The book recorded the names of more than 800 stars and divided their official positions.
The word "Mid-Autumn Festival" first appeared in Zhou Li. According to the ancient calendar of China, the 15th day of the eighth lunar month is in the middle of August in autumn, so it is called the Mid-Autumn Festival. There are four seasons in a year, and each season is divided into three parts: Bangladesh, China and Kyrgyzstan. In Sanqiu, the second month is called Mid-Autumn Festival, so the Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Mid-Autumn Festival". In the Wei and Jin dynasties, there was a record of "telling Shangshu Town about cattle confusion, crossing the river in mid-autumn and evening". It was not until the early years of the Tang Dynasty that the Mid-Autumn Festival became a fixed festival. The Book of Emperor Taizong recorded the Mid-Autumn Festival on August 15. The prevalence of Mid-Autumn Festival began in the Song Dynasty, and it became one of the major festivals in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is also the second largest traditional festival in China after the Spring Festival.
According to legend, the ugly women in ancient Qi had no salt. When she was young, she was very devout to Yue Bai. When she grew up, she entered the palace with superior moral character, but she was not loved. Seeing the moon on August 15th, the son of heaven saw her in the moonlight and thought she was beautiful and outstanding. Later, he made her queen, and Yue Bai came from the Mid-Autumn Festival. In the middle of the moon, Chang 'e is famous for its beauty, so Yue Bai, a young girl, wants to be "like Chang 'e and have a bright moon".
With the continuous development of society, the ancients endowed the moon with many legends, from the toad on the moon to the jade rabbit, from WU GANG to the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, and the rich imagination painted a colorful and beautiful scene for the moon palace world. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, poets and poets praised the moon and its events, and the full moon on August 15 became an excellent moment to express their feelings. During the reign of Emperor Taizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, August 15 was officially designated as the Mid-Autumn Festival, which was originally intended to be in the middle of Sanqiu, and the whole people would celebrate it then. On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, the bright moon is in the sky, and the light is scattered all over the earth. People regard the full moon as a symbol of reunion, and August 15 is the day for family reunion. Therefore, Mid-Autumn Festival is also called "Reunion Festival".
Mid-Autumn Festival has become an important festival in a year, which has a very subtle relationship with the imperial examination. In China's feudal society, it has always been a major event that rulers attach great importance to. The triennial autumn competition has just been scheduled for August. When scenery and passion are combined, people will regard the person who took the senior three exam as the person who won the laurel in the middle of the month. It has become an important custom of the whole society to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. From generation to generation, Mid-Autumn Festival has gradually become one of the four major festivals in China (Spring Festival, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival).
4 (the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon)
According to legend, there were ten suns in the sky one year in ancient times, which made the earth smoke and the sea dry up, and ordinary people could not live any longer.
This incident alarmed a hero named Hou Yi. He climbed to the top of Kunlun Mountain, drew his bow and shot down nine redundant suns in one breath.
Hou Yi made great contributions and was respected and loved by the people. Many people with lofty ideals come here to study and be teachers. The treacherous and cunning Meng Peng also mixed in.
Soon, Hou Yi married a beautiful and kind wife named Chang 'e. Besides hunting, Hou Yi spends all his time with his wife, and people envy this beautiful and loving couple.
One day, Hou Yi went to Kunlun Mountain to visit friends and seek truth. He happened to meet the Queen Mother passing by and asked her for a bag of elixir. It is said that taking this medicine can immediately ascend to heaven.
However, Hou Yi was reluctant to leave his wife, so he had to temporarily give the elixir to Chang 'e. Chang 'e hid the medicine in the dresser's treasure chest, but Meng Peng saw it.
Three days later, Hou Yi led his entourage out hunting, while Meng Peng with ulterior motives pretended to be ill.
Shortly after Hou Yi led the crowd to leave, Meng Peng broke into the backyard of the back room with a sword in his hand, threatening Chang 'e to hand over the elixir.
Chang 'e knew that she was no match for Meng Peng. In times of crisis, she made a decisive decision, turned around and opened the treasure chest, took out the elixir and swallowed it in one gulp.
Chang 'e swallowed the medicine and immediately floated off the ground, rushed out of the window and flew into the sky. Because Chang 'e was worried about her husband, she flew to the nearest moon and became a fairy.
