ròu cōng róng
2 English Referenceherba cistanches [Landau Chinese-English Dictionary]
caulis cistanchis [Xiangya Medical Dictionary]
Herba Cistanches [Chinese Medicine Nomenclature Review Committee. Chinese Medicine Nomenclature (2004)]
desertliving cistanche [中中醫学名词审定委员会. Nomenclature in Chinese medicine (2004)]
3 The fleshy stem with scales of Cistanchia sinensis, family Ledangaceae - Cistanchia
Cistanchia
Cistanchia sinensis is a traditional Chinese medicine, which is from Shennong's Classic of the Materia Medica [1]. It is the dried fleshy stem with scaly leaves of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, family Ledanaceae [2].
The Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China*** and the State Pharmacopoeia (2010 edition) recorded the pharmacopoeial standard of this Chinese medicine.
3.1 Latin NameHerba Cistanches (La) (Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004))
3.2 English Namedesertliving cistanche (Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine (2004))
3.3 Alias of Cistanches (La)Ground Essence, Great Rue, Golden Bamboo Shoots, and Inch Rue[1].
Da Rue, Inch Rue, Cistanchia, Chagan Gueya (in Mongolian).
3.4 Source and OriginThe fleshy stem with scales of Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, family Ledanaceae [1]. It is mainly produced in Inner Mongolia [1].
3.5 PhytomorphologyPerennial parasitic herb, 80-100 cm tall, with fleshy, plump, unbranched stems. Scale leaves are yellow, fleshy, imbricate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate. Spikes terminal on flowering stems; 1 bract under each flower, 2 bracteoles, basally united with calyx; abaxially hairy, ca. 1x as long as flowering stems, calyx 5-lobed, ciliate; corolla tubular-campanulate, yellow, apical part 5-lobed, lobes bluish purple; stamens 4. Capsule ovate, brown. Seeds very numerous, minute. Seeds very numerous, minute.
Born in the lakeside, sandy Zaozuo forest. Parasitic on the roots of Haloxylon ammodendron Bunge, family Quinoa. Mainly produced in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai.
3.6 HarvestingMostly in the spring when the seedlings have not emerged or just dug, remove the inflorescences, cut into pieces, sun-dried.
3.7 PropertiesThe product is flat cylindrical, slightly curved, 3-15cm long, 2-8cm in diameter, with a brown or gray-brown surface, densely covered with fleshy scales arranged in a tile-like manner, usually the apex of the scales are broken. Weight, hard, slightly flexible, not easy to break. Section brown, with light brown punctate vascular bundles, arranged in undulating rings. Slightly gas, taste sweet, slightly bitter.
3.8 Sexual flavors and attributesSweet, salty, warm [1]. It enters the kidney and large intestine meridians [1].
3.9 Functions and IndicationsIt is used to tonify kidney yang, benefit essence and blood, moisten the intestines and laxative[1]. It is used in treating impotence, premature ejaculation, spermatorrhea, infertility, enuresis, lumbar and knee weakness, impotence of muscles and bones, and constipation withered by blood [1].
3.10 Usage and dosage of CistanchisDecoction: 6-9g [1].
3.11 Chemical compositionThis product contains Cistanchis contain anti-aging active ingredients, such as D mannitol, Cistanchis polysaccharides, but also androgen-like active ingredients such as betaine, eugenol glycosides, but also contains β-sitosterol, Cistanches glycosides, sea urchins glycosides and a variety of amino acids, etc. [1].
3.12 Pharmacological effectsThe decoction of this product enhances the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian pro-luteinizing function in female rats, and promotes endocrine and metabolism[1]. Total glycoside anti-myocardial ischemia [1]. It also enhances immune function, delays aging, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and promotes defecation [1]. The water or alcohol infusion has the effect of lowering blood pressure in anesthetized dogs, cats and rabbits [1].
3.13 Pharmacopoeial Standard of Cistanchis 3.13.1 NameCistanchis
Roucongrong
CISTANCHES HERBA
3.13.2 SourceThis product is the plant of the family Ledanaceae, Cistanchis Cistanche deserticolaY.C.Ma or Cistanchis tubulosa (Cistan.che tubulosa). Cistan.che tubulosa (Schrenk) Wight's dried fleshy stems with scaly leaves. Harvest in spring when seedlings are just emerging from the soil or in fall before freezing, and remove the stem tips. Cut into sections and dry in the sun.
3.13.3 TraitsCistanche is flat cylindrical, slightly curved, 3-15cm long, 2-8cm in diameter, with a brown or gray-brown surface, densely covered with fleshy scale leaves arranged in a tile-like manner, usually the apex of the scale leaves is broken. Weight, hard, slightly flexible, not easy to break, cross-section of brown, with light brown dotted vascular bundles, arranged in undulating rings. Gas slightly, taste sweet, slightly bitter.
3.13.3.1 Cistanche tubularisFusiform, compressed fusiform or compressed columnar, slightly curved, 5-25cm long, 2.5-9cm in diameter, with a brown to black-brown surface. Section granular, gray-brown to gray-brown, scattered punctate vascular bundles.
3.13.4 IdentificationTake 1g of powder, add 20ml of methanol, ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes, filtration, the filtrate is concentrated to nearly dry, the residue is added with 2ml of methanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Also take the pine nut chrysanthemum glycoside control product, the control product, add methanol were made into a solution containing 1mg per 1ml, as a control solution. According to thin-layer chromatography (Appendix VIB), absorb 2μl of each of the above three solutions, were spotted on the same polyamide thin-layer plate, methanol and acetic acid and water (2:1:7) as the unfolding agent, unfolded, removed, dried, and placed in the ultraviolet light (365nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test product, in the position corresponding to the chromatogram of the control product, the fluorescent spots of the same color.
