia and hyperosteogeny pain. For upper gastrointestinal ulcer, the dosage is15-30g.
(5) The pulse condition of Huangqi syndrome is not specific. Fangji Huangqi decoction is used for pulse floating, while Huangqi Shaoyao Guizhi Kujiu decoction is mainly used for pulse sinking. Therefore, the key to using Huangqi, regardless of pulse floating and pulse sinking, is to see whether the body shape and muscles are soft or not.
rhizome of Chuanxiong
Chuanxiong: chuanxiong
English name: RHIZOMA CHUANXIONG
Chinese herbal medicine
This product is the dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. of Umbelliferae. In summer, when the nodes on the stem are prominent and purplish, they are excavated to remove sediment, dried in the sun, and then fibrous roots are removed.
Characteristics this product is an irregular nodular fist-shaped mass with a diameter of 2 ~ 7 cm. The surface is yellow-brown, rough and shriveled, with many parallel raised knuckles, concave round stem marks on the top, and many tubercle root marks on the lower side and knuckles. Solid quality? Grey stains? What's your advice? A meal? ⒂ Xie Pu? Scratch away? Weft brake, what's the lung beer f? ??? Hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, hey, what's the school? ⒒ 靥 ??
differentiate
(1) The cross section of this product: the cork layer is 10 cells. The cortex is narrow, with scattered root vascular bundles, and its cambium is obvious. The phloem is broad, and the cambium is annular or irregularly polygonal. The xylem vessels are polygonal or quasi-circular, mostly in a single row or in a "V" shape, with occasional wood fiber bundles. The pith is larger. There are many oil chambers scattered in the parenchyma, which are round, oval or irregular in shape, yellowish brown, and the oil chambers near the cambium are small and gradually enlarge outward; The parenchyma cells are rich in starch granules, and some parenchyma cells contain calcium oxalate crystals, which are like round lumps or cluster crystals. Powder is yellowish brown or grayish brown. There are many starch grains, single oval, oblong, quasi-circular, ovoid or kidney-shaped, with a diameter of 5 ~16 μ m and a length of about 2 1μm, and the umbilicus is punctate, long slit or herringbone; Occasionally, it is composed of 2 ~ 4 fractions. Calcium oxalate crystals exist in parenchyma cells, which are in the form of round lumps or cluster crystals with a diameter of10 ~ 25 μ m. Cork cells are dark yellow-brown, often multi-layered, polygonal in surface view and thin in wall. The oil chamber is mostly broken, and occasionally oil chamber fragments can be seen. The secretory cell wall is thin and contains more oil droplets. Catheters are mainly threaded catheters, but also reticulated and stepped catheters, with a diameter of14 ~ 50μ m. Some of the thickened walls of threaded catheters are connected with each other, like reticulated threaded catheters.
(2) Take this product powder 1g, add 5 ml of petroleum ether (30 ~ 60℃), leave it for 10 hour, shake it from time to time, let it stand, take supernatant 1ml, and after evaporation, add methanol 1ml to the residue to dissolve it, and then add 2% 3.
(3) Take this product powder 1g, add 20ml of ethanol, heat and reflux 1 h, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 2ml of ethyl acetate to the residue to dissolve it, which will be used as the test solution. Another control medicinal material 1g of Ligusticum chuanxiong was taken, and the control medicinal material solution was prepared by the same method. According to the test of thin-layer chromatography (Appendix ⅵ b), absorb each1~ 2μ l of the above two solutions, respectively spot them on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, unfold them with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (9: 1) as the developing agent, take them out, dry them, and examine them under an ultraviolet lamp (365nm). In the chromatogram of the test sample, fluorescent spots with the same color appear at the positions corresponding to the chromatogram of the control medicinal materials.
Check that the total ash content shall not exceed 6.0% (Appendix ⅸ k).
Processing to remove impurities, separating the size, slightly soaking, washing, moistening thoroughly, slicing and drying.
Sexual taste and pungent and warm meridian tropism. Liver, gallbladder and pericardium meridian.
Function and indications: promoting blood circulation and qi circulation, expelling wind and relieving pain. Used for irregular menstruation, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain, stabbing pain in chest and hypochondrium, traumatic swelling and pain, headache and rheumatic arthralgia.