In the evening, when Hou Yi came home, the maids cried and told what happened during the day. Hou Yi was surprised and angry, and drew his sword to kill the villain. Meng Peng has escaped. I was so angry that Hou Yi beat his chest and shouted. The grief-stricken Hou Yi looked up at the night sky and called the name of his beloved wife. At this time, he was surprised to find that today's moon is particularly bright and bright, with a swaying figure resembling Chang 'e.
Hou Yi hurriedly sent someone to Chang 'e's favorite back garden, set up a table sweetmeats, put on her favorite honey-eating fresh fruit, and offered a memorial service to Chang 'e at the Moon Palace.
After hearing the news that the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon became an immortal, people set up an incense table under the moon and prayed for good luck and peace to the kind Chang 'e. Since then, the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival in Yue Bai has spread among the people.
This story of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon praises and eulogizes Chang 'e with a clear gesture and gorgeous colors. Compared with the records of Chang 'e in ancient literature, we can see that people have done a lot of processing and modification to the story of the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, which makes the image of Chang 'e as beautiful as the moon and accords with people's pursuit of beauty. Contrary to the goddess the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon, which was widely circulated in modern times, all the ancient Chinese character series Lingxian in China recorded the story of "Chang 'e became a toad": "Chang 'e married his wife, stole the elixir from the Queen Mother and took it to the moon. Will go, occupy the grave. Zhi said, "Ji, you go back to your sister, and you go west alone." . You won't be surprised or afraid when it's dark, but you will prosper in the future.' Chang 'e entrusted herself to the moon for the sake of toad. "After Chang 'e became a toad, she was punished in the moon palace all day and lived a lonely and miserable life. Li Shangyin once lamented Chang 'e in a poem: "Chang 'e should regret stealing the elixir and stay awake at night. "
(WU GANG Fagui)
Looking up at the bright moon, you can see some dark shadows. In our country, it is said that this is Wu Gang's felling of Guangxi. In the Tang Dynasty, the myth of Wu Gang cutting Guangxi was deduced. It is said that in the middle of the month, laurel trees are as high as 500 feet. This laurel tree is not only tall, but also has magical self-healing function. There was a Xihe man named Wu Minggang who turned out to be a woodcutter. He is obsessed with fairy tales, but he refuses to concentrate on his studies all the time. So the Emperor of Heaven was furious and stayed in the Moon Palace, ordering him to cut down the osmanthus tree in the Moon Palace, saying, "You cut down the osmanthus tree and you get a fairy tale." But every time WU GANG cut an axe, the tree wound healed immediately. Day after day, WU GANG's desire to cut laurel still hasn't come true. So WU GANG cut osmanthus trees in the Moon Palace all the year round, but he couldn't cut them down, so he kept cutting them.
5 (1) Because the first month is like a hook, it is called a silver hook and a jade hook.
(2) Because the string moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon.
(3) The full moon is called golden wheel, jade wheel, silver plate, jade plate, golden mirror and jade mirror because it is like a wheel, a plate and a mirror.
(4) It is said that there are rabbits and toads on the moon, so they are called silver rabbits, jade rabbits, golden toads, silver toads and the moon.
(5) According to legend, there are laurel trees in the middle of the month, so they are called Gui Yue, Guilun, Guigong and Guiling.
(6) According to legend, there are two palaces in the middle of the month, namely Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace, so they are called Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace.
(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the gods, it is called Wang Shu.
It is said that Chang 'e lives in the middle of the month, so the moon is called Chang 'e.
(9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, they call the moon Chanjuan.
The moon has many interesting reputations in China's ancient poems: jade exemption (whoever tries to climb the stairs to find jade exemption, who covers the silver que-Xin Qiji); Luminous (luminous, why do you have children when you die? —— Qu Yuan); Su E (Su E is another name for the moon-Youxue Qionglin); Ice wheel (the jade hook decides who to hang, but the ice wheel is helpless-land tour); Jade wheel (jade wheel meets wet light, Luan Pei meets a stranger in Gui Xiang-Li He); Jade toad (cold night fog outside, three or five jade toad autumn-Fang Gan); Gui' ao (Gui' ao flies to a sunny place and enjoys a cool day in autumn-Su Shi); Toad (Fujian set sail, but toad lost his reunion-Jia Dao); Ancient pictures (Yang birds don't come out of the valley, and ancient pictures are half hidden-Li Bai); Chan Juan (I wish you a long life, take Wan Li Road * * * Chan Juan-Su Shi). In addition, there are many unique nicknames on the moon, such as Jade Bow, Jade Gui, Jade Plate, Jade Hook, Jade Mirror, Ice Mirror, Guanghan Palace, Chang 'e and Jade Sheep.
