Ape: Sad and mournful Du Fu's "Climbing high and looking far, the ape whimpers in the wind".

Hongge: Pursuing Ideal

Fish: Free.

Eagle: a strong and free life, the success of the fighting cause.

Dogs and chickens: the breath of life, rural life

(Thin) Horse: Pentium pursues drift

Crow: the villain is ordinary and the husband is sad.

Sha Ou: It's sad to leave.

Bird: a symbol of freedom.

Chun: It refers to hometown flavor. Later, literati used "blowing" and "blowing thinking" to describe homesickness.

Double carp: refers to letters. Han Yuefu's poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" said: "Guests come from afar and leave me a pair of carp. Hu Er cooks carp with books in it. " Later, I wrote a distant letter with double carp.

Zhuang Zhou Mengdie: The language comes from Zhuangzi's "On Everything": "In the past, Zhuang Zhou Mengdie was a butterfly, lifelike. I don't know what day it is. If you suddenly feel it, you will suddenly feel it. I wonder if Zhou Zhimeng is a butterfly? What is Hu's dream for Zhou He? There must be a difference between Zhou and Hu (butterfly). This is called materialization. " Zhuangzi used this to illustrate the idea that all things are one and all things are equal. Later, scholars used it to instruct people's confused dreams and fickle things. For example, Lu You's poem "Winter Night" says: A cup of poppy is a slave, and butterflies in Zhuang Zhou are both empty. "

(Lonely) Goose: Lonely, homesick, homesick, news, Hongyan: letters-thoughts of relatives.

Hongyan: Hongyan is a large migratory bird. Every autumn, it moves south, which often leads to homesickness and sadness for wanderers when traveling. For example, Xue Daoheng, a native of the Sui Dynasty, wrote: "People return to yan zhen and think before spending." I had the idea of going home long before the flowers bloomed. But when the geese returned to the north, people had not returned home. When the poet was an official in the Northern Dynasties, he sent envoys to the Southern Dynasties and wrote this homesick poem, which was subtle and tactful. There are also thoughts written by geese, such as "I hear that geese are homesick at night and sick in the New Year" (Ouyang Xiu's play answers Yuan Zhen), "When the stars cross the building and the flute leans against the building" (Zhao Wei's "Looking at the Autumn in Chang 'an" in the Tang Dynasty), "The stars are cold and blue, and the geese are sad and red" (. There are also letters referred to by Hongyan. Everyone is familiar with the allusions of Hongyan biography, and the application of Hongyan as a messenger in poetry is also very common. For example, "The geese don't answer me when crossing the river, and the river is full of autumn water" (Du Fu's "To Li Bai at the End of the Sky"), "Shuo Yan handed out a book and Xiang Yan dyed more tears" (Li Shangyin's "Lisi").

Partridge bird: the image of partridge also has a specific connotation in ancient poetry. The song of partridge makes people sound like "I can't live without my brother", which is very easy to evoke the association of hard journey and full of parting. For example, "Autumn dusk is full of grass, and the partridges are far away" (Li Qunyu's "Jiuzipo Smells the partridges" in the Tang Dynasty), "Worrying about the river in the evening, the mountains are deep and the partridges smell" (Xin Qiji's "Bodhisattva Man, Writing a Wall in Jiangxi").

Cicada: Cicada will not live long after autumn. After some autumn rains, cicadas will make a few intermittent moans, and their lives are at stake. Therefore, chilling has become synonymous with sadness. For example, Dondero's "Chanting Cicada" begins with two sentences: "The cicadas in the west are singing, and the guests in the south are thinking deeply." [Journey to the West: Autumn] Singing in a chilling voice exaggerates his deep homesickness in prison. Liu Yong, a poet in the Song Dynasty, began: "Cold cicadas are sad, the pavilion is late, and the shower is early." Before the direct description of parting, the feeling of "sadness" has filled the reader's heart, brewing an atmosphere that can touch parting. Poems such as "Crying on My Side" (Three Kingdoms Cao Zhi's "Wang Biao as a White Horse") also express this feeling.

Yuanyang refers to a loving couple, such as "why did I quit my job after I succeeded?" It is better to be a mandarin duck than a fairy "(Tang Lu's Ancient Meaning of Chang 'an).

The "Swallow" Image in Ancient Poetry

Yan is a migratory bird, which migrates with the change of seasons and likes to enter and leave people's houses or eaves in pairs. Therefore, it is favored by the ancients and often appears in ancient poetry, or cherishes spring and hurts autumn, or exaggerates sadness, or reposes lovesickness, or is sentimental about current events, with rich images and expressive expressions, which are far behind other things.

