Mangosteen can refer to both the plant Mangosteen and its fruit Mangosteen. Mangji persimmon, formerly known as Mangji persimmon, originated in Southeast Asia. Generally, it takes 65,438+00 years to bear fruit. It is very strict with the environment, so it is a veritable green fruit. It is very precious, fragrant and refreshing, smooth but not greasy, and is as famous as durian, so it is called "fruit queen".

Other terms Mangosteen, Mangosteen, Phoenix Fruit and Mangosteen

English name Mangosteen, Mangostan

Malay name Manggis

mangosteen

Mangosteen is native to Malay Peninsula and Malay Archipelago, and is widely planted in Southeast Asia such as Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines and Myanmar. Garcinia is an evergreen tree with a height of15m and a life span of more than 70 years. The leaves are oval, the flowers are like hollyhocks, and the petals are red and yellow, mostly spring flowers and autumn fruits. Although the planting cost of this kind of fruit is not high, it takes many years to harvest. General planting 10 years before harvest. Because the output is not high, things are rare, and the price is often one or two times higher than that of the American "five-legged apple". The winter temperature in Taiwan Province Province is lower than that in Southeast Asia, so the local conditions can't adapt. Therefore, although the introduction experiment started in the early 20th century failed, Taiwan Province Province has not been cultivated economically. The key point is that high temperature is one of the important growth factors. If the temperature is lower than 4℃, it will die of frostbite. Mangosteen is rich in protein and lipids, which has a good nourishing effect on the body, and has a good recuperating effect on weakness, malnutrition and illness.

Mangosteen tree planting

Soil preparation and planting

Select barren hills or wasteland with deep soil layer, convenient transportation and management, and irrigation and drainage conditions, cut off shrubs and weeds, dig out roots and bamboo whips, and master the key points of comprehensive mining and excavation cultivation.

It is 30 centimeters deep. Combined with ploughing and soil preparation, apply decomposed human and animal manure 1500-2000 kg per mu, mix the soil and fertilizer evenly, and open the drainage ditch. In the first ten days of February to May, the robust two-year-old wild bamboo species were excavated as seed bamboos, each with a weight of 20-30cm, a stump and a bamboo whip of 5- 10kg, 4-5 branches were cut off and planted in a planting hole with the same size as the stump, each with a weight of 70cm and a planting area of 60 mu. Let the whip root stretch naturally when planting, and water it in time after planting.

rational application of fertilizer

Fertilization should be viewed from three aspects: bamboo growth, bamboo shoot yield and soil conditions. Generally, in the late March of each year after planting, 65,438+00 ~ 65,438+05 kg of urea and potassium fertilizer are applied in cooperation with loosening soil and weeding, and 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer is evenly applied to the stump and whip tip of bamboo to facilitate the robust growth and rapid development of bamboo shoots; In July and August, combined with loosening the soil and clearing the whip, organic fertilizer 1500 kg per mu was applied to promote the germination of bamboo shoots. During the growth process, in case of persistent drought, timely and appropriate watering and irrigation should be carried out to combat drought and preserve soil moisture; In case of long-term water accumulation in rainy days, drainage should be carried out in the ditch in time to prevent waterlogging and ensure normal growth.

Loosen the soil and clear the whip

We should loosen the soil and clear the whip every July and August. The depth depends on the depth of the bamboo whip in the soil layer. At the same time, we should cut off the old and weak whip, straighten the exposed whip and bury it in the soil. Generally, the bamboo whip of mangosteen loses its ability to shoot bamboo shoots after 4-5 years, so it is necessary to "clean the whip" 1 time every 3 years. Combined with clearing the whip and loosening the soil, applying sufficient organic fertilizer can promote the growth of new whip and the germination of bamboo shoots.

Preserve mother bamboo

Since the second year, the age structure of bamboo has been adjusted year by year. In the late period of the peak period of bamboo shoots, it is necessary to do a good job of seed conservation and seed cultivation of mother bamboo. Generally, 600-700 new mother bamboos are kept per mu every year, and the income is increased by thinning the same number of old bamboos in autumn and winter, so that the number of live bamboos per mu is kept at about 1.300.

Timely harvest

When the bamboo shoots begin to split and the bamboo shoots are exposed to the ground for 20-30 cm, they can be harvested. When harvesting fresh and tender bamboo shoots, we should pay attention to timely harvesting so as not to hurt the whip.

No harm to bamboo shoots. After bamboo shoots are harvested, peel them every 0.5~ 1 kg and put them into food bags for sale. It can also be processed into dried bamboo shoots and shredded bamboo shoots for sale, with higher profits.