6 (1) The traditional food of Mid-Autumn Festival is moon cakes, which are round and symbolize reunion, reflecting people's good wishes for reunion with their families. It is said that eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival began in the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, the broad masses of the people in the Central Plains could not bear the cruel rule of the ruling class in the Yuan Dynasty and rose up against the Yuan Dynasty. Zhu Yuanzhang joined forces with various resistance forces to prepare for the uprising. However, the officers and men of the imperial court searched very closely and it was very difficult to pass on the news. Liu Bowen, a military strategist, came up with a plan and ordered his men to hide a note with the words "Uprising on the 15th of August" in the cake, and then sent people to the uprising troops in different places to inform them to respond to the uprising on the 15th of August. On the day of the uprising, all the rebels responded together, such as a single spark can start a prairie fire.
Soon, Xu Da captured the Yuan Dynasty and the uprising was successful. When the news came, Zhu Yuanzhang was so happy that he quickly passed on the message that all the soldiers would have fun with the people in the upcoming Mid-Autumn Festival, and they would give the "moon cakes" that were secretly sent to the ministers when the war started that year as seasonal cakes. Since then, the production of "moon cakes" has become more and more elaborate, and there are more and more varieties, such as dishes, which have become good gifts. After the Mid-Autumn Festival, the custom of eating moon cakes spread among the people. Some places have also formed many special Mid-Autumn Festival customs. In addition to enjoying the moon, offering sacrifices to the moon and eating moon cakes, there are dragon dances in Hong Kong, piling towers in Anhui, Mid-Autumn Festival in Guangzhou, burning towers in Jinjiang, moon-watching in Shihu, Suzhou, moon-dancing by Dai and Miao, moon-stealing dishes by Dong and dancing by Gaoshan people. The English spelling is: moon cake.
Later, Zhu Yuanzhang finally overthrew the Yuan Dynasty and became the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Although Manchu later occupied China, people still celebrated this festival, which symbolized the overthrow of foreign rule.
(2) According to legend, in ancient China, emperors offered sacrifices to the sun in spring and the moon in autumn. In the folk, every Mid-Autumn Festival in August, there is also a custom about Yue Bai or offering sacrifices to the moon. The famous proverb "The moon is full on August 15th, and the Mid-Autumn moon cake is sweet and fragrant" tells the custom of urban and rural people to eat moon cakes on Mid-Autumn night. At first, moon cakes were used to worship the moon god. Later, people gradually regarded Mid-Autumn Festival as a symbol of family reunion, and mooncakes gradually became holiday gifts.
Moon cakes originally originated from Zhu Jie food in the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Tang Gaozu, General Li Jing conquered the Huns and returned home in triumph on August 15.
Turpan people who were doing business at that time presented cakes to the emperor of the Tang Dynasty. Gaozu Li Yuan took the gorgeous cake box, took out the round cake, smiled at the bright moon in the sky and said, "We're going to invite toads with Hu cakes." After that, share the cake with the ministers.
The word "moon cake" has been used in the book Liang Lumeng written by Wu in the Southern Song Dynasty, but the description of enjoying the moon and eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival is recorded in the West Lake Travel Agency in the Ming Dynasty: "August 15th is called the Mid-Autumn Festival, and people use moon cakes to get together". In the Qing Dynasty, there were more records about moon cakes, and the production became more and more elaborate.
With the development of moon cakes today, there are more varieties and different tastes. Among them, Beijing-style, Soviet-style, Cantonese-style and Chaozhou-style moon cakes are deeply loved by people all over the country.
Moon cakes symbolize reunion and are a must-eat food for the Mid-Autumn Festival. On holiday nights, people also like to eat some reunion fruits, such as watermelons, and wish their families a happy, sweet and safe life.
(3) Moon cakes, also known as Hu cakes, palace cakes, cookies, moon cakes and reunion cakes, are offerings offered to the Moon God in the ancient Mid-Autumn Festival, and have been passed down from generation to generation, forming the custom of eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival.
Moon cakes have a long history in China. According to historical records, as early as the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, there was a kind of "Taishi cake" to commemorate Taishi Wenzhong, the "ancestor" of China moon cakes. Zhang Qian introduced sesame seeds and walnuts to the Western Regions in Han Dynasty, which added auxiliary materials for making moon cakes. At this time, a round cake filled with walnuts appeared, which was called "Hu cake".