(1) shows the beauty of spring and conveys the feeling of cherishing spring. According to legend, swallows come to the north in spring and return to the south in autumn, so many poets beautify and praise it as a symbol of spring. For example, "Deep in the haze of flowers, make a fresh breast" (Wei's On Meeting an Old Friend), "Swallows come, news agencies, and pear flower falls are behind" (Yan Shu's Broken Fighter), "Yingying swallows spring, flowers Liu Zhen, and everything is full of rhyme" (George's "The sky is clear and sand is a thing"). "Great research, shape and spirit likeness. The spring is bright, the swallows are petite and lovely, and the literati are affectionate. When spring passes, the poet will feel infinite sadness. Therefore, Ouyang Xiu has "a traveler, only feeling the spring is empty." "When the curtain is hung, the two swallows return in the drizzle (picking mulberry seeds), and Qiao Ji has" Who is the swallow hiding the spring title, Yinger is ashamed to find a companion, cold and lazy to report to the official (picking honey), and the crow is hungry "(Narcissus).

(2) show the beauty of love and convey the desire for a lover. Swallows are always hermaphrodite and fly together, thus becoming a symbol of love. Think in pairs and come to your nest with mud (Book of Songs), Yan Er newly married, like brothers (Book of Songs), Yan Er flies, misses his feathers, and his son returns to the wild (Book of Songs), Only lonely with the empty boudoir, dark cobwebs hanging, empty beams falling into the mud (Xue Daoheng's Yesterday's Salt), Falling flowers are independent, Swift flies two times. All these, to name a few.

(3) Express the changes of current events, and express the feelings and indignation over the ups and downs of the past, the metabolism of personnel, the extinction of the country and the destruction of the family. Swallows leave in autumn and come in spring, never forgetting their old nests. The poet seized this feature and gave vent to his indignation. The most famous is Liu Yuxi's "Wuyi Xiang": "The Suzaku Bridge is overgrown with weeds, and the sun sets in Wuyi Xiangkou. In the old society, Xie Wang Tang flew into the homes of ordinary people. " In addition, there are some special banquets, such as "Flowers fall without incident, deja vu, swallows return, small gardens wander alone" (Huanxisha), Li's "Swallows return to embroider curtains, and their nests are nowhere to be found" (Former Residence of Huai Jin Gate), and Jiang Kui's "Swallows are unintentional, and the west bank of Taihu Lake goes with the clouds. Several peaks are bitter, and the rain in Shang Lue is hazy "(Dianjiang Lip), Zhang Yan's" Swallows know where in those days, the moss is deep and the grass is dark "(high balcony), and Wen Tianxiang's" The scenery of mountains and rivers is the same, and the people in the city go to half. Reed flowers everywhere accompany me to grow old. Who will fly next to the old swallow? " (Jinling post) Swallow inadvertently witnessed the changes of current events, endured the pain of national destruction and death, and showed the sadness of the poet's "separation". The load can be described as heavy.

(4) Pass the book on behalf of others, and lightly complain about the pain of leaving love. In the Tang Dynasty, Guo Shaolan's Yanzu poems spread to her husband Renzong. Injong left home for Jiahu and never returned for several years. Shao Lan's poems were written by Yan Zu. Living in Jingzhou at that time, Yan suddenly leaned on his shoulder and saw a book tied to his foot, which explained that it was sent by his wife and returned with tears. His poem "seeing my husband off" said: "My husband went to the heavy lake, and I cried at the window. I am diligent and given to my thin lover by Yan Yi. " Who said that "Yan Ziliang is too heartless" (Cao Xueqin's Dream of Red Mansions), it is precisely because Yan Zi has feelings that her husband changed his mind and the husband and wife met. Guo Shaolan is lucky. Some unfortunate women borrow Yan to pass on books, but they are lost in the vast sea of people. Such as "A sad swallow leaves a red line, causing a lonely shadow" (Zhang Kejiu's "Sai Qiu Hong Chun Qing"), "When Shuang Yan comes, do you meet a stranger" (Feng Yansi's "Near Flowers"), its bitterness.

(5) Express the feeling of wandering and describe the suffering of wandering. "Sacredness, intuition and analogy are the dominant ways of thinking of the Han nationality" (Zhang Dainian's "China's Thinking Deviation"), flowers, birds, insects and fish are all written by literati, and birds and animals are all poets. Goose mourns autumn, ape sings, cicada sends high. The uncertainty of the swallow's habitat has left a rich imagination space for the poet, or wandering, "like a new swallow every year, roaming the vast sea and sending the rafters to repair" (Zhou Bangyan's Man Fang Ting); Or the ups and downs of life experience, "Looking at Chang 'an from a distance, the future is full of spots, and it is difficult to travel north and south" (Zhang Kejiu's "Palace Front"); Or leave each other when they meet, "like a social couple, they will send each other when they meet unsteadily" (Su Shi's "Send Chen Yu Tan Zhou"); Or from time to time, "magnets fly, mica comes to water, earth dragons bring rain, and geese fly instead" (Liu An Huainanzi). Swallow is no longer just a swallow, it has become a symbol of China's traditional culture, and has been integrated into the blood of every Chinese descendant.