Usage and dosage 3 ~ 9g.
Store in a cool and dry place to prevent moth.
rhizome of Chuanxiong
(1) Overview
Alias Xiong Lao.
Chuanxiong is a plant of Umbelliferae (Ligusticum chuanxiong.). Dispelling wind and relieving pain, regulating qi and promoting blood circulation, and expelling pus from long meat. Treat headache, dizziness, qi stagnation, rib pain, arthralgia, irregular menstruation, carbuncle, swelling and pain. It is cultivated in Sichuan, Southwest China, Central South China, East China and North China.
(2) Botanical characteristics
Perennial herbs. Tubers are irregular lumps. The stem is erect, up to 100 cm, cylindrical, hollow and jointed, and the nodal disk is relatively enlarged. Leaves alternate, with 2 ~ 3 pinnate compound leaves, deeply green leaves, and wide petiole base holding the stem to form a sheath. The flowers are white, compound umbels, and the double-hanging fruit is oval.
(3) Growth characteristics
I like a mild and humid climate, with plenty of sunshine. I don't want strong light and high temperature in the seedling stage. The soil requires loose and fertile soil, good drainage, and sandy soil rich in humic substances. I don't want continuous cropping and waterlogging.
(4) Cultivation techniques
1.
Choose wasteland or water land with high dryness in sunny, sunny or semi-sunny mountains, and on sandy soil with fertile soil and good drainage, it is better to use corn (intercropping between Shaanxi and corn) and potato in the previous crop. If you choose new wasteland, remove weeds and roots on the ground as soon as possible, and burn them intensively as fertilizer to raise the ground temperature. Carry out deep ploughing for 20 cm, harrow and level the border. Well-drained soil, make the border 250 ~ 300 cm wide and high; For the soil with poor drainage, make the border wide120cm high.
2. Breeding method
Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. uses stem nodes (Xionglingzi) as seeds. Every year, after withering on the ground, Ligusticum chuanxiong is dug out, and the stem nodes above the roots are cut off, each node has buds1~ 2, and the seed consumption per hectare is about 2250 kg, and the big rhizome below is processed into commodities. The seedlings are planted before the next year's fright, with the depth of row planting ditch12 ~16cm, the row spacing of plants about 20 ~ 25cm * 35cm, and1~ 2 seedlings are placed in each hole, with the bud tips facing upwards, covered with fine soil of 6cm and base fertilizer of15000 per hectare.
3. Field management
Water the dry soil in time after planting, keep the soil moist before emergence, and intertillage and weed in late April. Topdressing plant ash 2250 ~ 3000 kg/ha, and decomposed cake fertilizer 750 ~1500 kg. Weeding for the second time from late May to mid-June, and weeding for the third time in July. If Ligusticum Chuanxiong is used as a seedling, the second and third weeding combined with soil piling at the base is beneficial to the expansion of stem nodes and the growth of seedlings. When Ligusticum chuanxiong blooms, some stems are cut off from the base of Ligusticum chuanxiong, and 5 ~ 6 stems are left in each cluster, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, concentrate nutrients and ensure the normal growth of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Plant in autumn, dig and plant. In the early rice field stubble, make a160cm-wide border, with a ditch width of 30cm and a depth of 7-8cm. In mid-August, plant it in sunny weather, row spacing of 25-30cm with a forked iron harrow, the depth of the ditch is 5cm, and eight polyporus are planted with a spacing of 20cm, and two polyporus are planted at both ends of the row for sealing every 6-0cm. Wheat and broad beans are often planted in border furrows in the south, and seven kinds of corn are planted in border furrows in the north.
Winter management: Ligusticum chuanxiong wilted, cut off the stems on the ground, weed and loosen the soil, and cover it with a thin layer of soil to protect Ligusticum chuanxiong from wintering. After turning green in the following spring, apply thin human and animal manure once in early March with sufficient fertilizer.
4. Pest control
(1) black soil silkworm
Bite Ligusticum chuanxiong seedlings to make them grow badly.