In the Tang Dynasty, people had bakers engaged in production, and pastry shops began to appear in Chang 'an, the capital. It is said that one Mid-Autumn Festival, when Tang Xuanzong and Yang Guifei enjoyed the moon and ate Hu Bing, Tang Xuanzong thought the name Hu Bing was not pleasant to listen to. Yang Guifei looked up at the bright moon, and her heart surged, and she came to "moon cakes" at hand. Since then, the name of "moon cake" has gradually spread among the people.
The royal family in the Northern Song Dynasty likes to eat a kind of "palace cake" in the Mid-Autumn Festival, commonly known as "small cake" and "moon group". Su Dongpo has a poem: "Small cakes are like chewing the moon, crisp and pleasing."
The screenwriter of the Song Dynasty was thorough. The name "moon cake" was first mentioned in Old Wulin, which described what Lin 'an, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, saw.
In the Ming Dynasty, eating moon cakes in the Mid-Autumn Festival gradually spread among the people. At that time, ingenious bakers printed the Goddess Chang'e flying to the moon's fairy tales on moon cakes as food art drawings, making moon cakes a necessary food for Mid-Autumn Festival.
In the folk, every Mid-Autumn Festival in August, there is the custom of Yue Bai or offering sacrifices to the moon. August 15th, full moon, Mid-Autumn moon cakes are sweet. This famous saying says.
On the night of Mid-Autumn Festival, people in cities and rural areas eat moon cakes. Moon cakes are mostly used to worship the moon god. Later, people gradually regarded Mid-Autumn Festival as a symbol of family reunion, and mooncakes gradually became holiday gifts.
Now the varieties of moon cakes are colorful. There are many kinds of moon cakes in China, including Beijing-style moon cakes, Cantonese-style moon cakes, Soviet-style moon cakes, desktop moon cakes, Yunnan-style moon cakes, Hong Kong-style moon cakes, Chaozhou-style moon cakes, Hui-style moon cakes, Qu-style moon cakes, Qin-style moon cakes and even Japanese-style moon cakes. As far as taste is concerned, it is sweet, salty, salty and spicy; In terms of stuffing, there are osmanthus moon cakes, plum moon cakes, five kernels, bean paste, rock sugar, black sesame seeds, ham moon cakes, egg yolk moon cakes and so on; According to the crust, there are pulp crust, mixed sugar crust, crisp crust and cream crust; From the modeling point of view, there are smooth surfaces and lace spots.
Characteristics of moon cakes from different places:
Cantonese moon cakes: thin skin, soft, sweet and beautiful stuffing.
Su-style moon cakes: crisp, crisp, layered, heavy oil but not greasy, sweet and salty.
Beijing-style moon cakes: exquisite appearance, thin skin and soft flesh, distinct layers and attractive taste.
Chaozhou moon cake: heavy oil and heavy sugar, soft taste.
Yunnan flavor moon cake: crispy skin, moderate sweetness and saltiness, yellow color, oily but not greasy.
Hui-style moon cakes: small and exquisite, white as jade, with crisp skin and full stuffing.
Bent moon cakes: crisp and delicious, mainly sesame.
Among them, Cantonese-style moon cakes have become the best among the moon cakes because of their exquisite materials, exquisite craftsmanship and rigorous production, making them thin and soft, golden in color, exquisite in relief, beautiful in shape, rich in fillings, stable in quality, pure in flavor, sweet and delicious, and endless in aftertaste. It makes consumers of different social classes, income levels and life tastes salivate, forming a trend that everyone eats Cantonese-style moon cakes regardless of age. Even overseas Chinese and students in Japan, Southeast Asia, Australia and the United States regard Cantonese-style moon cakes as a necessary product for Mid-Autumn Festival. Cantonese-style moon cake is the largest kind of moon cake at present. They originated in Guangdong and its surrounding areas and have been popular all over the country. They are characterized by thin skin and big stuffing. Usually, the ratio of skin to stuffing is 2: 8, and the oil content of skin stuffing is higher than other kinds. They taste soft and smooth, and their surface luster is outstanding. Among them, the outstanding representatives are the white lotus seed cakes in Lianxianglou and Guangzhou Restaurant, and the Gong Li Chenpi moon cakes in Jiangmen.
