Arsenic trioxide, commonly known as arsenic or arsenic stone, is a white crystalline powder which is easy to sublimate. Slightly soluble in water, hardly soluble in acid, but soluble in hydrochloric acid to produce arsenic trichloride or other arsenic compounds, easily soluble in alkali. Impure arsenic often has red or red-yellow massive crystals or particles, which contain a small amount of arsenic sulfide, commonly known as red arsenic.
Second, the toxicity and mechanism of action
Arsenic is highly toxic, which can destroy the respiratory enzymes of some cells after entering the human body, making tissues and cells die without oxygen; It can also strongly stimulate gastrointestinal mucosa, causing mucosal ulceration and bleeding; It will also destroy blood vessels, bleeding, liver damage, and even death due to respiratory and circulatory failure.
Acute arsenic poisoning has two symptoms:
1, gastrointestinal type, the most common. The attack time varies with the amount and degree of gastric filling, ranging from 15-30 minutes to 4-5 hours, generally about 1 hour. At first, there was a burning sensation, thirst and nausea in the throat, followed by severe abdominal pain and vomiting. At first, I vomited food, followed by yellow water and severe diarrhea. At first it was ordinary feces, and later it was like rice soup. Decreased urine volume, decreased body temperature and blood pressure, collapse, coma, and finally died of circulatory failure.
2. Neurotype is rare. If a large amount of arsenic is ingested at one time, it can cause serious circulatory failure, blood pressure drop, fast and weak pulse, shallow breathing and central nervous system paralysis. Its symptoms are dizziness, headache, muscle cramps, rapid unconsciousness, and then respiratory paralysis, and it can die within 1 hour.
The toxic dose of arsenic trioxide is 0.005-0.05g, and the lethal dose is 0.1-0.2g. Some people can't die after eating a lot of arsenic (3g). This is due to the strong stimulation of arsenic on the stomach, causing strong vomiting. Arsenic was spit out without being absorbed by the human body, so it did not cause serious consequences.
Third, first aid measures.
1. If anyone is found to be poisoned by eating arsenic by mistake, he should induce vomiting as soon as possible and discharge the poison. The method of inducing vomiting is to let patients drink plenty of warm water or dilute salt water (a glass of water plus a spoonful of salt). Then put the index finger and middle finger into the mouth and the root of the tongue to stimulate the pharynx, and you can vomit. It is best to let the patient drink water and vomit repeatedly until the color of the spit liquid is like water. Gastric lavage can be performed with warm water, normal saline, 1: 2000 ~ 5000 potassium permanganate solution or 1% sodium bicarbonate solution, each time 200 ~ 300ml. Vomiting and gastric lavage should be repeated many times. After gastric lavage, 200 ~ 300 ml of 0.5% activated carbon suspension (or steamed bread) can be given to absorb the residual arsenic agent in the stomach.
2. After vomiting and gastric lavage, diarrhea should be induced, and honey water or magnesium sulfate can be used for 20 ~ 30 ml.
3. Take one or two windproof measures, grind them into powder and mix them with water.
4. Cold water mixed with azurite can solve problems like a god.
5. Burnt steamed bread can be ground and eaten by patients to absorb toxins. You can also drink more milk (3-5 bottles) and egg whites (4-5) to protect the gastric mucosa.
6. After arsenic poisoning, whether you can get proper first aid treatment is the key to the patient's life and death. Then we should hurry to the hospital, because modern medicine has a special antidote for arsenic poisoning-dimercaprol, which can combine with poisons to form non-toxic substances after entering the human body.
7. The remedies for relieving arsenic poisoning are as follows: ① Frosted carrot tassels1000g, decocted and drunk. ② Mash 150g mung bean and 5 egg whites, and take them after mixing. ③ Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch and mung bean powder 50 ~ 100g each, decocted in water and taken after gastric lavage. (4) Sulfur 12g and mung bean powder 15g are ground into fine powder, mixed with cold water and taken slowly. People with severe poisoning symptoms should be sent to the hospital as soon as possible.