3.13.5 Check 3.13.5.1 MoistureNot more than 10.0% (Appendix IXH first method).
3.13.5.2 Total ashNot more than 8.0%.
3.13.6 LeachateDetermined according to the cold immersion method under the method of alcohol soluble leachate (Appendix X A), using dilute ethanol as solvent, Cistanchis shall not be less than 35.0%, and Cistanchis tubulosa shall not be less than 25.0%.
3.13.7 Determination of contentDetermined by high performance liquid chromatography (Appendix VI D).
3.13.7.1 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability testOctadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; methanol was used as mobile phase A and 0.1% formic acid solution as mobile phase B. Gradient elution was carried out in accordance with the provisions of the following table; the detection wavelength was 330 nm; the theoretical plate number should be not less than 3000 according to the calculation of the peak of Pine-Sol.
Time (min) Mobile phase A (%) Mobile phase B (%) 0-17 26.5 73.5 17-20 26.5→29.5 73.5→70.5 20-27 29.5 70.5 3.13.7.2 Preparation of the control solutionTake the appropriate amount of pineconoside control and trichothecenes control, weigh it accurately, and add 50% methanol to make a mixed solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml, which is obtained.
3.13.7.3 Preparation of test solutionTake the product powder (sieve No. 4) about 1g, weighing, placed in a 100ml brown measuring flask, add 50% methanol 50ml precision, close Jian, shaking, weighing, immersed for 30 minutes, ultrasonic treatment for 40 minutes (power 250W, frequency 35kHz), cool, then weighing, add 50% methanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, and then add 50% methanol to make up for the loss of weight, shaking, and then add 50% methanol to make up for the loss of weight. Loss of weight, shake well, let stand, take the supernatant, filtration, take the filtrate, that is obtained.
3.13.7.4 DeterminationPrecisely aspirate 10μl each of the control solution and test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, measurement, that is, obtained.
Calculated as dried product, Cistanchos contain not less than 0.30% of the total amount of pineconjugoside (C35H46020) and molluscoside (C29H36015); Cistanchos contain not less than 1.5% of the total amount of pineconjugoside (C35H46020) and molluscoside (C29H36015).
3.13.8 Cistanchis tablets 3.13.8.1 Concoction 3.13.8.1.1 Cistanchis slicesRemove impurities, wash, moisten, cut into thick slices and dry.
The slices of Cistanchis are irregularly shaped thick slices. The surface is brown or gray-brown. Some of them have fleshy scaly leaves. The cut surface has light brown or brownish-yellow dotted vascular bundles, arranged in undulating rings. Gas faint, taste sweet, slightly bitter.
3.13.8.1.2 Cistanche tubulosaScattered punctate vascular bundles on the cut surface.
Identification, examination, leachate, content determination
Same as herbs.
3.13.8.1.3 Cistanchia ChinensisTake clean slices of Cistanchia Chinensis, stew or steam according to the method of wine stewing or steaming (Appendix IID) until the wine is absorbed.
The shape of Cistanchis in wine is like slices of Cistanchis. The surface is black-brown, with punctate vascular bundles arranged in undulating rings. The texture is soft and moist. It has a slight aroma of wine, sweet and slightly bitter flavor.
The surface of Cistanthus tunicatus is scattered with punctate vascular bundles.
Identification, examination, leachate, content determination
Same as herbs.
3.13.8.2 Taste and propertiesSweet, salty, warm. Attributed to the kidney, canine intestine meridian.
3.13.8.3 Functions and IndicationsTonifying kidney yang, benefiting essence and blood, moistening the intestines and laxatives. It is used for deficiency of kidney yang, deficiency of essence and blood, impotence and infertility, lumbar and knee soreness, weakness of muscles and bones, intestinal dryness and constipation.
3.13.8.4 Usage and Dosage6~10g.
3.13.8.5 StorageKeep in a ventilated and dry place, prevent moth.
3.13.9 OriginChinese People's Pharmacopoeia 2010 Edition
4 Alias of Cistanchis - CistanchiaCistanchia is a Chinese medicine name from Modern Practical Chinese Medicine, which is an alias of Cistanche recorded in Xinxiu Materia Medica [1].
4.1 Alias of CistanchisGolden Bamboo Shoots, Ground Essence, Cistanche, Cistanches [3].
4.2 Source and OriginWhole grass of Boschniakia rossica (Cham. Et Schltdl.) Fedtschet Flerov. in the family Ledanaceae [3]. Distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin and other provinces [3].
4.3 Taste and odorSweet, salty, warm [3].
4.4 Functions and IndicationsIt is used to tonify the kidney and strengthen the yang, moisten the bowels and stop bleeding [3]. It is used for treating kidney impotence, spermatorrhea, cold pain in the waist and knees, leaking of urine, blood in urine, infertility with cold uterus, hypogonadism, leakage and constipation with dry bowels [3].
4.5 Usage and dosage of CistanchisInternal use: decoction, 15-30g, or brewed wine [3].
4.6 Chemical compositionThe aboveground part contains Boschniakine, boschnialactone [3]. The whole herb contains Boschnaloside, Rossicaside B, C, D, p-coumaric acid and its ethyl ester [3]. The rhizome contains mannitol [3].
4.7 Pharmacological Actions of Cistanchis