Beijing-style moon cakes. Beijing-style moon cakes originated in Beijing and Tianjin and their surrounding areas, and have a certain market in the north. Their main feature is moderate sweetness, and the ratio of skin filling is generally 4: 6. They are mainly full of special flavor and crispy. The main products are purple red moon cakes, purple white moon cakes and Wuren moon cakes in Daoxiang Village, Beijing.
Su-style moon cakes. Suzhou-style moon cakes originated in Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and surrounding areas. Their main features are loose shells, five kernels and red bean paste, and their sweetness is higher than other kinds of moon cakes. The main product is Suzhou-style moon cakes produced by Limin in Hangzhou.
Yunnan flavor moon cake. Yunnan-style moon cakes are mainly originated and popular in Yunnan, Guizhou and surrounding areas, and now they are gradually liked by consumers in other regions. Their main feature is that Yunnan ham is used as stuffing, the skin is soft, and the stuffing is salty and sweet, which has a unique flavor of Yunnan ham. The main product is Yuntui moon cake produced by Kunming Jiqingxiang.
Qu-shaped moon cakes have their own system, which is the local characteristic of Quzhou City, Zhejiang Province. It is characterized by sesame as an important raw material, so Quzhou moon cake is also called "Quzhou sesame cake". Its main representatives are "Du Zegui Flower Moon Cake" and "Shao Yongfeng Sesame Cake", a century-old brand of China.
Hui-style moon cakes, with crisp skin, are made of refined flour and plain oil, and the cake flames are pickled with wild vegetables (bitter vegetables), mixed with fresh pork suet and white sugar. The main representative is "Hua Mei Moon Cake".
Other types of moon cakes are relatively rare. "The moon cakes in Mid-Autumn Festival are different every year." In recent years, new styles of moon cakes have emerged one after another. Such as ice-covered moon cakes, ice cream moon cakes, fruit and vegetable moon cakes, seafood moon cakes, coconut milk moon cakes, tea moon cakes and so on. Let's take a look at today's new moon cakes:
* Ice-covered moon cakes: The characteristics are that the crust of the cakes need not be baked, and they can be eaten after freezing. The epidermis is mainly transparent ivory, but also purple, green, red, yellow and other colors. The taste is different, the appearance is harmonious and interesting.
* Ice cream moon cake: It's made entirely of ice cream, but it's made of a moon cake mold. August 15 is the Mid-Autumn Festival, but the heat has not been completely removed. Delicious and refreshing, it is also a popular choice for many consumers. Among them, Baxi ice cream moon cake has the highest cost performance, and Haagen-Dazs has become the most expensive ice cream moon cake because it enjoys the title of "Rolls Royce in ice cream".
* Fruit and vegetable moon cakes: characterized by soft stuffing and different flavors. The fillings are cantaloupe, pineapple, litchi, strawberry, wax gourd, taro, dark plum, orange and so on. And fruit juice or pulp, so it has a fresh and sweet taste.
* Seafood moon cakes: they are relatively expensive moon cakes, including abalone, shark's fin, laver, lei Zhu and so on. It tastes slightly salty and is famous for its sweetness.
* Liang Na moon cake: It is made of lily, mung bean, tea and moon cake stuffing. This is the latest innovation, with moisturizing and beauty effects.
* Coconut milk moon cake: The stuffing is made of freshly squeezed coconut milk, evaporated milk and melons and fruits, with low sugar content and oil content, sweet taste, rich coconut fragrance and fragrant entrance. Has the effects of moistening, invigorating stomach and caring skin.
* Tea moon cake: also known as new tea ceremony moon cake, with new green tea as the main filling, with a light and fragrant taste. There is a kind of tea mud moon cake, which is fresh with oolong tea juice mixed with lotus seed paste.
* Healthy moon cakes: This is a functional moon cake that appeared only two years ago, including ginseng moon cakes, calcium moon cakes, medicated moon cakes and iodine moon cakes.
* Image-shaped moon cakes: in the past, they were called pork cakes with hard fillings, which were mostly eaten by children; Vivid appearance is the new favorite of children.
* Golden cream moon cake: the skin is full of cream fragrance, golden color and excellent taste.
* Mini moon cakes: the main shape is small and exquisite, and the practice is exquisite and elegant.
Cereal moon cakes: The raw materials are miscellaneous grains, which are delicious, healthy and fashionable. Xibei Grains Moon Cake launched by Xibei Catering Group is the most representative.
I'm exhausted ... LZ, add some points ... I'll find them for you one by one. ....