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Viscera includes organs of digestive system, respiratory system, urinary system and reproductive system. Mainly located in the chest cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity, directly or indirectly communicating with the outside world through pipes.

1, digestive system: the general name of digestive organs, consisting of digestive tubes and digestive glands.

2. Respiratory system: it is the general name of respiratory organs, which consists of respiratory tract and lung. The respiratory tract is a passage for gas to enter and leave the lungs, which consists of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchus.

3. Urinary system: a system consisting of a group of organs that produce, transport, store and excrete urine. Human urinary system includes kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. When blood passes through the kidney, water and some substances (mainly metabolites) in the blood are filtered out through the glomerulus, then stored in the bladder through the renal pelvis and ureter. When urinating, the bladder muscles contract and urine is discharged through the urethra.

4. Reproductive system: anatomical name. It is a general term for organs that reproduce offspring and continue the race. The organs of the reproductive system are different between men and women, but they are all composed of gonads, reproductive ducts and accessory organs according to their functions. Reproductive organs can reproduce through their various activities, fertilization, pregnancy and other physiological processes.

Extended data:

According to its morphological structure, it can be divided into lumen organs and parenchymal organs. The lumen organs are all connected with the outside world by pipes; The parenchymal organ is mainly a gland, with a catheter opening in the wall of the lumen organ.

From the point of ontogeny, most of the digestive system and respiratory system are derived from endoderm; The respiratory organ is another tube that protrudes from the upper part of the primitive digestive tube to the ventral side.

The urinary and reproductive organs originated from the urogenital ridge of mesoderm, and evolved into urinary and reproductive systems with different functions. However, there is still a common discharge tube in men. Therefore, some people collectively refer to the urinary and reproductive systems as urogenital systems.