Prevention and control methods: Before planting, slightly soak Lingzi with 0.5 kg of Baichong and 25 kg of water. If insect pests occur, the roots can be watered with 300 ~ 500 times of 25% DDT emulsion.
(2) powdery mildew
It is caused by Ascomycetes, which occurs in summer and autumn. The leaves are like white powder, and the boundaries are not obvious. In the later stage, they are black spots, and in severe cases, the leaves turn yellow.
Prevention and control methods: clear the garden after harvest and eliminate pathogens. At the initial stage, spray 50% thiophanate 800 ~ 1 000 times solution or 0.3 baume's stone sulfur mixture for 7 ~10 days/time for 2-3 days.
(3) Starscream
See licorice disease.
(4) Stylophus chuanxiong
Also known as stink bug, the early larvae harm the top of the stem, and then the worm drills into the stem from the top of the stem to harm the whole plant step by step until it dies
Prevention and control methods: spray 50% Phoxim EC 1500 times at the initial stage, or spray 50% malathion and 40% dimethoate EC with 800 times the same amount.
(5) harvesting and processing
Due to the different harvest seasons in different regions. Harvest in late May to early June of the second year after Sichuan cutting. Harvest in early August of the second year after planting in Beijing. In the second year of Yunnan10 ~11month, after the overground part withered, it was excavated. Choose sunny days, remove fallen leaves, cut fibrous roots, soil, and keep the knotweed (Paeonia pubescens) as seedlings without sun exposure. Separate according to the size, bake or dry with slow fire, put it in a bamboo raft after drying, and knock off the rough skin, fibrous roots and soil. General1.25 kg fresh Ligusticum chuanxiong gets 0.5 kg dry goods. There are two processing methods: peeling and boiling first, and boiling first and then peeling. The former has less loss and good quality, so it is often used. First, scrape off the root bark with a knife, bamboo or glass, and wash it in clean water in three stages: large, medium and small. Then pour each stage in boiling water for about1-1.5 minutes. When the color is slightly yellow and bright, and the root center is slightly yellow and white, take it out immediately and float it in cold water to cool it to prevent over-ripening and rot. Or bend the root into a circle, which is suitable for uninterrupted. If there is not enough time, you can't fold into a circle. After cooking, dry it a little, smoke it with sulfur overnight, then spread it on the drying table or hang it in the sun with a small rope and a piece of paper, or set up a rack to dry it. In case of rainy days, kang should be dried immediately, otherwise it will become discolored and moldy. The quality inspection of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. is qualified by its large and uniform size, firm quality, strong aroma, high oiliness, no bridge stalks, no moth-eaten, and no impurities. It is packed with bamboo rafts, lined with straw mats, stored in a dry place, and smoked with sulfur in the first half of each year to prevent moth-eaten.
Chuanxiong (Herbal Decoction)
Phonetic name Chuanxiong
English name: RHIZOMA CHIUANXIONG
The famous mountain Ju Qiong (Zuo Zhuan), Xiong Gu (Ben Jing), Xiang Guo (Wu Pu Ben Cao), Hu Gu (Bielu), Ma Xian Xiong Gu (Tao Hongjing), Quenaoxiong, Jing Xiong (Ben Cao Tu Jing), Guan.
The source is the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong in Umbelliferae.
Plant morphology of Ligusticum chuanxiong hort
Perennial herbs. The underground stems are irregular nodular fist-shaped masses. The stem is upright, cylindrical and hollow, with longitudinal grooves on the surface. Leaves alternate, with 2 ~ 3 odd pinnate compound leaves, 3 ~ 5 pairs of leaflets, and the edges are unevenly pinnately divided or deeply divided. The lobes are gradually pointed at the apex, both sides are hairless, and only the veins are pubescent; The petiole is 9 ~17 cm long, and the base is sheathed and holds the stem. The compound umbel is born at the top of the branch and has pubescence; Involucre and bracteole linear; The flowers are small and white; Sepals 5, linear, pubescent; Petals 5, oval, with the entire apex and a short sharp protrusion in the center, bending inward; Stamens 5, alternate with petals, anthers elliptic, 2-loculed, longitudinally divided, filaments soft and protruding from flowers.