Red beans in Hainan bear fruit late and have different years. Yield per plant 15 ~ 25 kg. The fruit maturity can last from the middle of 165438+ 10 to the late of 10 of the following year. Seed collection should be in the first half of June+February, 5438. When the fruit is fully ripe, the full and orange pods should be harvested and exposed to the sun until the bright red seeds crack and fall off. Seed rate 12%~ 13%, 1000-grain weight 968 ~1/68 kg. The treated seeds should not be exposed to the sun, but should be sown in the shade, preferably immediately after harvest, otherwise the germination potential and germination rate will be reduced. If it needs to be preserved, it needs to be peeled or scrubbed in water to remove the red seed coat, and sealed in a film bag with fine sand or coconut residue, which can be preserved for 1~2 months. If it is not treated in time, it will rot within half a month and even lose its germination ability.
Step 2 sow seeds
The general sowing date is1~ March. When sowing, sandy loam with sufficient water, moderate light, good ventilation and fertile soil should be selected, and the sowing amount should be 8~ 10kg in general. Generally, it can germinate in 30 ~ 40 days, and the germination rate is generally 70%~80%. After the seedlings are unearthed, pay attention to watering the seedlings. Thinning is carried out twice, the first time is within 1 month after excavation, and the spacing between plants is 5 cm ~ 7 cm. The second time was conducted in May, and the plant spacing was kept at 20cm×20cm. After the seedlings are moved into the nutrition bag, they can be used to cultivate large seedlings or plant seedlings. Hainan adzuki bean has large seeds, and can also be directly sown to raise seedlings. After sowing, when the seedlings grow two or three true leaves, the survival rate can reach more than 95% by transplanting the seedlings into seedbeds or nutrient bags. The seedlings are slightly shade-tolerant. It is best to build a shade shed half a month after being unearthed, keep the light transmittance of 40%~50%, and strengthen the management of loosening soil, weeding, fertilization and watering at seedling stage. The height of seedlings can reach about 0.7m a year, and the ground diameter is 1cm, which can be used for afforestation or greening.
Step 3 transplant
When transplanting seedlings, first dig the planting hole, sprinkle a layer of organic fertilizer at the bottom of the planting hole as the base fertilizer (base fertilizer) with a thickness of about 4~6 cm, then cover it with a layer of soil and put the seedlings in order to separate the fertilizer from the roots and avoid burning the roots.
After releasing the seedlings, backfill the soil with a depth of 1/3, cover the roots, straighten the seedlings and step on them tightly; Backfill the soil to the mouth of the cave, stamp the soil with your feet and pour it thoroughly; If the soil sinks after watering, add soil; Finally, tie the seedlings firmly with small bamboo poles to prevent them from swaying in the wind, which is beneficial to the growth of new roots. Hainan red bean has a big crown shape and likes light, so the afforestation density should be increased. The planting density of street trees used for greening is generally: the spacing between single rows is 5~7m, and the spacing between double rows is 5m×4m, which can reduce the mutual extrusion of plants and affect the crown shape. Afforestation in barren hills can be planted at 3m×3m or 3 m× 4 m, and the survival rate can reach 85% ~ 95% by using nutrition bags with a height of more than 50cm for 8 months. The survival rate of annual bare root seedlings can also reach 80%~85%. When planting trees, seedlings should be planted with the seeds to avoid excessive water loss. Long-distance transportation of bare-rooted seedlings should be soaked in water before planting, so that they can fully absorb water before planting. In the afforestation season, the autumn rain season in the southwest of Qionglai is better than that in Chinese mainland and northern Qionglai. The suitable hole diameter for planting is 40cm×40cm or 50cm×30cm.
Urban greening seedling size is generally 3-5 years old with soil seedlings. When transplanting 8-9-year-old trees with a height of 5-6 m, as long as they are properly trimmed, covered with soil and transported, they can survive after trial planting and recover their vitality in about half a year. Green transplanting can be decided according to the size of seedlings to ensure the normal growth of roots. Hainan red beans form their own unique beautiful posture because of their shape, lines, colors, structure, smell and movement. Its leaves are tender and beautiful, and its crown is neat and smooth. The leaves dance, forming a shade in summer, and the tender leaves are lemon yellow or pink when sprouting in spring, and then turn pale yellow for 2-3 months. Its color is elegant, its fruits are scarce, its seeds are bright red, and the beautiful scenery of leaves, flowers and fruits that change with the seasons is very eye-catching. Hainan red bean leaves are thick, dark green, shiny and dense, giving people a feeling of heavy texture. It can be used as a central tree and can also be used with light-colored trees to achieve unique effects. The leaves of red beans in Hainan are dark green, giving people a deep, cool, moist, soft and pleasant feeling.
Greening trees show different visual effects with different shapes, lines, colors, structures, arrangements, densities and community sizes, giving people different artistic conception. The general intention of Hainan red beans is stability, solidity, beauty and approachability, but when they are planted singly, in rows, sparsely or densely, they will show different artistic conception and effects. From the aesthetic point of view, Hainan red beans are very gorgeous when planted singly or in rows because of their own characteristics of shape, color and texture. In other aspects, such as positive, evergreen, resistant to solar radiation, no pollution to the environment, poor soil, etc., it almost meets all the requirements of urban greening trees. At the same time, it is also suitable for single planting or sparse planting of scenic spots in parks, courtyards and green spaces, such as the central trees in green spaces and squares, the target trees at the f-I entrance of parks, the sign trees in buildings and parking lots, and can also be sparsely planted in groups in a corner of parks to form trees to shade pedestrians. Hainan red bean has dense leaves, high water content and small gap in crown, and can also be used as a fire-proof tree species.