Planting technique

The seeds of mangosteen are parthenogenetic, so the reproduction of mangosteen is asexual. Soil and moisture require mangosteen to have extensive adaptability to soil, and mangosteen bears fruit on trees.

Good drainage conditions are needed. Compared with clay, mangosteen prefers sandy soil with rich organic matter and ph value of 5-6.5. Mangosteen grows in tropical rain forest with annual rainfall of 2000-2500mm. The best growing conditions are warm, humid areas without rainy season. Pest orpiment can make branches and trunks exude yellow secretions, and if the bark is damaged, the fruit will become bitter. After mangosteen harvest, 7- 12 began to bear fruit. Grafting takes 6 years to bear fruit.

Who knows more about potted cultivation methods of mangosteen?

When we eat mangosteen, we leave the stone in the middle. Some mangosteen fruits have fewer stones. We can collect more cores, clean them, soak them in clean water, and change the water 1 day, and the roots will grow in about 2 weeks. Prepare medium (loose and breathable soil, if you don't want to raise potted plants, plain sand, vermiculite, medical stone, etc. ).

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Put the planted mangosteen potted plants under scattered light for maintenance. After about 10- 15 days, new buds will grow. What needs to be emphasized here is that germination temperature is also very important. Generally speaking, the germination temperature is about 25℃.

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At this point, the potted mangosteen seed is basically completed, but we still need to know something about it.

The fresh leaves of mangosteen are red, and the leaves are bright and beautiful. However, as the mangosteen plant grows bigger and bigger, the color will gradually turn green, but the new buds are all red and will turn green when the leaves grow.

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There is also the slow growth of mangosteen, and flower friends need a little patience. We will give light to the grown mangosteen potted plants and don't need to put them in the shade.

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Is the south suitable for planting mangosteen?

The requirement of soil and moisture determines that mangosteen has wide adaptability to soil, and mangosteen on the tree needs good drainage conditions. Compared with clay, mangosteen prefers sandy soil with rich organic matter and ph value of 5-6.5.

Mangosteen grows in tropical rain forest with annual rainfall of 2000-2500mm. The best growing conditions are warm, humid areas without rainy season.

Pest orpiment can make branches and trunks exude yellow secretions, and if the bark is damaged, the fruit will become bitter. After mangosteen harvest, 7- 12 began to bear fruit.

Grafting takes 6 years to bear fruit. Mangosteen lives for 70 years, but grows slowly. It takes seven or eight years from cultivation to fruiting. The fruit ripens in May-10, and the yield is higher in August-10.

The seeds of mangosteen are parthenogenetic, so the reproduction of mangosteen is asexual. Soil and moisture require mangosteen to have wide adaptability to soil, and mangosteen on trees require good drainage conditions. Compared with clay, mangosteen prefers sandy soil with rich organic matter and ph value of 5-6.5.

Mangosteen grows in tropical rain forest with annual rainfall of 2000-2500mm. Mangosteen lives for 70 years, but grows slowly. It takes seven or eight years from cultivation to fruiting. The fruit ripens in May-10, and the yield is higher in August-10.

Mangosteen tree is as high as 10 meter, with long oval leaves, thick skin, tapering apex and full edges; The flower is about 5 cm in diameter, with 4 sepals and 4 petals, and the flesh is pink; The fruit is spherical, with a diameter of 6-8 cm. The deep purple shell is thick and tough, containing tannins and can be used as medicine. There are 4 large leathery sepals on the fruit stalk and 4-8 petals on the top. Mangosteen fruit trees can grow to 7-25 meters high, with circular or conical crown, dark brown bark and yellow bark juice. It takes at least 5-6 years to blossom and bear fruit, and most of them take 8- 10 years.

The leaves of the tree are opposite, 8- 15 cm long, with thick evergreen leaves and shiny leather. Flowers are 2.5-5cm in diameter, male or bisexual, and bisexual peanuts are at the front end of tender short branches, 1 or 2.

Sepals and petals 4, fleshy yellow mixed with red and light pink. A flower has many stamens, a pistil and 4-8-lobed stigma.

After the mangosteen fruit matures, the fruit is spherical with a diameter of 4-8 cm, and the surface is smooth. The fleshy sepals and the inner stigma of the exocarp remain, and the pericarp is very thick and extremely hard, so it can only be cut with a knife. Its skin is dark purple or pink, thick, bitter and generally inedible; The flesh is white and petal-shaped, which looks like garlic petals. Edible, rich in flavor, cool and sweet, soft in taste and textured.

Mangosteen needs to grow in an environment above 4℃, otherwise the plant cannot survive. Taiwan Province, Fujian, Sichuan (Panzhihua), Guangdong and Yunnan have also been introduced or cultivated.

How to plant mangosteen, the methods and skills of planting mangosteen

breeding method

Mangosteen seeds are parthenogenetic and asexual. The main methods are cutting, grafting, layering and branching. It can be transplanted in spring, summer, autumn and winter.

① cutting

Cutting flowers, stems and leaves into seedbeds to make them grow into a complete plant is called cutting. Materials (roots, stems and leaves) used for cutting are called cuttings.

② Grafting

The buds or branches of one plant are connected with another plant, so that the two parts grow into a complete plant. Grafted buds or branches are called scions, and grafted plants are called rootstocks.

③ Stratification

The method of pressing the branches of the mother plant into the soil and taking certain measures to make them take root is called layering. For example, begonia, oleander and mother plants have many long branches, which take root when pressed into the soil. Therefore, layered communication is often used. The layering method has simple operation, no special management after pressing, and high yield. Therefore, it is a common propagation method for woody flowers.

④ ramet

Ramet propagation is a method of separating tillers, bulbs, rhizomes and stolons of flower plants from their mother plants and planting them into independent new plants. The division method of plants can be divided into total division and half division.

Can mangosteen fruit trees be planted in the north?

No, Mangosteen is a typical tropical rain forest fruit tree, which can flourish at 25-35℃ and 80% relative humidity, and the temperature range of 20-25℃ can also meet the basic requirements of Mangosteen growth.

However, when the temperature drops below 20℃, the growth of mangosteen will be obviously inhibited; Mangosteen plants will die when the temperature is lower than 5℃ or higher than 40℃ for a long time.

The early growth needs weak light environment, and 40%-75% shading degree is the most suitable for mangosteen growth. Under direct light, mangosteen leaves, especially newly-pumped leaves, are easily burned by strong light.

Extended data:

Breeding mode

1. Cutting: Cut flowers, stems and leaves and insert them into the seedbed to make them grow into complete plants. This method is called cutting. Materials (roots, stems and leaves) used for cutting are called cuttings.

2. Grafting: Grafting the buds or branches of one plant to another plant to make the two parts grow into a complete plant. Grafted buds or branches are called scions, and grafted plants are called rootstocks.

3. Plant division: Plant division and propagation is a method of separating the tillers, bulbs, rhizomes and stolons of flower plants from the mother plants and planting them into independent new plants.

Where can I grow mangosteen in Yunnan?

There are few places in Yunnan where mangosteen can be planted. At present, it can only be planted in low altitude areas of Xishuangbanna. Matters needing attention: First, excellent fruit tree seedlings should be pure and adapt to local natural environment conditions, and the seedlings directly cultivated by general scientific research units and production authorities are more credible.

For individual distribution, be sure to find out the source of seedlings or scions, and then buy them after confirming their credibility. Second, the root system of fruit tree seedlings is developed, and there are many lateral roots and fibrous roots, which are evenly distributed. Primary and secondary seedlings should have more than three lateral roots, and the roots cannot lose water.

Third, choose fruit seedlings without pests and diseases, and have quarantine certificates. The fourth is to buy seedlings without mechanical damage. Pay attention to buy seedlings with smooth surface, that is, the surface of seedlings should be less hairy and have no autumn shoots to improve their cold resistance.

Pay attention to the moisture retention of seedlings, and choose seedlings with fresh bark and no wrinkles to prevent dehydration and dryness, which can improve the survival rate. Fifth, avoid buying fruit seedlings with poor results. Because the price of fruit seedlings is relatively expensive, when rootstock seeds are in short supply, inappropriate fruit trees are used as rootstocks. Although the seedlings grow well, they can't bear fruit early.

Pay attention to discrimination when buying, so as not to buy fruit seedlings with poor results.

Is mangosteen cultivated in China?

Mangosteen is a tropical evergreen tree, native to sunda islands and Moluccas in Malay Archipelago. Because mangosteen seeds, which are abundant in tropical South Asia and are called "the queen of tropical fruits", are parthenogenetic, so the propagation of mangosteen is asexual.

Soil and moisture require mangosteen to have wide adaptability to soil and good drainage conditions. Compared with clay, mangosteen prefers sandy soil with rich organic matter and ph value of 5-6.5. Mangosteen grows in tropical rain forest with annual rainfall of 2000-2500mm.

The best growing conditions are warm, humid areas without rainy season. After mangosteen harvest, 7- 12 began to bear fruit.

Grafting takes 6 years to bear fruit. The mangosteen skin turns red, indicating that it is beginning to mature.

The harvest season is when the skin changes from pink to black. Yield The yield per tree starts from 60 fruits and reaches 1800 fruits in more than 22 years.